• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5D
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• pp.645-654
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• 2009

This study started with necessity of historical spatial planning skills in U-city planning. Though U-city technology and information are very important, U-city development should be considered on the base of various experience of spatial planning. This study explored spatial planning indexes change in the recent newtown plans. In particular, safety and security were intensively analyzed. In addition, many theories on safe urban space, ubiquitous technology, traditional defensible space, and CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) are compared. The findings are as follows. First, each planning is not integrated and there is lack of network among each planning. Specifically, from the crime prevention perspective, there is only mechanical monitoring such as CCTV without architectural approach. Even though CCTV is social needs, it is necessary to adopt it with architectural environment in order to improve the synergy effect of spatial planning and non-spatial planning.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.247-284
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• 2017

Purpose The first purpose of this study is to investigate factors that are likely to influence user's intention to adopt third-party mobile payment platform. A comprehensive study about mobile payment services have used various variables to explain user's use intention based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) or the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Variables such as simplicity, security, costs, relative advantage, individual mobility, subjective norm, trust, satisfaction, attitude towards use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and so on. Among these factors, we expect to find out the most influential factors effecting user's use intention of the third-party mobile payment services. Second, we also examine whether the most influential factors have the same influence to different third-party mobile payment services by conducting comparative study of Alipay and WeChat Pay. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data for this study were collected from Chinese who has the experience using or have used Alipay or WeChat Pay. Participants needed to be familiar with Alipay or WeChat Pay because such users may be more aware of both the advantages and disadvantages of Alipay and WeChat Pay. We conduct a pilot test using Smart PLS 2.0, which includes 50 Alipay users and 82 WeChat Pay users. The result indicates that all the measurement fit for the context. And then 980 questionnaires were mainly sent out to the college students and the e-mails users randomly. To encourage participation, we give the participants a small gift as a present. Finally, we received a total of 683 replied. Data from respondents who gave incomplete or invalid answers were excluded to assure the validity of the constructs. 79 questionnaires were rejected, finally the valid data are 604 (with 372 Alipay users and 232 WeChat Pay users). Findings The results suggest that users' intention is determined by their trust on third-party mobile payment service and perceived usefulness of use. Comparative study results also indicated that the factors have different influence on Alipay group and WeChat Pay group, which offers a new aspect for academic field, and provides useful information to mobile payment service providers in China.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.227-239
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• 2021

The transition into a digital society has been accelerated in many aspects of our everyday social activities, and thereby, the unmanned order and payment system via kiosk has already has been seen commonly throughout the social community. Yet, the majority of the mid-to-elderly population have been experiencing difficulties utilizing this newly emerged unmanned system, resulting in the emergence of digital alienation among those age groups. In regard to this phenomenon, this study is intended to explore ways to improve the digital divide concerning the issues related to the unmanned order payment kiosks. In this process, the study involved close examination of various research perspectives on improving the digital divide and proceeded with the focus on both empirical and literature research on providing education on kiosk utilization. In addition, the study identified the limitations to the current kiosk education and proposed improved kiosk-education software UX that may help curtail the limitations. Through this, one was able to identify areas in which the efficacy of the education applied in kiosk usage and derived new measures that could improve the system. One anticipates having the results of this study put to use as research materials on educational service development to expand the opportunities of kiosk education for those mid-to-elderly age groups who experience a day-to-day digital alienation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.288-295
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• 2021

This study includes online and offline surveys of 255 people conducted from March 11-29, 2021, into women's preferences in esthetic shops, and examines their level of satisfaction with skin and beauty home care. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 to obtain technical statistics such as Cronbach's α and a frequency analysis, and applied a chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. According to the results on preferences in esthetic shops, the largest number of respondents (56.1%) said they use professional esthetic shops, but those in their 20s and office workers (57.1%) preferred dermatology clinics. When choosing esthetic shops, the importance of employee skill (skilled, trendy) was high (38.8%), and in skin care, the importance of knowing basic cosmetics use (M=4.47), such as cleansing and functional cosmetics (M=4.20), was very high. According to results on the current status of home care for skin beauty, other factors of highest importance (M=4.50) were in terms of marriage, being a university graduate (M=3.84), and experience in a service job (M=4.06). As a result, there is a need to develop programs not only specializing in skin beauty but also combining professional esthetic shops and home care.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

This research focuses on the warrants for the Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes (TWLTL). Using a microscopic traffic simulation tool, two key parameters were investigated herewith. One is a wide range of the Design Hourly Volume (DHV), reflective of recent Korean roadway volume characteristics, that is conventionally reduced from the Average Daily Traffic (ADT). The other is driveway spacing, the length of the middle-lane section where two conflicting left-turn demands often compete for space. In addition, unlike previous researches, the way and the procedure the TWLTL operation is realized in the VISSIM S/W with its add-on application such as VISVAP is clearly stated and described in detail. According to the result of simulations for 10 volume scenarios, as expected, the higher the volume level is, the more delay the left-tuner experience. The Level Of Service (LOS) for most cases was in the range of C and D based on the non-signalized intersection LOS criteria. Furthermore, the TWLTL was found operable up to the volume level of 1,116 and 1,860 vph in heavy direction (equivalent of volume level 7) for 3-lane and 5-lane facility respectively, which covers significant portion of existing two to four-lane highway volumes in Korea.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.170-184
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• 2022

The Riparian Buffer Zone(RBZ) is a sustainable social-ecological system created in the middle zone between water and land. For the RBZ, close communication with the local community is important, and it is necessary to promote it as a communicative environmental planning process. In this study, for the RBZ project, three strategies are presented as a communicative act to understand and implement planning. First, government-led projects were avoided and improved to a process in which citizens and stakeholders participated together, centered on local partnership. Second, it was intended to introduce design criterias in terms of enhancing the function of ecosystem services that citizens can sympathize with, and to increase acceptance and awareness through the planning of preferred spaces and facilities. Third, after a balanced plan for habitats, water cycle-based ecological environment, ecological experience and open space, citizens felt the restoration effect and value as an ecological resources, and a system was prepared to participate in the operation and management. This study will work as a process model based on citizens's participation. In addition, it will be possible to provide lessons for the change of the policy paradigm for the RBZ and the implementation of similar projects in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2014

In this study, ICT medical service provider's level of knowledge fire fighting safety and methods on coping with fires in the regions of Gwangju and Jeonam Province of Korea were investigated to determine the elements affecting such levels and provide basic information on the manuals for educating how to cope with the fire fighting safety in medical facilities. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win 14.0. The scores of level of knowledge fire fighting safety of ICT medical service provider's were 7.06(10 point scale), and the scores of level of recognizing how to cope with fire fighting safety were 6.61(11 point scale). level of recognizing how to cope with fire fighting safety were significantly different according to gender(t=4.12, p<.001), age(${\chi}^2$=17.24, p<.001), length of career(${\chi}^2$=22.76, p<.001), experience with fire fighting safety education(t=6.10, p<.001), level of subjective knowledge on fire fighting safety(${\chi}^2$=53.83, p<.001). In order to enhance the level of understanding of fire fighting safety and methods of coping by the ICT medical service providers it is found that: self-directed learning through avoiding the education just conveying knowledge by lecture tailored learning for individuals fire fighting education focused on experiencing actual work by developing various contents emphasizing cooperative learning deploying patients by classification systems using simulations and a study on the implementation of digital anti-fire monitoring system with multipoint communication protocol, a design and development of the smoke detection system using infra-red laser for fire detection in the wide space, video based fire detection algorithm using gaussian mixture mode developing an education manual for coping with fire fighting safety through multi learning approach at the medical facilities are required.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The dual security system that manages user's account information and uses NFC and OTP has been proposed. It also enhances the security of the user authentication phase by using the features that recognize within the range of less than 1m of NFC and the high security of NFC itself. During the graduation work design process which was carried out for one year and six months in a group of two in the electronics engineering major of the four-year undergraduate system was conducted. In the interim results, we participated in the conferences and thesis contest at the Institute of related to major for three times. Finally passed the examination process for three times judged by 6 professors in the major. The results were published in a graduation thesis together with other people who passed and composed in thesis form. Through the experience gained through these stages of design and production, it has gained the confidence to gain employment opportunities and actively pursue the growth stage, and presented a methodology to practice engineering education through employment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences and satisfaction of each purchase behavior by classifying cosmeceutical and medical cosmetics. A total of 861 questionnaires were distributed to males in their 20s to 50s (from 1 march 2017). A total of 446 respondents with experience using cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics used as the final analysis material. According to the study, the term recognition for cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics was very low. The differences in each purchase behavior were not statistically significant. but cosmeceutical cosmetic products have been found to have a significant impact on quality, price, container design, and service satisfaction among purchase preference factors (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), In particular, it was found that satisfaction with quality was the greatest. Medical cosmetics have been found to have a significant positive (+) effect on brand image, price, and container design among purchase preference factors (p<0.01, p<0.001), It was also found to have the biggest satisfaction with the brand image. Based on the results of this study, The features of cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics are subdivided. It has been deemed necessary to develop differentiated products according to each purchase behavior and preference.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.109-131
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• 2014

As the demand of nuclear power plant equipment is continuously growing worldwide, the importance of handling nuclear strategic materials is also increasing. While the number of cases submitted for the exports of nuclear-power commodity and technology is dramatically increasing, preadjudication (or prescreening to be simple) of strategic materials has been done so far by experts of a long-time experience and extensive field knowledge. However, there is severe shortage of experts in this domain, not to mention that it takes a long time to develop an expert. Because human experts must manually evaluate all the documents submitted for export permission, the current practice of nuclear material export is neither time-efficient nor cost-effective. Toward alleviating the problem of relying on costly human experts only, our research proposes a new system designed to help field experts make their decisions more effectively and efficiently. The proposed system is built upon case-based reasoning, which in essence extracts key features from the existing cases, compares the features with the features of a new case, and derives a solution for the new case by referencing similar cases and their solutions. Our research proposes a framework of case-based reasoning system, designs a case-based reasoning system for the control of nuclear material exports, and evaluates the performance of alternative keyword extraction methods (full automatic, full manual, and semi-automatic). A keyword extraction method is an essential component of the case-based reasoning system as it is used to extract key features of the cases. The full automatic method was conducted using TF-IDF, which is a widely used de facto standard method for representative keyword extraction in text mining. TF (Term Frequency) is based on the frequency count of the term within a document, showing how important the term is within a document while IDF (Inverted Document Frequency) is based on the infrequency of the term within a document set, showing how uniquely the term represents the document. The results show that the semi-automatic approach, which is based on the collaboration of machine and human, is the most effective solution regardless of whether the human is a field expert or a student who majors in nuclear engineering. Moreover, we propose a new approach of computing nuclear document similarity along with a new framework of document analysis. The proposed algorithm of nuclear document similarity considers both document-to-document similarity (${\alpha}$) and document-to-nuclear system similarity (${\beta}$), in order to derive the final score (${\gamma}$) for the decision of whether the presented case is of strategic material or not. The final score (${\gamma}$) represents a document similarity between the past cases and the new case. The score is induced by not only exploiting conventional TF-IDF, but utilizing a nuclear system similarity score, which takes the context of nuclear system domain into account. Finally, the system retrieves top-3 documents stored in the case base that are considered as the most similar cases with regard to the new case, and provides them with the degree of credibility. With this final score and the credibility score, it becomes easier for a user to see which documents in the case base are more worthy of looking up so that the user can make a proper decision with relatively lower cost. The evaluation of the system has been conducted by developing a prototype and testing with field data. The system workflows and outcomes have been verified by the field experts. This research is expected to contribute the growth of knowledge service industry by proposing a new system that can effectively reduce the burden of relying on costly human experts for the export control of nuclear materials and that can be considered as a meaningful example of knowledge service application.