• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2000

Recently, reinforced concrete structures exposed to severe enviroment are increased in metropolitan area. The acid rain and CO2 penetrated towad rebar, thus rebar corrosion occurred. The corrosion of rebar in concrete is, as in most corrosion processes, an electrochemical nature. The corrosion may severely affect on durability and service life of such a concrete structures. This study was performed for the purpose of acquiring data about corrosion condition and considering a countermeasure to prevent rebar from corroding due to carbonation of concrete. An accelerated car bonation testing procedure was applied to measure the evolution of carbonation and rebar corrosion with time for various water-binder ratios and cement types.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.624-631
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• 2010

Effective traffic matrix estimation is the basis of efficient traffic engineering, and therefore, quality of service provision support in IP networks. In this study, traffic matrix estimation is investigated in IP networks and an Elman neural network-based traffic matrix inference (ENNTMI) method is proposed. In ENNTMI, the conventional Elman neural network is modified to capture the spatio-temporal correlations and the time-varying property, and certain side information is introduced to help estimate traffic matrix in a network accurately. The regular parameter is further introduced into the optimal equation. Thus, the highly ill-posed nature of traffic matrix estimation is overcome effectively and efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-269
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• 1997

This study has been surveyed the establishment and operation of nature observation facilities in the urban ecological open space of Eastern Area, Japan. Major nature observation facilities were visitor centers, nature trails and environmental facilities of nature trail. Also, interpretation as an approach to communicating and understanding of nature was progressed variously in study sites. Interpreters were park rangers and naturalists and volunteers. Major activities of the volunteers were the interpretation, environmental management and monitoring, and communication paper publication. The education materials for self-guiding of ecological open space were from two types to four types. In the advertisement methods, the advertisement through the notice paper of metropolitan, city, and destrict was the most and internet homepage, electronic communication bullentin of district, cable TV, and fax service were utilized in the four survey sites.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.101-125
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• 2020

This study was conducted to derive a management technology model based on the new management framework established in previous studies. The management technology sector, which occupies most of the existing business administration, is defined as a technical division in new management. In this study, the theory of management technology based on the service philosophy of the service economy era was presented. The structure of new business, which is the basis of new management technology, is presented first, the service philosophy of the service economy era where management is performed, and then the management technology model based on service philosophy is presented. The management technology model was derived on the basis of immutable axioms. After presenting new management axioms based on common human ideology and nature and human nature, a management technology model was presented based on axioms. On the basis of the axioms, a new dialectical development model was developed as a model for the dialectical development that maintains a tight balance and a fierce interaction between two opposing parties based on the structure and operation model of service philosophy. In addition to the overall organizational management model, a management function model and a management expansion model were presented. Each detailed technique is presented as a model for dialectical development of opposing confrontations. Management technology is a dynamic technology that is constantly changing, and is an overall technology that takes into account various situations and viewpoints. This study has significance as a basic study to overcome the limitations of the existing static management technology and develop dynamic management technology. Future research requires empirical analytical studies on new management technology models.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of responsive teaching method for pre-service teachers in Chemistry Education Department of H University. We designed three steps for the discussions: foregrounding the substance of learners' ideas, recognizing the disciplinary connections within learners' ideas, taking up and pursing the substance of thinking. In the step of foregrounding the substance of learners' ideas, we analyzed the questionnaires conducted by the 20 pre-service teachers to understand the nature of their ideas about evaporation and boiling. Among them, five pre-service teachers were selected to recognize the disciplinary connections within learners' ideas. Through these steps, the pre-service teachers have grasped the nature of their thinking about evaporation and boiling, and have experienced the process of modifying or expanding the frames of thought by the disciplinary connections within learners' ideas. In addition, the pre-service teachers directly perceived the effect of the responsive teaching method by experiencing dynamic changes of their conceptions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate inservice elementary teachers' view and the change of preservice elementary teachers' view on the nature of science by the science education course. The subjects were 386 junior preservice teachers in a National University of Education and 257 inservice teachers working in a metropolitan city. An instrument consisting of fifty eight items were developed on the bases of previous studies. Before entering the course, preservice teachers view was compared by gender with T-test and no significant differences were found except the category 'role of a scientist'. Preservice teachers view was also compared by major with ANOVA and significant differences were found on the categories 'scientific method' and 'scientific law'. After the course, on comparing their view by gender, significant differences were found on the categories 'scientific theory', 'scientific knowledge', and 'scientific law'. The result of ANOVA by major, significant differences were found except the category 'role of a scientist'. Inservice teachers view was compared by gender and major and the differences were no significant, the significant differences, however, were founded in comparing by career and ability.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.314-328
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine Korean preservice science teachers' understanding of the nature of science (NOS). Thirty-one Korean preservice teachers were given an open-ended questionnaire about their understanding of NOS. The Korean preservice teachers' responses were categorized according to pattern and theme. These findings will provide information to aid in the development of curriculum and instruction to improve preservice teachers' understanding of NOS. Compared to in previous studies, Korean preservice teachers demonstrated various philosophical stances that have been suggested by philosophers of science. In addition, they were more likely to connect science to human endeavors and social needs. These results were interpreted in relation to the influence of the science methods course, secondary science curriculum, and the traditional cultural view.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze expenditure on children's private, after-school education, perceptional need for private education, and budget planning pattern for the expenditure of education applying survey data, and to investigate current situation to Identify solving planning for digital age. taking on-line educational service system and internet financial planning for children's educational expenditure into account. Under the purposes, this study especially focused on the condition of on-line educational service system and the merits as well as problems of the system, the need for household financial planning for children's education, and the condition or nature of internet financial planning system, in terms of providing market information and of suggesting policy implications.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to : (i) characterize and differentiate between two different periods of baby boomers, (ii) study the utilization of their health care services, and (iii) establish effective ways of providing better health service utilization and preventive policy strategies for upcoming and older generations. Methods : A multiple regression analysis using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and dummy variables was utilized to access the presence of correlations between socio-demographic factors and health care service utilization. Results : Medical insurance type, marital status, and chronic disease were factors that influenced health care service utilization. Furthermore, the factors that influenced individual medical expenses were cohabitation, inpatient days, and chronic disease. Conclusions : Primary findings and exploratory statistics revealed that there were strong correlations and interaction among some of the predictor variables. Because of the chronologically limited nature of the sample data set gathered in 2012, it would be helpful to continue to develop or research related constructs that may capture relationships more effectively among extended populations.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2007

This study focuses on surveying and examining the beliefs of elementary pre-service and in-service teachers about science and science education. The instrument consisted of 21 items about science and science education on a 5-Likert scale(score range from 1 to 5). The one contained science knowledge and scientific invention, and the other contained science teacher, learning science and science learning and teaching. Data were collected from 76 pre-service and 96 in-service elementary teachers(24 male and 148 female). The elementary pre-service and in-service teachers had higher level belief about that science knowledge should be acquired by sequential scientific process, the beliefs of in-service teachers was more explicit than those of pre-service teachers. They had beliefs to educate learners by providing scientific joyfulness and sequential scientific process. But, in-service teachers had difficulties to perform scientific process-based activities. It is necessary to provide scientific experiences to understand the nature of science in pre-service and in-service programs.