• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.78-89
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• 2022

Super - Bus Rapid Transit (S-BRT), adding the advantages of urban railroads to BRT, has emerged to solve the problem of low speed and reliability of the existing BRT. Notably, the S-BRT driveway is classified into exclusive lanes and roads, as BRT, in the domestic guidelines. However, S-BRT and BRT have different operating goals and characteristics, so it is necessary to systematize the S-BRT driveway. Therefore, this study classified an S-BRT driveway into exclusive lane, shared lane with overtaking lane, and shared lane without overtaking lane based on domestic conditions. Subsequently, a control strategy for transit signal priority in each driveway was presented by the study based on the characteristics of the driveway to achieve the S-BRT target service level. Finally, the S-BRT target service level was almost achieved, and the travel speed was high and increased in the order respectively in the exclusive lane, shared lane with overtaking lane, and shared lane without overtaking lane in the study. Hence, it is important to operate a transit signal priority considering the characteristics of each driveway when operating the S-BRT. In essence, this study is expected to be used as a reference for driveway design and transit signal priority operation when introducing S-BRT in each local government in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-91
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• 2007

This study is aimed to analyze the impact of the perception of fairness on the relationship quality as a way to enhance the competitiveness through the establishment of a long-term relationship between food service franchisors and franchisees. An empirical analysis found that the more positively the fairness of franchisors is recognized, the more positive impact it has on the relationship quality. As both the distributive fairness and the procedural fairness, the two concepts of fairness, are perceived in a more positive manner, the trust and satisfaction over franchisers were found to be higher, with the conflict shown to be lower. Though both the distributive fairness and the procedural fairness showed a significant result, the procedural fairness, in particular, has a greater impact on the trust and satisfaction over franchisers than the distributive fairness. In addition, the quality of relationship between franchisor and franchisees has a positive impact on a long-term commitment. That is that as their trust and satisfaction over franchisors are higher with less conflict, franchisees will become more cooperative with their franchisors. The greatest impact on the long-term unity, among the factors that constitute the relationship quality, appeared to be trust. Accordingly, it is advisable persons in charge at franchisors place the greatest focus on fostering trust to establish a long-term relationship, inducing it in a positive direction. From such result, suggestions can be made in establishing a strategy for developing an appropriate relationship between food service franchisors and franchisees. Firstly, persons in charge at food service franchisors will have to induce the perception of franchisors' procedural fairness by franchisees in a positive direction in order to enhance the Quality of relationship with franchisees. Secondly, as an alternative strategy for forming a long-term relationship between franchisors and franchisees, the effort should be made to foster a greater trust in franchisors first. In many cases, franchisors currently focus more on their convenience in management than the development of systems to satisfy the franchisee needs. This contravenes with the essence of relationship marketing and thus, it can be said it is the most important of all that focus should be directed at trust and fairness in the effort toward a sustained relationship between franchisors and franchisees in the future.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Currently, social interest in post-cremation funerals is growing due to the establishment of cremation culture. In addition, as awareness of nature-friendly funeral methods spreads in modern times, the demand for tree burial grounds and tree groves, which are representative natural burial methods, is increasing. However, if the current method of relying on trees is used, the forest burial may damage the forest and turn it into another cemetery. The tree decoration is a funeral method that contains the temporal meaning of humans returning to the space of nature that we have, and the philosophical meaning that humans return in compliance with nature. Like this, there are quite a few concerns. Even though tree burials are not the traditional burial facilities we are familiar with, many of the facilities and operating systems adopt the standards of park cemeteries and have stricter standards and restrictions than natural burials under the law. This rigidity is intended to preserve the forest, but the reality is that it limits the expansion and operation of tree plantations. To this end, this study seeks to find specific improvement measures for sustainable tree plantation operation. To this end, we look at the types of natural fields in foreign countries and find directions for tree planting that can be effectively applied and established in accordance with the sentiments of the people. Specific improvement measures include an enshrinement method that does not rely on memorial trees, the operation of anonymous or anonymous tree planting, a change in the method of visiting and commemorating, and various mountaineering methods, thereby suggesting alternatives to sustainable tree planting in Korea. The place where tree planting is implemented is the forest, that is, the forest itself. I should be a place where the spirit of natural return, which is the essence of the deceased, can be celebrated through the forest, not a funeral facility. By doing so, it will be possible to provide the public value of the forest, that is, the social function of the forest, in the name of an eco-friendly funeral service.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.109-131
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• 2014

As the demand of nuclear power plant equipment is continuously growing worldwide, the importance of handling nuclear strategic materials is also increasing. While the number of cases submitted for the exports of nuclear-power commodity and technology is dramatically increasing, preadjudication (or prescreening to be simple) of strategic materials has been done so far by experts of a long-time experience and extensive field knowledge. However, there is severe shortage of experts in this domain, not to mention that it takes a long time to develop an expert. Because human experts must manually evaluate all the documents submitted for export permission, the current practice of nuclear material export is neither time-efficient nor cost-effective. Toward alleviating the problem of relying on costly human experts only, our research proposes a new system designed to help field experts make their decisions more effectively and efficiently. The proposed system is built upon case-based reasoning, which in essence extracts key features from the existing cases, compares the features with the features of a new case, and derives a solution for the new case by referencing similar cases and their solutions. Our research proposes a framework of case-based reasoning system, designs a case-based reasoning system for the control of nuclear material exports, and evaluates the performance of alternative keyword extraction methods (full automatic, full manual, and semi-automatic). A keyword extraction method is an essential component of the case-based reasoning system as it is used to extract key features of the cases. The full automatic method was conducted using TF-IDF, which is a widely used de facto standard method for representative keyword extraction in text mining. TF (Term Frequency) is based on the frequency count of the term within a document, showing how important the term is within a document while IDF (Inverted Document Frequency) is based on the infrequency of the term within a document set, showing how uniquely the term represents the document. The results show that the semi-automatic approach, which is based on the collaboration of machine and human, is the most effective solution regardless of whether the human is a field expert or a student who majors in nuclear engineering. Moreover, we propose a new approach of computing nuclear document similarity along with a new framework of document analysis. The proposed algorithm of nuclear document similarity considers both document-to-document similarity (${\alpha}$) and document-to-nuclear system similarity (${\beta}$), in order to derive the final score (${\gamma}$) for the decision of whether the presented case is of strategic material or not. The final score (${\gamma}$) represents a document similarity between the past cases and the new case. The score is induced by not only exploiting conventional TF-IDF, but utilizing a nuclear system similarity score, which takes the context of nuclear system domain into account. Finally, the system retrieves top-3 documents stored in the case base that are considered as the most similar cases with regard to the new case, and provides them with the degree of credibility. With this final score and the credibility score, it becomes easier for a user to see which documents in the case base are more worthy of looking up so that the user can make a proper decision with relatively lower cost. The evaluation of the system has been conducted by developing a prototype and testing with field data. The system workflows and outcomes have been verified by the field experts. This research is expected to contribute the growth of knowledge service industry by proposing a new system that can effectively reduce the burden of relying on costly human experts for the export control of nuclear materials and that can be considered as a meaningful example of knowledge service application.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is aimed at understanding the volunteers' experiences and interactions with their corresponding teams during their participation in hospice care. More specifically, the study is to contribute policy-wise to development of hospice care in Korea by helping policy-makers and organizers and managers of hospice care provides better understand the importance of the meaning and roles of volunteers in hospice care. Methods: In-depth interviews and participant observation were performed with study participants who were selected from four different types of hospice agencies. Study analysis was conducted using "case study" as one of the rigorous qualitative research methods to develop "inter-" and "intra-" comparisons among the study participants. Results: Volunteers in hospice care were initially motivated by religion and faith, and the motivation grew stronger through the volunteer experiences. They emphasized that the essence of the hospice volunteering was motivation from religion and faith and something they do for themselves. They characterized their experience as a true service that is offered for free and a job that requires expertise. In addition, they achieved personal (internal) growth by reflecting on the meaning of "good death" and better understood the importance of respecting spiritual diversity. Conclusions: This study could help hospice officials offers better understand hospice volunteers' role and their importance. The study also provide practical implications and policy suggestions.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2006

Background and purpose: Well being which emphasizes peace of mind and richness of spirit, has been already used from several thousands years ago, as the name of Yangsaeng(養生) when we regard it in the view point of oriental medicine. Yangsaeng means a person's daily life according to natural rules in order to compensate his essence qi spirit(精氣神) and to prevent and cure his disease for his long life, and there are environment, spirit, qigong, food, dwelling labor, sleeping and sexual intercourse as its methods. But in Korea, we are mainly using the health and concept of the health management and use of it, with the one developed in Western. Thus, in this study, literature study was made for the situation of research and feature of Yangsaeng method. Among them, I tried to study mainly on adapting method of Exercise Yangsaeng and its possibility which can derive harmonious development of Spirit and body for human body, in the view point of identity(整體觀). Methods: Diploma thesis and words of 'Yangsaeng', 'exercise cure', 'exercise therapy', and 'exercise prescription', in 'KERIS(Korea Education & Research Iformation Service).' Results and conclusion: In this study, in order to adapt oriental method of Yangsaeng to the reality, I selected and researched only Exercise Yangsaeng among various Yangsaeng methods including environment, spirit, qigong, food, dwelling labor, sleeping and sexual intercourse. The Exercise Yangsaeng has its advantage that it ran train both mind and body as well as it has various programs, but it is regarded at it is in need of more study as lows; First, it requires assessment on the effect of construction itself as well as degree management of Excercise Yangsaeng as a method of exercise which is being done in daily life or in the literature. Second, above all, standardization of Yangsaeng Exercise and specialized programs are required in order to introduce the Exercise Yangsaeng which was verified for its effect, to the cure of disease. Third, researches are required for the system of assessment management for measurement of relative effect of standardized programs. fourth, continuous compensation is required in the future by adapting researched and developed programs into the field.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2000

The Necessity and Purpose of the Study Recently the number of patients with chronic diseases and the aged patients is increasing steadily. Furthermore, due to the expansion of health insurance system, the number of patients hospitalized in the general hospital is increasing at a surprising speed. However, hospitals urge the early discharge of the patients for the efficiencies of hospital administration, and therefore, the number of patients who must be taken care of in their home is also increasing. Homecare nursing is one of the health care service for the patients at home who require continual attention and care, and now increasing attentions are given to it as one of the professional nursing fields. However, it was almost impossible to find a study on the actual experiences of the homecare nurses written by their own language in Korea, that it also posed a great difficulty in understanding their diverse experience. Considering these situation, this study will help understanding of them, and provide the fundamental data on their experiences for making policies to develop homecare nursing. Methods of Research Phenomenological research method was employed to analyze the lived experiences of homecare nurses fundamentally. Data collection Data were collected from August 1998 to December 1998 from ten homecare nurses who worked for patients under the homecare nursing setting as model cases designated by Seoul Nurses Association and who agreed to the purpose of this study after listening to and understanding the explanation completely. The in-depth interview was carried at the time which was convenient both for the researcher and participants for one or two hours, and recovered with the approval participants. The first interview covered diverse and broad areas like the situation of homecare nursing, and their feelings and thoughts over it, and in the second and third interviews, more specific questions are asked. Data Analysis For the phenomenological analysis, contents analysis was employed. The data collected from the participants were analyzed into the following procedures according to Van Manen 's phenomenological analysis. 1) Reserve the preconception of the researcher by restricting it inside parenthesis. 2) Make a thorough observation of the lived experiences by insight process. 3) Analyze the contents (Find out the repetitive factors) 4) Interpret the essence found. 5) State the meaning of the interpretation. Results and discussion 1. Fear and expectation for the first visit. (unfamiliarity, awkwardness, anxiety, shivering) 2. Mingle with the family (feeling friendly with the family, becoming like a family member) 3. Being proud of her own know-how (learning the know-how, organizing alternatives, building up confidence) 4. Pity for the poor. (criticizing the current government, feeling ashamed, feeling anger) 5. Difficulty of constructing cooperative system with physicians (strenuousness, frustration) 6. Helplessness due to the lack of support system (difficulty to get supplies, annoyance, embarrassment by institutional restraints) 7. Anxiousness for heavy traffic and parking (annoyance, hastiness) 8. Ethical conflicts (pity for the patients and family, skepticism about lengthening life maintenance) 9. Burden for the possible accident (pressure, anxiety, conflict, physical exhaustion) 10. Establishment of identity as a professional (fulfillment, worth, joy) 11. Being distressed at other's ignorance

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.46
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• pp.31-62
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• 2016

This study is about the phenomenological study of bodyguards' ethical dilemmas. Through this study, the meaning and essence of bodyguards' ethical dilemmas will be analyzed based on empirical facts. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information of the prevention and solutions for their ethical dilemmas and to understand and research the process and the essentials of them. To achieve this goal of the study, seven bodyguards who experienced ethical dilemmas working more than five years are selected as objects of the study. Colaizzi's six stage method are applied into this study so information gathered through interviews and questionnaire from 0ctober 1st, 2015 to November 20th, 2015 is analyzed. From the process of this research, these following conclusions are drawn considering validity of this study and ethical things. As a result, bodyguards' ethical dilemmas are divided into six centric meanings and 20 thematic statement. First, the centric meaning is conflict factors and the themes are discordance of pre-practice, regulatory or procedure problems, communication about sturcture and job and service disagreement. Second, the centric meaning is limited professional roles and the themes are institutional custom, decision making, priorities. Third, the centric meaning is difficulties of circumstantial judgement at work places and the themes are ambiguity of decision, conflict of knowledge, experience and opinion. Forth, the centric meaning is reasonable self-defense and the themes are lack of responsibility, rationalization, intentional negligence and sense of shame. Fifth, the centric meaning is difficulties of social network and the themes are the relationships between subordinates and superiors, the role of a moderator, uncooperative work and unpleasant sayings and doings. Sixth, the centric meaning is keeping secrets and the themes are burried for and illegal practice.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-199
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• 2000

Acupuncture and moxibustion play an important role not only in the medical service and health care of Korea, China and japan but also in those of many western countries such as Germany, France, United States of America. An unexpected results induced by careless acupuncture and moxibustion treatments may be mild or severe, and are due to practitioner's mistake and particular body condition of a patient. This study was performed to establish a preventive measures against medical accident induced by acupuncture therapy. Total 23 acupuncture points which are included in a J${\bar{l}}$n-Zh${\dot{e}}$n-Xu${\acute{e}}$-G${\dot{e}}$ were selected as prohibited acupuncture points. Although the records in J${\bar{l}}$n-Zh${\dot{e}}$n-Xu${\acute{e}}$-G${\dot{e}}$ are an important data historically which show dangerous acupuncture points, there are few a full investigation on J${\bar{l}}$n-Zh${\dot{e}}$n-Xu${\acute{e}}$-G${\dot{e}}$ up to the present. So present study was done for literature review to understand a feasibility of the records in J${\bar{l}}$n-Zh${\dot{e}}$n-Xu${\acute{e}}$-G${\dot{e}}$ in association with dangerous acupuncture points. Based upon the locations of these acupuncture points, the dangerous region were classified three categories, head, soma and limb. And abnormal signs related to the improperly performed acupuncture treatment on each point were investigated by using historical reference books on acupuncture and moxibustion. And then names, locations, depth of insertion, operation methods and side effects of each point were investigated.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.43
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• pp.183-207
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• 2011

This study finds aesthetic elements and examines their aesthetic sense focusing on the melody of the piri in the completed Jongmyojeryeak with various ideational backgrounds from the views different from the aesthetic sense of Jongmyojeryeak that has been conducted so far. Jongmyojeryeak is to hold a memorial service at the place where the godship of the line of kings and queens in Joseon is set. It is the crystal of Confucian memorial ritual and representative cultural heritage of ancestral ritual culture and is designated as No 1 of national chief, intangible cultural heritage in 1964. Also, on May 18th, 2001, it was registered first in Korea as 'Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity' designated by UNESCO and was recognized of its superiority. It is not only a representative cultural heritage of ancestral ritual culture having fate with Joseon Dynasty for a long period but also has been recognized as the essence of our music compiling the holistic beauty of artistic forms according to music, songs, and dance created by our ancestors. Also, it has as its background the traditional thoughts including the Confucian thought as well as Yeak thought, Yin-Yang School, Samjae thought (三才思想), and Palgoe thought (八卦思想). This Jongmyojeryeak internalizes landscape beauty, Yojang beauty, natural beauty, magnificent beauty, and harmonious beauty. Landscape beauty can be found in Huimun and Jeonpyehuimun. Yojang beauty is the figure that is only shown in Jeongdaeup. Natural beauty is the skilled performance technique shown in the melody of variations and is connected to natural creation. It is well shown in Huimun and Jeonpyehuimun. Magnificent beauty is well shown in the melody of Botaepyeong movement. And harmonious beauty is the harmonization of dischord in Jongmyojeryeak and is well shown in Jeongdaeup's Somu distinctively showing its aesthetic sense from the view of natural, harmonious beauty in its music.