• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2012

This paper presents an image processing-based validation method for unrecognizable numbers in severely distorted license plate images which have been degraded by various factors including low-resolution, low light-level, geometric distortion, and periodic noise. Existing vehicle license plate recognition (LPR) methods assume that most of the image degradation factors have been removed before performing the recognition of printed numbers and letters. If this is not the case, conventional LPR becomes impossible. The proposed method adopts a novel approach where a set of reference number images are intentionally degraded using the same factors estimated from the input image. After a series of image processing steps, including geometric transformation, super-resolution, and filtering, a comparison using cross-correlation between the intentionally degraded reference and the input images can provide a successful identification of the visually unrecognizable numbers. The proposed method makes it possible to validate numbers in a license plate image taken under low light-level conditions. In the experiment, using an extended set of test images that are unrecognizable to human vision, the proposed method provides a successful recognition rate of over 95%, whereas most existing LPR methods fail due to the severe distortion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2543-2554
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• 1993

In this paper, the kinematic and dynamic analyses of spatial complex kinematic chain are studied. Through the new method both using the set of identification numbers and applying the DenavitHartenberg link representation method to the spatial complex kinematic chain, the kinematic configuration of the chain is represented. Some link in the part of closed chain being fictitiously cutted, the complex kinematic chain is transformed to the branched chain. The kinematic constraint equations are derived from the constraint conditions which the cutted sections of the link have to satisfy. And the joint variables being partitioned in the independent joint variables and the dependent joint variables, the dependent variables are calculated from the independent variables by using the Newton-Raphson iterative method and the pseudoinverse matrix. The equations of motion are derived under the independent joint variables by using the principle of virtual work. Algorithms for dynamic analysis are presented and simulations are done to verify accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.140-151
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• 2020

It is important to identify the location of ship hull blocks with exact block identification number when scheduling the shipbuilding process. The wrong information on the location and identification number of some hull block can cause low productivity by spending time to find where the exact hull block is. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to equip the system to track the location of the blocks and to identify the identification numbers of the blocks automatically. There were a lot of researches of location tracking system for the hull blocks on the stockyard. However there has been no research to identify the hull blocks on the stockyard. This study compares the performance of 5 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models with multi-view image set on the classification of the hull blocks to identify the blocks on the stockyard. The CNN models are open algorithms of ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Competition (ILSVRC). Four scaled hull block models are used to acquire the images of ship hull blocks. Learning and transfer learning of the CNN models with original training data and augmented data of the original training data were done. 20 tests and predictions in consideration of five CNN models and four cases of training conditions are performed. In order to compare the classification performance of the CNN models, accuracy and average F1-Score from confusion matrix are adopted as the performance measures. As a result of the comparison, Resnet-152v2 model shows the highest accuracy and average F1-Score with full block prediction image set and with cropped block prediction image set.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.223-238
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• 2001

Decimal fractions are the practical system of notations representing real numbers. The set of decimal fractions with the definition of comparison of decimal fractions and the identification of their double representations is essentially the field of real numbers. Therefore, we have to clarify the concept of decimal fractions. However, there are problematics that the aquisition of the concept of decimal fractions is not easy. In this paper, we attempt to eradicate the problematics relevant to the acquisition of decimal fractions discussed above and find the desirable direction of instruction of meaning for mathematical symbols: The case of decimal fractions. In J. Hiebert & decimal fractions. First of all, we clarify the essence of them - ratio, operator and linearity. And we compare and analyse the theories about decimal fractions of Resnick, Drexel, Brousseau and Hiebert and the contents of texts about decimal fractions in Korea. Finally, we suggest the efficient instruction methods which are faithful to the essence of decimal fractions and choose some methods among them to plan the classroom instruction and implement the methods in the classroom.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.781-790
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• 2012

The HyperGam program was developed for the analysis of complex HPGe ${\gamma}$-ray spectra. The previous version of HyperGam was mainly limited to the analysis of ${\gamma}$-ray peaks and the manual logging of the result. In this study, it is specifically developed into a tool for the isotopic analysis of spectra. The newly developed features include nuclide identification and activity determination. An algorithm for nuclide identification was developed to identify the peaks in the spectrum by considering the yield, efficiency, energy and peak area for the ${\gamma}$-ray lines emitted from the radionuclide. The detailed performance of nuclide identification and activity determination was accessed using the IAEA 2002 set of test spectra. By analyzing the test spectra, the numbers of radionuclides identified truly (true hit), falsely (false hit) or missed (misses) were counted and compared with the results from the IAEA 2002 tests. The determined activities of the radionuclides were also compared for four test spectra of several samples. The result of the performance test is promising in comparison with those of the well-known software packages for ${\gamma}$-ray spectrum analysis.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.511-516
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• 2013

The cases of identification forgery and counterfeiting are increasing under the current identification system, which was established based on social conditions and administrative environments over 20 years ago. This leads to an increase of various criminal acts including illegal loan using fake ID and a number of damages caused out of good intentions that result in interference with the operations of public organizations. In addition, according to the advancement of information society, privacy protection has emerged as an important issue. However, ID card exposes individuals' personal information, such as names, resident registration numbers, photos, addresses and fingerprints, and thus the incidents associated with illegal use of personal information are increasing continuously. Accordingly, this study aimed at examining the issues of ID card forgery/counterfeiting and privacy protection and at proposing a next-generation identification system to supplement such weaknesses. The top priority has been set as prevention of forgery/counterfeiting and privacy protection in order to ensure the most important function of national identification system, which is user identification.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.427-430
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• 2008

Serious controls and cares using ID numbers and barcode needed throughly to have appropriate management in clinical tissues and nucleic acids inventories because these samples are the most essential and important materials in the experimental research laboratories. While almost all of the laboratories using and handling DNA samples as starting materials in their research, problems such as mixing up of two or more different samples together, contamination with other samples, and/or mistakes can occur, especially when it comes with large number of samples. These problems are rather frequent even though researchers pay more attentions to be far away from these obstacles. It has been such a long time since PCR became useful as an important and essential biological research tool among lots of bio-scientific research methods. In this research, we tried to set up a simple and cost-effective genotyping method using PCR and agarose gels, instead of expensive automated machines, for identification and discrimination among those DNA samples, as a kind of low level quality control and sample inventory management.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.847-857
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• 2012

This article is concerned with choice-based conjoint analysis versus rating-based and ranking-based conjoint analysis. Choice-based conjoint analysis has a definite advantage in that the respondent's task of choosing the most preferred profile from several competing profiles adequately mimics consumer marketplace behavior. It is crucial to design the choice sets appropriate for the choice-based conjoint. Thus, this article suggests a new method to design the choice sets that are well-balanced. It augments the balanced incomplete block design and then obtains the dual design of the result to accommodate various numbers of profiles. In consequence, the choice sets designed by the new method have the desirable characteristics that each profile is presented to the same number of respondents, and pairs of any two distinct profiles occur together in the same number of choice sets. The balancing of the design increases the efficiency of the conjoint analysis. In addition, the pair-comparison scheme can improve the quality of data through the identification of contradictory responses.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2008

Because of its capability of automatic identification of objects, RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) technologies have extended their application areas to logistics, healthcare, and food management system. Load balancing is a basic technique for improving scalability of systems by moving loads of overloaded middlewares to under loaded ones. Adaptive load balancing has been known to be effective for distributed systems of a large load variance under unpredictable situations. There are needs for applying load balancing to RFID middlewares because they must efficiently treat vast numbers of RFID tags which are collected from multiple RFID readers. Because there can be a large amount of variance in loads of RFID middlewares which are difficult to predict, it is desirable to consider adaptive load balancing approach for RFID middlewares, which can dynamically choose a proper load balancing strategy depending on the current load. This paper proposes an adaptive load balancing approach for RFID middlewares and presents its design and implementation. First we decide a performance model by a experiment with a real RFID middleware. Then, a set of proper load balancing strategies for high/medium/low system loads is determined from a simulation of various load balancing strategies based on the performance model.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical utility of the Four square step test (FSST) for predicting falls in stroke patients, to compare the ability of the FSST test to discriminate between subgroups of fallers, and to determine if the test has any predictive value in identifying stroke patients who will fall. Methods: Stroke patients (N=37) who could walk at least 50 m with minimal assistance were recruited consecutively when attending a physical therapy session during their rehabilitation. Dynamic standing balance was measured using the FSST. The main outcome measures were FSST time and fall number. Numbers of falls were compared with FSST scores. Differences between the groups in FSST scores were examined using a t-test and 1-way analysis of variance. Post hoc analysis using the Tukey B procedure was used to identify specific group differences. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 15 participants (40.5%) reported falls 6 had recurrent falls (2 falls) and 9 fell once. The mean FSST time differed significantly between groups with zero and multiple falls. A cutoff score of greater than 17 seconds on the FSST was associated with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 84% for the identification of subjects with multiple risk factors for falls. Conclusion: The FSST is a feasible and valid clinical test of dynamic standing balance and can predict falls in post-stroke patients.