• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2019

This paper examines the most-favored-nation treatment clause on the BITs concluded by China and examines the attitudes of China on the application of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to the ISDs by period as the scope of arbitration increases. Moreover, this study pointed out the problems that would be exposed if the most-favored-nation treatment clause applies to ISDs and then also suggested solutions. The conclusions of this study are as follows; if the Chinese government strictly restricts the applicable expansion of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to the dispute settlement procedure by considering only the position of the capital importing country, it implies a contradiction against the development trend of the arbitration system related to international investment disputes. Of course, in order to protect the rights of Chinese investors investing abroad, expanding the applicability of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to the ISDs procedure unconditionally may have a negative impact under China's dual status of being a capital-importing country and a capital-exporting country. Therefore, China should clearly define the scope of application of the most-favored-nation treatment clause, the completion of the local remedy for the host country in cases of BIT to be concluded in the future or amended, and also clearly define that the most-favored-nation treatment clause should not be retroactively applied into BITs already concluded as an exception of applicability of the most-favored-nation treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Deep excavations in the urban areas have been frequently going on in large scale. Soil-nailing and Earth-anchor supporting methods are generally used in deep excavation. These construction methods cause ground disturbances during drilling process, and damages of adjacent structures and ground due to the differential settlement throughout construction period, and unexpected behaviors of supporting system according to the characteristics of drilling machine and ground condition. This article introduces two actual examples of adjacent deep excavation for the construction of university buildings in granitic Seoul area. The important results of construction and measurements obtained using Crawler drilling machine for Soil-nailing and Earth-anchor supporting methods are summarized. And some suggestions are given to improve and develop the technique of design and construction in the deep excavation projects having similar ground condition and supporting method.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1998

An environmental problem is the important issue of mankind. It should be treated main discourse in our period. There are many assertions related to environment but they are not to be clearly classified because of miscellaneous paradigm. It is possible to classify into two category on the basis of human attitude toward nature and environmental problem. One of them is anthropocentrism and the other is ecocentrism. This classification is helpful to understand various environmental discourses. Owing to different paradigm approach, anthropocentrism and ecocentrism have different concept for environmental problem. Anthropocentrism is powerful to the real life in behalf of economic rationalism. But ecocentrism is important for the only settlement of environmental problem in ecocentric perspectives. Therefore a new scheme for environmental problem solving is necessary through combining the merits of anthropocentrism and ecocentrism.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.651-664
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop a rehabilitation technique for heavily earthquake damaged masonry buildings. A full scale one storey masonry building with window and door openings was manufactured and tested on the shock table by applying increased amplitude free vibration up to the point where heavy earthquake damage was observed. Damaged test building was rehabilitated with vertical and diagonal steel straps and then tested again. The effectiveness of improvements obtained by the rehabilitation technique was investigated. Steel straps improved the lateral strength and stiffness of masonry walls and limited the lateral displacement of building. Stability of the masonry walls were also improved by the steel straps. Steel straps reduced the natural period of the earthquake damaged masonry building and prevented the failure of the building at the same amplitude of free vibration.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.142-151
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• 1995

Since management innovation has been practiced only in the large entrepreneur, its application to small business seems to be very difficult. However, if the participation of all employees was properly provided, management innovation could be applied to every size of business with no difficulty or problem. Management innovation can be simply defined as an innovation in consciousness of entire employee to achieve a new target within the short period. Management innovation is not easy indeed, but may be obtained through the regimentation of each member's manpower in the small business. Through the goal setting and proper steps for the goal, management innovation can be obtained. Five S movement may be one of the basic step in the achievement of management innovation. Several factors that can affect the management innovation were reviewed and applied to small business in this study. The purpose of the study is in the settlement of business culture by the application of business innovation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.970-972
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• 2013

We examined the relative growth of Microstomus achne during early life stages of laboratory-reared larvae and juveniles. Turning points in the relative growth of preanal length and upper jaw length against total length occurred during the settlement period (11.12-19.91 mm in total length). However, turning points in the relative growth of head length and eye diameter, as compared to total length, occurred during metamorphosis (17.57-22.47 mm in total length). Our results suggest that Microstomus achne concentrates its energy on the feeding apparatus (jaw) and digestive organs (intestine) rather than sensory or neural organs (eye, head) during early larval stage growth.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

In this study, the large scale test was performed to investigate the behavior of failure for the embankment and spillway transitional zone by overtopping. The pore water pressure, earth pressure, settlement and failure pattern of covering embankment with geotextile were compared and analyzed. The pore water pressure showed a small change in the spillway transition zone and core, indicating that the geotextile efficiently reinforced the embankment. The earth pressure decreased the infiltration of the pore water only in inclined cores type to secure local stability. The behavior of failure started from the bottom and gradually progressed upwards. After the intermediate overtopping period (100 min), width and depth of the seepage erosion were very small due to the effect of geotextile which delayed failure. Therefore, the reinforced method by geotxtile was a very effective method to respond to the emergency due to overtopping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.423-428
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• 2005

If the load of constructing vehicles during the construction work acts on the road or the ground surface on the soft ground, due to the excess stresses in soils the trafficability of the vehicles influences the constructing efficiency, constructing period and so on. Stress distribution in soils is the very important element to design and to solve the problems of settlement, safety of foundations and trafficability of constructing vehicle in civil engineering. This research represents the comparative estimation of the actual and theoretical measurement on the underground stress of outer layer for each soil after the observation of each top soil layer for its vertical and horizontal stress in (1)homogeneous sand ground (2) weak stratum with the sand soil (3) weak stratum with gravel of the soil model, and it also investigates the effect of subsidence of ground by the repeated load. The underground stress turn out to be different in the value of theoretical and actual measurement after the trial examination of model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine their degree of housing satisfaction in Gyeongju, focused on indoor environment of urban traditional houses. Mostly built during time period from 1930's to 1980's in Seoak-dong, Bomun-dong, Namsan-dong, Sajeong-dong, and Hwangnam-dong, Gyeongju' Hanok reveals the evolutionary development to fit into the urban settlement. Urban traditional house has important meaning as a type of residence maintaining tradition of Korean residential culture, and it is the study's first goal to derive developable element by analyzing the characteristics of urban traditional house focusing on such a feature. Residents in 5 districts in Gyeongju were classified and the self-administered questionnaires were provided to them. 187 papers were used for final analysis. The data for general trend of satisfaction was seek for after its average and standard variation were calculated.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 1997

A total of 353 farmed rockfish, Sebastes schlegli Hilgendorf, 1880 were sampled from 3 localities on Korean coastline over a 12 month period. Full parasitological examination revealed the polypisthocotylean monogenean Micorcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894 to be abundant with infections consistently reaching over 90~100% prevalence throughout the year. A seasonal pattern in parasite abundance on the gills is evident, with the population peaking twice, the largest in winter and again in summer. While the parasitic load on the left and right gills was not dissimilar, parasites within the gill sets were found to favour settlement of the II and III gill arches. A comparison of parasite abundance with host length, revealed that the smaller length fish classes (<17cm standard body length) had significantly heavier infections than those of larger fish (>17 cm standard body length). This report represents the fist record of Microcotyle sebastis on farmed rockfish in Korean coastal waters.