• 보존과학연구
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• s.25
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• pp.47-74
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• 2004

We investigated the nucleotide substitution and insertion polymorphism of the hypervariable region Ⅰ and Ⅱ in mt DNA by sequencing ancient DNA from 51 ancient bones and teeth excavated at Nuk-do and Yimdang-dong in Korea. It revealed 35 sequence types from the ancient Korean. Of these, different sequences were 34 sequences. There were 19 and 38 base substitutions in HVI and HVⅡ, respectively. Some substitutions were characteristic of East Asian populations as compared with data reported on Caucacianpopulations,16051, 16150, 16172, 16223 in region I and 73, 263 in region II were noted as polymorphic sites, respectively. These were distributed evenly along the control region, though the frequency of each site was variable. Nucleotide substitution rather than insertion and deletion was the prevalent pattern of variation. Insertion of cytosine between312 and 315 in region HVⅡ were detected up to 98% in 51 ancient bone samples. This sequence data represents a phylogenetic tree using NTI DNA Suite computer program. The phylogenetic tree showed that mt DNA sequences of Nuk-do bones were relative to west Siberian and Indonesian. The usefulness of mt DNA sequencing in ancient Korean population excavated atarchaeological sites is based on biological and historical evidence for origin and migration of ancient Korean.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 2013

p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. We report our molecular characterization of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the goat p70S6K gene 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (GenBank accession GU144017) and its 3' noncoding sequence in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus). Goat S6K1 cDNA was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, and a 694-residue 3' noncoding sequence with a polyadenylation signal at nucleotides 2,218 to 2,223. The relative abundance of S6K1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR in 6 tissues, and p70S6K expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in heart and testis. The phosphorylation of p70S6K is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in fetal fibroblasts.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

Peptidohlycan recognition protein (PGRP) is one of the pattern recognition proteins in innate immunity of insect. We isolated differentially expressed two cDNAa, BTL-LPI and BTL-LP2, in the fat body of Bombyx mori larvae injected with bacteria by subtractive hybridization method. These two clones showed amino acid sequence divergence of 30.4%. In the comparison with other insect PGRP genes, BTL-LP2 showed 48.8% and 45.2% of sequence homology to the known PGRP genes of Bombyx mori and Tricoplusia ni, respectively, and BTL-LP2 was 31.8% and 30.9% , respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed relatively close relationship of the BTL-LP2 to the known insect PGRP, unlike BTL-LPI, which was equidistant both to insect and mammals, suggesting a divergent relationships of the two newly cloned B. mori PGRP genes. Northern blot analyses confirmed an induction of the expression of BTL-LP2 by the bacterial infection in the Int body of B. mori, suggesting the involvement of the gene in the insect immunity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) constitute the largest superfamily of cell membrane receptors, mediating diverse signal-transduction pathways. The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) has been of interest for its physiological role and size, one of the smallest among the GPCRs, which makes it a good model system for the structural study of GPCRs. To study the molecular structure and tissue-specific expression of MC4R in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), the full-length MC4R gene was obtained using PCR amplification of genomic DNA as well as cDNA synthesis. Sequence analysis of the gene indicates that 978 bp of the MC4R gene encodes 325 amino acids without introns. Sequence alignment with the MC4Rs from other fish shows the highest degree of identity (96%) between Paralichthys olivaceous and Verasper moseri, followed by Takifugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis (89%). RNA was isolated from various tissues to examine the tissue distribution of MC4R by using RT-PCR. The results showed major expression of MC4R in the liver, brain, and eye, which is consistent with the expression pattern in other fish belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2004

In This paper, we have analyzed the power spectrum of DS-TH Ulhawideband (Direct Sequence-Time Hopping UWB) system which used pseudo-noise (PN) code. The DS-TH UWB system proposed in this paper multiplies the information signal with PN code to construct pulse train with random pattern and then the chips in pulse train are bundled into several groups to map to the particular value. The (+)/(-) pulse is tented in the time slot of frame by comparing a particular value with timing information that was stored in the lookup table. Thus, the energy spark (Comb Line) which is generated certainly in convantional system can be suppressed efficiently by PN code. And we knew that the proposed DS-TH UWB System even could have very smoothing power spectrum ctaracteristic without applying high speed Time-Hopping code.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

Background: Panax ginseng, the most famous medicinal herb, has a highly duplicated genome structure. However, the genome duplication of P. ginseng has not been characterized at the sequence level. Multiple band patterns have been consistently observed during the development of DNA markers using unique sequences in P. ginseng. Methods: We compared the sequences of multiple bands derived from unique expressed sequence tagsimple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to investigate the sequence level genome duplication. Results: Reamplification and sequencing of the individual bands revealed that, for each marker, two bands around the expected size were genuine amplicons derived from two paralogous loci. In each case, one of the two bands was polymorphic, showing different allelic forms among nine ginseng cultivars, whereas the other band was usually monomorphic. Sequences derived from the two loci showed a high similarity, including the same primer-binding site, but each locus could be distinguished based on SSR number variations and additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or InDels. A locus-specific marker designed from the SNP site between the paralogous loci produced a single band that also showed clear polymorphism among ginseng cultivars. Conclusion: Our data imply that the recent genome duplication has resulted in two highly similar paralogous regions in the ginseng genome. The two paralogous sequences could be differentiated by large SSR number variations and one or two additional SNPs or InDels in every 100 bp of genic region, which can serve as a reliable identifier for each locus.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2013

Cathepsins are members of the multigene family of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and have regulated function in several life processes. The potential role of cathepsin F cysteine gene was expected as protease in the yolk processing mechanism during early developmental stage, but expression analysis was unknown after fertilization. The alignment analysis showed that amino acid sequence of cathepsin F from olive flounder liver expressed sequence tag (EST) homologous to cathepsin F of other known cathepsin F sequences with 87-98% identity. In this study, we examined the gene expression analysis of cathepsin F in various tissues at variety age flounder. Tissue distribution of the cathepsin F mRNA has been shown to be ubiquitous and constitutive pattern regardless of age in each group, although derived from cDNA library using liver sample. The mRNA level of cathepsin F more increased as developmental proceed during embryogenesis and early developmental stage, especially increased in the blastula, hatching stage and 3 days post hatching (dph). As a result, it may suggest that the proteolysis of yolk proteins (YPs) has been implicated as a mechanism for nutrient supply during early larval stages in olive flounder.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 2021

Due to the recent development in electronic financial services, transactions of electronic prepayment are rapidly increasing. The increased transactions of electronic prepayment, however, also leads to the increased fraud attempts. It is mainly because electronic prepayment can easily be converted into cash. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology that can effectively detect fraud transactions in electronic prepayment, by using sequential pattern mining techniques. To validate our approach, experiments on real transaction data were conducted and the applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated. As a result, the accuracy of the proposed method has been 95.6 percent, showing that the proposed method can effectively detect fraud transactions. The proposed method could be used to reduce the damage caused by the fraud attempts of electronic prepayment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

This study describes the identification of Panax species using mitochondrial consensus primers. Initially, a total of thirty primers were tested in ten Korean ginseng cultivars and two foreign Panax species, P. quinquefolius and P. notoginseng. In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification results, three primers (cox1, nad1/2-3 and nad2/1-2) generated co-dominant polymorphic banding patterns discriminating Korean ginseng cultivars from P. quinquefolius and P. notoginseng. However, these primers could not generated polymorphisms among the Korean ginseng cultivars, and simply represented species-specific polymorphisms for P. quinquefolius and P. notoginseng. Primers PQ91 and PN418 were designed from the consensus sequence of nad1/2-3 region. Two banding patterns (A or B) were detected in PQ91. Korean ginseng cultivars and P. notoginseng shared the same banding pattern (A type) and P. quinquefolius was identified another banding pattern (B type). In the case of PN418, two banding patterns (A or B) were detected in the Korean ginseng cultivars and two foreign Panax species. Korean ginseng cultivars and P. quinquefolius shared the same banding pattern (A type) and P. notoginseng was identified another banding pattern (B type). The combination banding patterns of three Panax species, Korean ginseng cultivars (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.), P. quinquefolius and P. notoginseng, was identified as 'AA', 'BA' and 'AB', respectively. Consequently, PQ91 and PN418 primer sets can be used to distinguish among Panax species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 1995

The human homolog of position specific element of mouse Hoxa-7 was studied using transgene. It contains a 1.1 kb human DNA (HCR)- a homolog to the intergenic region between Hoxa-7 and -9, which directs the position specific expression of Hoxa-7-, tk promoter, LacZ (${\beta}$-galactosidase) gene as a reporter, and polyadenylation signal of SV40 large T antigen. It was injected into the mice embryos, and the resulting transgenic embryos were analysed through PCR as well as genomic Southern blotting with placenta DNA. Out of 20 embryos analysed, two were transgenic. Among them, one transgenic embryo expressed transgene when stained with X-gal. The expression pattern was in analogy to that of the mouse Hoxa-7, showing spatially restricted expression pattern, Since the expression of ${\beta}$-galactosidase is regulated by the upstream human HCR sequence, it implies that the HCR is the plausible position specific regulatory element of human.