• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

The effect of storage temperature on the quality and antioxidative activity Whangseoke sauce was studied over a period of 240 days. Fermented Whangseoke with $25\%$ salt were stored at $25^{\circ}C$. The quality change and antioxidant activity of Whangseoke in linoleic acid emulsion was evaluated with various parameters including acids values, peroxide values, TBA values, reducing sugar, brown color intensity, electron donating ability and reducing power at various time intervals for 240 days of storage. In general, it was observed, in all sample, that peroxide values, brown color intensity, electron donating ability and reducing power gradually increased, while reducing sugar decreased during storage at $25^{\circ}C$. The antioxidative activities of fermented Whangseoke were determined on tile linoleic acid emulsion system. The results showed that Whangseoke had antioxidant activity. These results suggest that antioxidant activity of Whangseoke seemed to influence by Maillard reaction products during the storage periods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.738-746
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• 2006

Aroma compounds in four different Byeolmijang made from optional ingredient addition were extracted by SDE (simultaneous steam distillation extraction) and analyzed with GC (gas chromatography) and GC/MS (mass-spectrometry). The major aroma compounds in the four different Byeolmijang during aging were 1-octene-3-ol, hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, fufural, pyrazine, furan and phenol type compounds. Generally, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, fufural and phenol type compounds were increased during aging. On the other hand, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal and furan were decreased during aging. Furfural, 2-furanmathanol and benzeneacetaldehyde in Sanghwangjang, 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenol and 1H-indole in Mujang, hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol and 2,4-decadienal in Bizijang and hexanal, tetramethylpyrazine and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in Jigeumjang were identified as major aroma compounds, respectively. Generally, the major aroma compound in four different Byeolmijang with optional ingredient was similar with control and pyrazine, furan and phenol type compounds were decreased to addition with optional ingredient. The major aroma compound in Sanghwangjang with optional ingredient (onion) were 1-hexanol and 2,5-dimethylthiophene and the major aroma compounds were 1,2,4-trithiolane and 2-buthyl-2-octenal in Mujang with optional ingredient (Letinus edodes). Furfural, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, 1,2,4-trithiolane and lenthionine were detected in Bizijang due to the addition of powdered Letinus edodes. Linaool and ${\beta}-lonone$ were detected in Jigeumjang due to the addition of powdered red pepper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.801-808
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to measure customer orientation of dietitians engaged in contract foodservice management companies, and to examine the impacts of personal characteristics and organizational characteristics on the customer orientation of dietitians. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 230 dietitians of contract foodservice management companies, including 4 major companies, in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. A total of 187 (81.3%) questionnaires were used for analysis, and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Win 11.5) for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-test and ANOVA. The average customer orientation score of the dietitians was 3.77 (SD=0.40) and it seemed that most respondents evaluated themselves as customer-oriented. Further analyses revealed significant differences in customer orientation among different position (p<0.05) and payroll (p<0.01) groups.'Type of menu' also affected the customer orientation (p<0.01). Overall, it is needed to design efficient training programs that improve service skills and customer orientation of dietitians, and the understandings on variables affecting customer orientation would help it.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

Purpose - This study was conducted to develop a beekeeping farm management standard checklist. This is essential to increase the competitive power of beekeeping farmers. Checklists in relation to crops and livestock were established by the Rural Development Administration in the 2000s. To date, 60 checklists have been created by crop and livestock experts. However, other farmers outside the 60 checklists are increasing. Therefore, extra development is required for these farmers. This study was conducted to meet farmers' requirements. The special farming dealt with in this study is beekeeping. Such checklists were not developed due to the small number of beekeeping farmers. However, these days, a number of such farmers are emerging. Research design, data, and methodology - Many related experts participated in this study. This study was conducted in four stages. First, a basic outline of beekeeping was created by surveying many kinds of beekeeping experts. The draft of the beekeeping checklist was created by a secondary advisory council. This draft was then sent to 14 beekeeping experts to confirm whether or not it was suitable as a management checklist. For collecting the experts' opinions, a direct visit survey was done through an arranged questionnaire. Additionally, a basic management checklist blueprint was reviewed by many experts. In the third stage, a Delphi survey method was utilized with a special Delphi questionnaire. In this stage, experts who participated in the first and second stages were excluded. As there were uncertain answers among them, a second Delphi survey was done. As a result of this survey, all answers were agreed among them. Results - From the results of this survey, four subjects in the management accomplishment index were determined. These are farming scale, average product per beehive, the sale price of honey (1kg), and the number of bee plates in the beehive. In the case of the management checklist content, five items were determined. These are beekeeping farming facilities, the environment around the farm land and general management, the product management of the beekeeping harvest, the management of the disease and pest, and farming management. This checklist will be utilized for beekeeping farmers to implement in a management situation. Conclusions - These days, the number of beekeeping farmers is increasing. The management checklist for beekeeping farmers will be used to improve their farming situation and marketing. Beekeeping farmers can understand their management by reviewing their checklist. After checking, the situation of management can be analyzed. Farmers can supplement weaknesses with expert advice. This checklist will be used by agricultural technique extension workers for farming management consulting. This checklist has to be complemented by a change in the management of the environment. This checklist will be delivered to beekeeping farmers after a verification survey is done. The result of the checklist score will be utilized for a benchmarking service to be implemented for beekeeping farmers to utilize.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.85-116
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze conditions that robots depicted in cinematographic works like animations or movies sympathize with and form an attachment with the nuclear person and organize characterizing strategies for emotional sympathetic robots. Along with the development of technology, the areas of artificial intelligence and robots are no longer considered to belong to science fiction but as realistic issues. Therefore, this author assumes that the expressive characteristics of emotional sympathetic robots created by cinematographic works should be used as meaningful factors in expressively embodying human-friendly service robots to be distributed widely afterwards, that is, in establishing the features of characters. To lay the grounds for it, this research has begun. As the subjects of analysis, this researcher has chosen robot characters whose emotional intimacy with the main person is clearly observed among those found in movies and animations produced after the 1920 when robot's contemporary concept was declared. Also, to understand robots' appearance and behavioral tendency, this study (1) has classified robots' external impressions into five types (human-like, cartoon, tool-like, artificial bring, pet or creature) and (2) has classified behavioral tendencies considered to be the outer embodiment of personality by using DiSC, the tool to diagnose behavioral patterns. Meanwhile, it has been observed that robots equipped with high emotional intimacy are all strongly independent about their duties and indicate great emotional acceptance. Therefore, 'influence' and 'Steadiness' types show great emotional acceptance, the influencing type tends to be highly independent, and the 'Conscientiousness' type tends to indicate less emotional acceptance and independency in general. Yet, according to the analysis on external impressions, appearance factors hardly have any significant relationship with emotional sympathy. It implies that regarding the conditions of robots equipped with great emotional sympathy, emotional sympathy grounded on communication exerts more crucial effects than first impression similarly to the process of forming interpersonal relationship in reality. Lastly, to study the characters of robots, it is absolutely needed to have consilient competence embracing different areas widely. This author also has felt that only with design factors or personality factors, it is hard to estimate robot characters and also analyze a vast amount of information demanded in sympathy with humans entirely. However, this researcher will end this thesis as the foundation for it expecting that the general artistic value of animations can be used preciously afterwards in developing robots that have to be studied interdisciplinarily.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2018

We selected eight resistant cultivars including 'Heukryongsamcheok', 'Heukgeumsolsamcheok' and 'Gangryeoksamcheok' showing high suppressive effect against cucumber downy mildew (CDM) through plastic film house and field trials in spring and autumn season in 2015. Of them, these three varieties, 'Heukryongsamcheok', 'Heukgeumsolsamcheok' and 'Gangryeoksamcheok' were used to evaluated suppressive effect against CDM by comparing disease severity (area under disease development progress curve, AUDPC) with those of three susceptible varieties under plastic film house condition. AUDPC of three resistant cultivars was in the range of 10.9 to 23.6, meanwhile those of three susceptible cultivars was in the range of 286.7 to 290.3. Consequently, we confirmed that cultivation of the selected resistant cultivars can reduce CDM in vivo. When disease severity (diseased leaf area) was investigated on a resistant cultivar ('Heukryongsamcheok') sprayed without any organic materials and susceptible cultivars sprayed single-, two times- and three times with Bordeaux mixture, sulfur-loess mixture and $Kocide^R$ (copper hydroxide), respectively, it was the lowest in the resistant cultivar plot compared to susceptible cultivar plots sprayed with any organic materials. In addition, we evaluated control effect of the selected resistant cultivar by comparing that of organic materials including lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture and garlic extract. As a result, Bordeaux mixture showed the highest control effect against CDM. AUDPC of Bordeaux mixture, resistant cultivar, lime sulfur, garlic extract and untreated control was 3.9, 10.6, 95.6, 24.9, and 258.7, respectively. Based on the above-mentioned results, we think that the resistant cultivars and Bordeaux mixture can be effectively used to control CDM as one of control measures under the farmhouse condition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2020

Since swine wastewater contains high concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals, it deteriorates water quality when discharged. Compared to conventional methods, bioremediation can be a promising method for its treatment. Specifically, microalgae have the potential to remove these pollutants. In this study, the removal of nutrients (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) and heavy metals (copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)) from swine wastewater by Ankistrodesmus bibraianus was evaluated and the organism's optimal growth conditions were investigated. The optimal growth conditions were established at 28℃, pH 7, and light and dark cycles of 14:10 h. The removal efficiencies of N and P by a single treatment (500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 mg L^-1) ranged from 22.9 to 80.6% and from 11.9 to 50.0%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of N and P in the binary treatments ranged from 16.4 to 58.3% and from 7.80 to 49.8%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn by a single treatment(10, 30, and 50 mg L^-1) ranged from 15.5 to 81.5% and from 6.28 to 34.3%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn in the binary treatments ranged from 16.7 to 74.5% and from 5.58 to 27.5%, respectively. In addition, the study showed the optimal growth conditions for microalgae and the removal efficiency of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu and Zn), which could be applied to swine wastewater. Based on the results in this study, it appears that Ankistrodesmus bibraianus could be used for the removal of nutrients and heavy metals present in swine wastewater.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to know whether or not any wrongful description or simple errors were in photosynthesis unit of Biology II textbook under 7th national curriculum and if so, to know whether or not high school teachers recognized and corrected properly the mistakes. The mistakes in photosynthesis unit of text books were determined by the comparison with several reference books and through examination by three plant physiologists in 8 different Biology II textbooks. After the mistakes were analysed, the survey using contents of textbook containing the mistakes was conducted on high school teachers teaching Biology II. As a result, 48 mistakes were determined in 13 subjects. As many as four mistakes were found even in one subject in a certain textbook and a same mistake was found repeatedly in several textbooks. The survey result showed that the teachers who pointed exactly the mistakes out corrected properly, however, the percentage of these ones out of 35 teachers replied to survey was less than 50%. The ratios of correction out of total number of responses were high in question #6 (43%), #4-3 (40%), and #1-2 (32%) which were containing a simple mistake in graph, a wrong word and a wrong picture, respectively. But, no one pointed out and made correction in question #5-1 and #5-2 which were containing Z scheme of light reaction without the legend of vertical axis that should be explained as electron energy or standard reduction potential. The result indicates the possibility that the mistakes in photosynthesis unit of Biology II textbook can be corrected and teached properly by teachers may be low. In order to reduce the possibility that students may have misconceptions about photosynthesis, the list of print's errors should be provided to the teachers and/or the training program and/or workshop for in-service high school biology teachers was recommended.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.155-175
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• 2009

RFID that provide automatic identification by reading a tag attached to material through radio frequency without direct touch has some specification, such as rapid identification, long distance identification and penetration, so it is being used for distribution, transportation and safety by using the frequency of 125KHz, 134KHz, 13.56MHz, 433.92MHz, 900MHz, and 2.45GHz. Also it is one of main part of Ubiquitous that means connecting to net-work any time and any place they want. RFID is expected to be new growth industry worldwide, so Korean government think it as prospective field and promote research project and exhibition business program to linked with industry effectively. RFID could be used for access control of person and vehicle according to section and for personal certify with password. RFID can provide more confident security than magnetic card, so it could be used to prevent forgery of register card, passport and the others. Active RFID could be used for protecting operation service using it's long distance date transmission by application with positioning system. And RFID's identification and tracking function can provide effective visitor management through visitor's register, personal identification, position check and can control visitor's movement in the secure area without their approval. Also RFID can make possible of the efficient management and prevention of loss of carrying equipments and others. RFID could be applied to copying machine to manager and control it's user, copying quantity and It could provide some function such as observation of copy content, access control of user. RFID tag adhered to small storage device prevent carrying out of item using the position tracking function and control carrying-in and carrying-out of material efficiently. magnetic card and smart card have been doing good job in identification and control of person, but RFID can do above functions. RFID is very useful device but we should consider the prevention of privacy during its application.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of pork meat quality characteristics exposed to ozone gas for 5, 10, and 15 min and then vacuum packaged during storage for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 day at $4^{\circ}C$. The ozone gas exposed groups of pork loin cuts (OZM) had slightly higher pH value compared to the control at day 0 and 5 (p<0.01). The 15 min exposure of ozone gas groups showed significantly (p<0.01) higher TBARS value than that of control at the day 15 and 20. However, there was no significant difference in all groups at day 0,5, and 10. The CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of OZM showed no significant difference between control and ozone gas treated groups during storage. The loin cut color of ozone gas exposure for 15 min had significantly lower CIE $a^*$ values than the other groups at day 0,5, and 15 (p<0.01). The aerobic plate count and coliform bacteria count of pork loin cuts exposed ozone gas significantly (p<0.01) was reduced at day 0 by about $0.45-1.04\;log_{10}CFU/g$ and $0.26-0.30\;log_{10}CFU/g$, respectively. As ozone gas exposure time extended, the aerobic plate count and coliform bacteria count of OZM were increased at day 0, 5, and 10 (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences observed among groups at day 20 in the counts of aerobic and coliform bacteria. In conclusion, the meat cuts exposed to ozone gas for 5 and 10 min before packing may be a reasonable packing method regarding the effects of ozone level on meat oxidation, color change and microbial reduction.