• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1999

Apo E polymorphism(e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal variation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Among 62 normolipidemic healthy females, aged 19 up to 22 years, the relative frequencies of E3/3 was 0.806(n=50), E3/2 was 0.081(n=5), E3/4 allele was 0.113(n=7), and no E2/2, E2/4 and E4/4 were found. Based on the five samples of E2 allele, five subjects were randomly selected by E3 and E4 groups for the study of effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of serum lipid and amino acids profiles. No differences in the anthro pometric data among apo E isomers were found, otherwise the pulsation was higher in E4 than that in the others. There were no differences in plasma total HDL , HDL3 , HDL2 & LDL cholesterol, and apo A I concentrations. However, phenotype means significantly rank E2>E3>E4 allele in average TG levels(p=0.014), and rank E4>E3>E2 in total cholesterol levels(p=0.011). Atherogenic index(AI) such as lipoproteins was significantly increased in E2 & E4 than that in E3(p=0.045). Subjects with E3/2 allele had significantly higher concentrations of glutamine, phosphoserine and taurine, while subjects with E3/4 allele showed significantly lower concentrations of arginine and am inobutyrate and elevated level of phosphoserine in plasma com pared to those of E3/3 allele. Higher level of plasma taurine in subjects with E3/2 or E3/4 allele appears to be related to the elevated level of plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to those of E3/3 allele.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2015

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate anti-obesity effects of mixed-Powder(Raphani Semen, Coicis Semen, Poria, Plantaginis Testa & Theae folium)(HP) & mixed water extract(Citri Pericarpium, Crataegi Fructus, Maydis Stigma, Allium Skin) (HE) in mice fed a high-fat diet. Method : 50 Female ICR mice were divided into six groups; Normal group (Ve), high-fat diet group (Po), Po+HP(0.6g/kg) group(HP), Po+HE(1g/kg) group(HE), Po+(HP+HE) group(HPE), Po+(HP+HE)*2 group(DHPE). For 8 weeks, these groups were fed their respective diets. Body weight, liver weight and weights of adipose tissues, GOT/GPT index changes & Blood Glucose index changes were measured respectively. Lipid profiles in serum were analyzed by kit of blood. Results : Groups HP, HE, HPE, DHPE had significantly reduced body weight, liver weight, adipose tissue weights and GOT/GPT index, blood glucose index compared to the Po group. Also, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, were significantly reduced when compared to the Po group. Group G1 had significantly increased high density lipoprotein levels. Conclusion : Mixed powder (HP) & mixed water extract (HE) show anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status associated with alcohol consumption in Korean adults men and women. The data was derived from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. The number of subjects included were 6090 (Men: 2789, Women: 3031) aged 20 (equation omitted) < 65y. Men consuming moderate alcohol ((equation omitted) 24 g/day but < 48g/day) had higher intakes of energy and vitamin B groups than the ones consuming less than 24g/day. Heavy drinking men reporting more than 48g alcohol/day were observed as having 3207.2kcal of energy intake (130% of Korean RDA) and significantly elevated levels in most of the nutrients. For women drinkers, when the alcohol consumption was moderate ((equation omitted) 12g/day but 24g/day) or heavy((equation omitted) 36g/day) the energy intake was 2188.9kcal(100% of RDA) or 2627.5kcal (130% of RDA). The other nutrients protein, fat, calcium, iron and vitamin B group were also higher in women with heavy alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking women showed significantly higher weight, BMI and HDL-C. In contrast, heavy drinking men did not show any significant difference in BMI but showed significantly elevated blood pressure, HDL-C and lower serum cholesterol.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effect of liquid extract from Leonurus sibiricus Linne (LS). SD rats were fed atherogenic diet for 6 weeks. During the experimental period, LS liquid extract (3 g/kg and 6 g/kg) was orally given to the rats. The liver weight and levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum were significantly increased in rats fed with atherogenic diets. Oral treatment of LS liquid extract to the rats fed atherogenic diet significantly reduced the liver weights and significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased at a high dose group compared with rats fed normal diet chow. These results indicate that LS liquid extract has the potential to restore altered lipid profiles induced by cholesterol rich diets and prevent the development of atheroclerosis.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic(Allium sativum L.) extracts with extraction conditions on hyperlipidemia prevention. The extracts prepared for garlic by hot temperature extraction(HG), low temperature extraction(LG), UMPM extraction(UG), fermentation(FG) and black garlic hot temperature(BG) method. To evaluate of hypolipidemia effect in vivo, we examined serum and liver lipid profiles of Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemia rats. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in UG group were significantly higher than control group. Liver total cholesterol content in LG group and liver triglyceride in UG group was significantly lower than control group.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

In postmenopausal women, the incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD) is common and there is growing evidences that astaxanthin has a strong antioxidant capacity and plays a beneficial role in the prevention of CVD. However, current data are not sufficient to determine the effect of astaxanthin on improving lipid profiles and antioxidant capacity in human. In this study, 15 healthy postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups and given astaxanthin supplements of 0,2 or 8mg/day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 4 and 8 weeks of astaxanthin supplementation for analysis of serum total choelsterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, plasma TBARS, total antioxidant status(TAS) and urinary 8-isoprostanes. HDL-cholesterollevels in 2mg and 8mg group increased significantly after 8 weeks from 50.6$\pm$5.8 to 60.4$\pm$7.1mg/dl, 44.4$\pm$10.7 to 49.4$\pm$2.7$mg/dl$ respectively (p<0.05). In the 2mg group, triglyceride decreased significantly from 171.6$\pm$67.4 mg/$dl$ to 145.8$\pm$5.1$mg/dl$ (p<0.05). Plasma TBARS level in the 2mg group decreased from 1.42$\pm$0.18nM/mg to 1.13$\pm$0.18nM/mg after 8 weeks (p<0.05). In the 8mg group, TBARS level decreased significantly from 1.62$\pm$0.14nM/mg to 1.13$\pm$0.12nM/mg after 8 weeks (p<0.05). TAS, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly from 0.85$\pm$0.42mM/$l$ to 1.90$\pm$0.58mM$l$ after 8 weeks in the 8mg group (p<0.05). Urinary 8-isoprostanes excretion did not decrease significantly with astaxanthin supplementation. In conclusion, it would be helpful for postmenopausal women with common cardiovascular disease to supplement with astaxanthin as an antioxidant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2008

Spirulina is a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium that contains essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidative components. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of spirulina intervention in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were 37 type 2 diabetic patients who visited a diabetic clinic in Seoul and randomly assigned into spirulina (8 g/day) or control group. During the intervention period of 12 weeks, subjects were asked to keep usual diet and prohibited to take any functional foods or dietary supplements. Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks did not affect anthropometric parameters, however, lowered plasma triglycerides level significantly (p<0.05). Spirulina supplementation also resulted in a significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde level (p<0.05) and an increase in plasma adiponectin level (p<0.1). The lipid lowering effect of spirulina supplementation was different according to serum lipid levels of the subjects before entering the intervention. The subjects with higher initial triglyceride level showed higher reduction in plasma triglyceride and blood pressure. The subjects with higher initial total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level showed higher reduction in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, IL-6, and blood pressure. It seems that spirulina supplementation is more effective in subjects with dyslipidemia. This study provides the evidence for beneficial effects of spirulina supplementation on blood lipid profiles, inflammatory variables, and antioxidant capacity in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that spirulina is a promising agent as a functional food for diabetes management.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

This study was performed to examine the feeding effects of $Angelica$ $keiskei$ $Koidz$ (AK) and its processed products on serum, liver, and body fat content and the expression of antioxidant genes in rats fed a high fat diet. AK and its processed products were added at 3-5% to a high fat diet and fed to adult rats for 6 weeks. In experiment 1 (EXP 1), the rats were fed with one of six diets including a control diet (normal fat), high fat diet (HF), and HF + AK additives groups (four groups). In experiment 2 (EXP 2), the rats were separated into three groups of HF, HF + AK whole leaves, and HF + fermented juice (FS) + squeeze (SA). Body weight was not different among the groups in either experiment. The liver weight was lower in the FS and SA groups compared to that in the other groups (P<0.05). Serum luteolin was higher in the AK and processed products groups compared to that in the HF group (P<0.05). Gene expression of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione-s-reductase in the liver was higher in the AK processed products group than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The results suggest that the intake of AK and its processed products increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes in animals fed a high fat diet, reduced hepatic cholesterol content, and increased the effective absorption of luteolin.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation with gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) powder on blood biochemical compositions, meat lipids and fatty acid profiles of the broiler chicks. One hundred male broiler chicks were divided randomly into five groups: group fed with basal diet (Control); group supplemented with 2.5% antibiotics in the drink water (Antibiotics), and groups supplemented gaeddongssuk powder with 5% (BG-I), 6% (BG-II), and 7% (BG-III) in the basal diets. Levels of total lipid and LDL-C in serum of broiler chicks were significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in the BG-III. HDL-C level was significantly higher in BG-I and BG-II compared to the Antibiotics group. Antioxidant activity of serum in the BG-II was significantly higher than Control and Antibiotics groups. Lipid peroxide contents in the BG-I and BG-II were significantly lower than to the Antibiotics group. Total lipids level of breast and legs meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Total cholesterol level of breast meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. UFA/SFA ratio of breast and legs meat from the BG-II was tend to higher compared to Control and Antibiotics groups. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary supplementation of gaeddongssuk with 6% could be applicable as the possibility to improve blood biochemical compositions and meat lipids properties in broiler chicks.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2013

Chronic consumption of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet increases insulin resistance and results in type 2 diabetes mellitus in C57BL/6J mice. Hyperglycemia in diabetics increases oxidative stress, which is associated with a high risk of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of chamnamul [Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai] in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul was measured in vitro. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal or HFHS diet with or without a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul at a 0.5% level of the diet for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. After sacrifice, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles, and lipid peroxidation of the liver were determined. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Chamnamul extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 26.7%, which was 78.3% the strength of inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Serum glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, were significantly lower in the chamnamul group than in the HFHS group. Chamnamul extract significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver compared with the HFHS group. These findings suggest that chamnamul may be useful in prevention of hyperglycemia and reduction of oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.