• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2001

This study was performed to estimate environmental and biological monitoring of workers exposed to methyl bromide through quarantine fumigation. Airborne methyl bromide and it's metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography and ion chromatography, respectively. The results are as followings; airborne concentration of methyl bromide(TWA) was $2.08{\pm}1.56ppm$(N=8). Dispersion and setting/degas groups were $0.67{\pm}0.12ppm$(N=2) and $2.54{\pm}1.53ppm$(N=6), respectively. Bromide ion concentration in serum was $23.40{\pm}14.91mg/{\ell}$(N=10) in the exposed workers and $4.74{\pm}0.82mg/{\ell}$(N=21) in the non-exposed workers. Bromide ion concentration in urine was $35.56{\pm}26.89mg/{\ell}$(N=11) in exposed group and $6.62{\pm}2.31mg/{\ell}$(N=21) in non-exposed group. Good correlation was observed between concentration of serum and urine ($r^2$=0.890 p<0.01). No significant correlations of other determinants were observed. Calculated from a regressive curve, the biological half lifes of serum and urine were 10.7 and 5.9 days. In these results, biological monitoring of bromide ion of serum and urine provided useful information for evaluating exposure of workers to methyl bromide, so that an availability of bromide ion of biological samples was showed as biological monitoring indices for methyl bromide.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.305-310
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• 1998

배경 : 농약의 사용이 보편화되면서 점차 그 사용량이 증가되고 있다. 저자들은 농한기의 농업인을 대상으로 국내에서 가장 많이 사용되는 맹독성 농약인 methyl bromide와 organophosphate compound의 농업인 체내 잔류 정도를 혈청 bromide 농도와 cholinesterase 활성도도 측정을 통해 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 농한기에 경상남도 산청군과 하동군에 거주하는 121명의 농업인을 대상으로 농번기의 농약사용에 관한 설문조사와 농약의 잔류정도를 측정하기 위한 혈액을 채취하였다. 대조군으로는 간 기능이 정상이며 B형 간염 항원이 없는 사람 중에서 연령과 성별에 맞게 무작위로 240명을 선별하였다. 농업인과 대조군에서 혈중 bromide는 혈청을 이용하여 gold chloride방법으로 구하고, cholinesterase는 colorimetric assay로 측정하였다. 대상 농업인중에서 간기능 검사가 이상 소견을 보이거나 B형 간염 항원 양성인 33명과 이에 해당하는 대조군 65명은 비교대상에서 제외하였다. 결과 : 정상인 240명을 대상으로 산정한 혈청 bromide 농도의 참고치는 72.9 ug/mL이하, 혈청 cholinesterase 활성도의 참고치는 1.6-15.9 U/mL 이었다. 정상인 175명의 혈청 bromide 농도는 $29.8{\pm}22.5\;{\mu}g/mL$, 혈청 cholinesterase 활성도는 $8.7{\pm}3.6$ U/mL이었다. 농업인의 혈청 bromide 농도는 $31.7{\pm}18.0\;{\mu}g/mL$로 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았고, 혈청 cholinesterase도는 $10.9{\pm}4.2$ U/mL로 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 농업인을 경작 면적, 농약 사용시 장갑 및 마스크 착용 유무에 따라 분휴류여 비교해 본 결과, 혈청 bromide 농도나 혈청 cholinesterase 활성도 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 농한기 농업이과 정상인을 비교해 보았을 때 methyl bromide 중독시 증가하는 혈청 bromide 농도는 차이가 없었으며, organophosphate compound 중독시 감소되는 cholinesterase는 농한기 농업인에서 대조군보다 높은 값을 보였다. 따라서 혈청 bromide 농도와 cholinesterase 활성도는 농한기 농업인에서 농약의 체내잔류 지표로 유용성이 낮다고 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.516-518
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• 2003

Six year-old female shihtzu was presented as primary epileptic seizure. We had been treated with high dose phenobarbital sodium (6.5 mg/kg), but could not achieved adequate control seizures. In an add-on therapy, the dog was given potassium bromide at a dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg daily for a period of 24 months. This dog has showed a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The therapeutic range of serum concentration of potassium bromide was from 0.7 to 1.3 mg/ml at 6weeks after treatment. To begin an add-on therapy with potassium bromide it can be recommended at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

The selective extraction behavior of lactoferrin (Lf) from whey protein mixture was examined using reverse micelles formed by the cationic surfactant, cetyldimethylammonium bromide (CDAB). The major whey proteins, including ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin, were solubilized from aqueous phase to organic phase while Lf was recovered in the aqueous phase. The solubilization behaviors of the proteins were manipulated by the process parameters such as the pH and salt concentration of the aqueous phase and the surfactant concentration in the organic phase. Efficient forward extraction was achieved with sodium borate buffer (50 mM, pH 9) containing 50 mM KCl and organic phase containing 100 mM CDAB. Based on SDS-PAGE and densitometry, about 96% of the initial Lf remained in the aqueous phase after forward extraction. The dialyzed Lf fully maintained its bacteriostatic activity against E. coli O157:H7.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2013

Objectives This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Mulberry leaves contained herbal mixture (MLHM) on body weight, serum lipid level and adipocyte differentiation in high fat diet-fed obese mice. Methods Four-week old mice (wild-type C57/BL6) were used for all experiments. Cells were incubated with MLHM at the indicated concentration (0.04-4mg/ml) for 24h, and growth rate was assessed by MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated in DMEM for 2 days with the indicated concentrations of MLHM, and on Day 6, the cells were fixed and the cellular lipid contents were assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR ${\gamma}$) and cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/EBP ${\alpha}$) as adipocyte-specific proteins were determined by real time RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, body weight gain and serum lipid levels were measured in the mice with obesity induced by the high fat-diet for four weeks. Results Though MLHM did not show toxicity even at the concentration of 4mg/ml, MLHM significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocites in a dose-dependent manner. Also, MLHM significantly reduced the expressions of PPAR ${\gamma}$ and C/EBP ${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MLHM significantly reduced body weight gain and LDL-cholesterol contents in high fat diet-fed obese mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that MLHM exerts anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells and mice with obesity by high-fat diet.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2003

We have fabricated gelatin-immobilized polyurethane foams (PUFG) by dipping polyurethane foam (PUF) in an aqueous solution containing gelatin and by subsequent reaction with glutaraldehyde after freeze-drying. Gelatin aqueous solutions of different concentrations were used as the dipping solutions to control the amount of immobilized gelatin. The average pore size of PUF decreased with an increase in gelatin concentration. It was found from the hepatocyte adhesion experiment that the amount of hepatocytes seeded on PUFG1, prepared by using a 1% aqueous gelatin solution, was higher than that on other PUFGs. The hepatocytes inoculated in PUFG1, were slightly aggregated as the incubation time increased. The cells inoculated in PUFG1 showed higher ammonia removal ability than those monolayer-cultured on a gelatin-immobilized polystyrene dish (PSG) after 1 and 4 days of incubation time. The inoculated cells exhibited higher albumin secretion relative to monolayer-cultured hepatocytes on PSG. Albumin secretion by hepatocytes seeded on PUFG1 was increased by the presence of serum and was further increased by both the presence of serum and cytokines. The results obtained from a 3-(3,4-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that PUFG can provide a better microenvironment for hepatocyte culture along with nutrition and metabolite transfer through the high porosity of PUF.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.766-771
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• 2010

The biological evaluation of a new synthesized Pt(II)-complex, 2,2'-bipyridin Butylglycinato Pt(II) nitrate, an anti-tumor component, was studied at different temperatures by fluorescence and far UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. Human serum albumin (HSA) and human tumor cell line K562 were as targets. The Pt(II)-complex has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA. Binding and thermodynamic parameters of the interaction were calculated by fluorescence quenching method. Far-UV-CD results showed that Pt(II)-complex induced increasing in content of $\alpha$ helical structure of the protein and stabilized it. The 50% cytotoxic concentration ($Cc_{50}$) of complex was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay at different incubation times. Also, fluorescence staining with DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) revealed some typical nuclear changes, which are characteristic of apoptosis. Above results suggest that Pt (II) complex is a promising anti-proliferative agent and should execute its biological effects by inducing apoptosis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1999

To investigate the anti-complementary and cytotoxic effects of oriental prescription, Kuseonwangdogo, on the proliferation of preadipocyte 3T3- L1 cells, we examined biological effects of Kuseonwangdogo. The results obtained were as follows. 1. After 14 days, the body weight of rats treated with Kuseonwangdogo decreased more than that in the control group (p<0.05). However, the weights of liver, spleen and kidney were unchanged. In serum biochemical test, we examined the level of glucose (GLU) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). The levels of GOT and CHOL in serum were decreased remarkably by the administration of Kuseonwangdogo (p<0.05). The haematological examination of the tested group showed significant increment of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and monocyte (MO). 2. The effect of Kuseonwangdogo on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells was tested by the sulforhodamin B(SRB) assay. The high concentration ($100{\mu}l\;and\;200{\mu}l$) of extracts inhibited the proliferation of 3T3- L1 cells. The p-value was <0.01, respectively. 3. The extract of Kuseonwangdogo showed a potent anti -complementary activity. It was suggested that the active principle may be a kind of polysaccharide molecule. 4. The cytotoxic effects of Kuseonwang dogo and its composing herbs in human liver cells (WRL68) and monkey kidney cells (Vero) were examined by the SRB and 3- (4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5 diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxic effects were not observed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of taurine and alendronate on the osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblasts and bone marrow cells from 1-2 day old mouse were co-cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum - minimal essential media (FBS-MEM). Osteoclast differentiation was induced by adding the sonicated extracts of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis). Osteoclasts were identified using tartrate resistant acid phosphotase staining (TRAP). Alendronate of 10$^{-7}$, 10$^{-6}$, 10$^{-5}$M and taurine of 500, 1000, 1500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml were added respectively. The cytotoxic effects of alendronate and taurine were examined using MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol -2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazo- lium bromide) method. After culturing with the sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis, the amounts of IL-6 in the culture supernatant were measured and compared using the ELISA method. The results were as follows : 1. Osteoclasts were differentiated at the concentration of 0.01~0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis. (P<0.05). 2. Alendronate inhibited osteoclasts differentiation at the concentration of 10$^{-5}$ M when the concentration of sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis was 0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. 3. Taurine inhibited osteoclasts differentiation at the concentration of 1500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml when the concentration of sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis 0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. 4. In cytotoxic test (MTT test), no cytotoxic effect was evident in all concentrations of alendronate and taurine. 5. Taurine (10$^{-5}$M) and alendronate(1500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) did not change the amounts of IL-6 induced by sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 1998

The role of phospholipase ($A_2\;PLA_2$) in tumor cell growth was investigated using SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells. 4-Bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) and mepacrine (Mep), known $PLA_2$ inhibitors, suppressed growth of the tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner without a significant cytotoxicity. Melittin (Mel), a $PLA_2$ activator, enhanced the cell growth in a concentration-dependent fashion. The growth-enhancing effects of Mel were significantly reversed by the co-treatment with $PLA_2$ inhibitors. In addition, Mel induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores like as did serum, a known intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ agonist in the tumor cells. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release induced by these agonists was significantly blocked by $PLA_2$ inhibitors at growth-inhibitory concentrations. Arachidonic acid (AA), a product of the $PLA_2-catalyzed$ reaction, induced cell growth enhancement and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release. These effects of AA were significantly blocked by BAPTA/AM, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator. Taken together, these results suggest that the modulation of $PLA_2$ activity may be one of the regulatory mechanisms of cell growth in human neuroblastoma cells. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ may act as a key mediator in the $PLA_2-induced$ growth regulation.