• Title/Summary/Keyword: Separated Loading

Search Result 87, Processing Time 0.021 seconds

The improvement of the operation for lcl international transportation (LCL 화물의 국제 해상운송 운영 개선 방안 제시)

  • Lee, Gil-Hwan;Gang, Gyeong-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
    • /
    • 2012.04a
    • /
    • pp.371-380
    • /
    • 2012
  • Although all costs concerned in transportation be separated by region and each terms and conditions of Incoterms that state cleary them who have to pay the charges. But, almost lcl exporters donot want to pay their charges the carriers at loading port eventhough they make the contracts with the importer as FOB and CFR of Incoterms. And the carrier have been do not bill the FOB charges to the shipper. Now, there are no more Incoterms in LCL transportation. So, the importer have been payed loading port charges twice, first, the contract with the shipper, secondly, through the destination charge. These problems make decreasing of trading volume and increasing of logistics costs. We suggest every traders and carriers separate the costs as per the price terms and conditions of incoterms and bill/receive the costs separated the trader who have to pay the charges as per their price terms. It will bring mutual success in the world and increasing trade.

  • PDF

The Theoretical Investigation of the Natural Frequency Coefficients for a Thin Rectangular Tube used in the Heat Exchanger (열교환기에 사용되는 얇은 사각 단면 튜브의 고유규진동계수에 대한 이론적 분석)

  • 김기만
    • Journal of KSNVE
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.373-383
    • /
    • 1995
  • From the viewpoint of the structural design, the principal problem of the heat exchanger is the potentiality of structural instabilities due to the fluid loading effect during operations. Excessive fluid loading may give rise to permanent deformation of tube and would enentually result in collapse of heat exchanger, which would cause an obstruction of the fluid flow in the narrow channels. In this study, a fluid-structural interaction model was developed to investigate analtically the vibration characteristics of thin rectangular tube used in the heat exchanger. The model consists of two flat plates separated by fluid. The effects of the fluid in the tube was stuided. For analyses, the natural frequency coefficients of the model were investigated for the plate aspect ratios, channel heights, and boundary conditions. As conclusions, the natural frequency coefficients of the tube is found to be affected largely by the fluid loading and the channel heights.

  • PDF

Comparative Study on Loading Rate of Main Pollution Sources in Han-River (한강수계의 주요 오염원별 부하량 비교분석)

  • Kang, Sung-Hwan;Koo, Bon-Soo;Rim, Jay-Myoung
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
    • /
    • v.18
    • /
    • pp.399-404
    • /
    • 1998
  • The purposes of this research were constructed the database, based on graphing the present water pollution in Han-river due to livestock wastewater(LSW). The LSW was below 1% in respect to quantity but about 7% in respect to pollutants loading in overall Han-river. The ratio of untreated LSW is 18% to 28%, which was higher compared to the municipal and industrial wastewater. In other words, LSW was about 0.05 times of municipal wastewater in respects to quantity but 2 times in respect to the ratio of untreated wastewater. So, it was necessary for treating LSW. The pollutants loading due to livestock wastewater of the South Han-river, North Han-river and main stream were 19.7%, 19.4% and 4.0%, respectively. This was about 7% in overall Han-river. We separated the Han-river into upper, mid and down stream. As a result, we found that the livestock wastewater is the main water pollution source of upper Han-river.

  • PDF

A Study on the Removal of Phenol by Hybrid Process coupling adsorption with microfiltration (흡착과 정밀여과의 혼성공정에 의한 페놀 제거에 관한 연구)

  • ;;Fane, A. G.
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.6 no.2
    • /
    • pp.109-116
    • /
    • 1996
  • This work is a fundamental study for applying hybrid process coupling adsorption with microfiltration to waste-water treatment. Phenol was separated by adsorption on powdered activated carbon, adsorbed phenol with activated carbon was separated by microfiltration. As the particle size in suspension increased, filtration resistance decreased, and effect of particle concentration on resistance was less pronounced. The rate of uptake was greatly dependent on the degree of phenol loading. For a smaller amounts of activated carbon, the change of permeate concentration before break point and phenol loading with time were steeper than in the case of large amounts. Permeate concentration before break point decreased with decreasing particle size, this could be due to the increase of outer surface of particle and film mass transfer coefficient.

  • PDF

Analysis of Infiltration/Inflow at Dry and Rainfall Periods in Separated Sewer System of Nakdong River Basin (건기와 우기시 낙동강 유역 분류식 하수관거의 유입수/침입수의 분석)

  • Gu, Joung-Eun;Lee, Hong-Shin;Son, Gun-Tae;Lee, Sung-Eok;Lee, Seung-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.75-84
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to provide a basic information for the establishment of operation and treatment processes in sewer system of Nakdong river basin to minimize the overall pollutants loading to water body. Sewage flowrates were regularly measured and monitored at various sampling points of newly-built separated sewer system located in G City GA sites. To assess the inflow sewage flowrate, various calculating methods such as water-use evaluation, average-minimum daily flow quality evaluation, minimum daily flow evaluation, night water-use evaluation were used. Average I/Is were calculated except water-use evaluation. Average I/Is were found to be 6.5 $m^{3}/d$, 3.5 $m^{3}/d$, 7.7 $m^{3}/d$ at GA-1, GA-2, GA-3 points respectively. I/I ratios of three areas were found to be 4.8 %, 2.0 % and 2.7 % respectively and were obviously lower than those of the other separated sewer systems as shown in the previous studies.

The Study on the Determination of the Contact Area of the Circular Plate Resting on Elastic Half-space under Axisymmetric Loading (탄성지반 위의 축대칭 하중을 받는 원판의 접촉응력 해석에 관한 연구)

  • 조현영;정진환;김성철
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
    • /
    • 1997.10a
    • /
    • pp.87-94
    • /
    • 1997
  • The circular plate resting on Boussinesq's half-space model under axisymmetric loading is studied by a finite element procedure to evaluate the distribution of contact pressure between plate and elastic half-space. The displacement of half-space due to axisymmetric surface loading can be evaluated by double integration of Boussinesq's solution. On that case the analytical integration can be executed for the radial direction but the analytical integration for the circumferential direction is impossible and the numerical integration should be considered. With the radial integration we can get non-dimensional function. Then the numerical integration for the formula is executed for the circumferential direction and the results are approximated 5th order Polynomials by using the least square method. With these 5th order approximate formula, the flexibility matrix of half-space is constructed as the coefficient matrix of nodal contact pressure by the finite element procedures. Iteration procedures are attempted by using this method to determine the separated region.

  • PDF

Relaxation of Singular Stress in Adhesively Bonded Joint at High Temperature

  • Lee, Sang Soon
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-39
    • /
    • 2018
  • This paper deals with the relaxation of singular stresses developed in an epoxy adhesive at high temperature. The interface stresses are analyzed using BEM. The adhesive employed in this study is an epoxy which can be cured at room temperature. The adhesive is assumed to be linearly viscoelastic. First, the distribution of the interface stresses developed in the adhesive layer under the uniform tensile stress has been calculated. The singular stress has been observed near the interface corner. Such singular stresses near the interface corner may cause epoxy layer separated from adherent. Second, the interfacial thermal stress has been investigated. The uniform temperature rise can relieve the stress level developed in the adhesive layer under the external loading, which can be viewed as an advantage of thermal loading. It is also obvious that temperature rise reduces the bonding strength of the adhesive layer. Experimental evaluation is required to assess a trade-off between the advantageous and deleterious effects of temperature.

Preliminary Study of Semi-continuous Liquid Recirculating Anaerobic Digestion for Source Separated Food Waste (음식물류 폐기물 처리를 위한 준 회분식 액순환 건식 혐기성 소화법에 대한 기초연구)

  • Cho, Chan-Hui;Lee, Byong-Hi
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.28-35
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this study, the experiment was carried out to produce methane by applying Semi-Continuous Leachate Recirculation Anaerobic Digestion System fed with source separated food waste from school cafeteria. There were two systems and each system consisted of a bioreactor and a liquid tank. Each bioreactor had a screen near the bottom of the reactor. 2.5L of separated liquid was transferred to the liquid tank for 30min each day by using a tubing pump and the liquid from the liquid tank was pumped to the bioreactor at the upper of the bioreactor as soon as the transfer was ended. Through this circulation, the liquid having high concentration of VFAs was supplied to the top of bioreactor. At the beginning of the experiment, food waste/inoculum anaerobic sludge volume ratio was 2:8 that is 9g VS/L of OLR(Organic Loading Rate). Feeding was conducted every two weeks. Experimental results showed that the contents of moisture, combustible matter, ash were 65.91%, 32.73%, and 1.36%, respectively. Two different food waste loading were studied. The average organic loading rates were 3.51g VS/d for System A and 3.86g VS/d for System B, respectively. The average produced methane based on food waste fed to bioreactor were observed as $6.30m^3CH_4/kgVS{\cdot}d$ for system A and $4.94m^3CH_4/kgVS{\cdot}d$ for System B, respectively.

Alteration of the Static Posture of Spine under Different Types and Amounts of Loading (가방 하중의 크기와 방식에 따른 척추 정적 자세의 변화)

  • Park, Yong-Hyun;Kim, Young-Kwan;Kim, Yoon-Hyuk
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.32 no.3
    • /
    • pp.230-236
    • /
    • 2011
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of lumbar spine and trunk postures on different load-carrying types and amounts under static loading. Two load-carrying types(unilateral carrying: UC vs. bilateral carrying: BC) and four different loads(0, 5, 10, and 15 kg) were randomly tested in this study. Carrying a heavy bag would affect human body posture, specifically lumbar spine curvature, which is considered as one of sources of back problems. Previous studies have not paid attention to the approach of the multisegment model of the lumbar spine and trunk. This study separated two compartments of trunk segment(the lumbar and thorax) in the analysis. The multisegment model of the lumbar spine in addition to Helen-Hayes marker set was used. Eight motion analysis cameras and a force plate were utilized. Ten male subjects(mean mass, $70.6{\pm}3.97$ kg; mean height, $178{\pm}4.18$ m) having no musculoskeletal disease participated in this study. We analyzed trunk angles in three anatomical planes and the spinal curvature in sagittal and frontal planes. Increased loading in both UC and BC significantly resulted in increases in trunk forward lean but only UC induced increases in trunk lateral lean. In addition, increased loading in BC produced flatten lumbar curvature in sagittal plane. As far as coupling motion, subjects tended to use axial rotation of the lumbar spine in transverse plane in response to increased UC loading. Finally, it is concluded that the increased static loading in UC rather than in BC tends to causes combined alterations of the spinal postures(sagittal and transverse planes together), which would be vulnerable to improper mechanical stresses on the spine.

The Swelling Characteristics of Clayey Soil by CRS Consolidation Test (CRS 압밀시험에 의한 점성토의 팽창특성에 관한 연구)

  • 이응준;한상재;김지용;김수삼
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
    • /
    • 2000.11a
    • /
    • pp.335-342
    • /
    • 2000
  • In this study, the swelling characteristics of reconstituted clayey soil were investigated by STD and CRS test. The strain rate during loading was constant i.e. 0.05 %/min, 0.03 %/min and during unloading was varied in proportion to 1/1, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/15 of strain rate during loading. From this study the following conclusions were obtained; (1) There were similar values, especially, during unloading in case of 1/10 or 1/15 of strain rate during loading and the test results between STD and CRS were much to be alike. (2) The cross point of effective stress versus excess pore water pressure ratio curve, was increased during unloading, while the stress level of the cross point was decreased. The stress level can be separated into two zones according to the swelling index named Cs1 and Cs2. From the test results, the values of Cs1 were approximately constant irrespective of strain rate during unloading, but the values of Cs2 were much influenced by strain rate. (3) In CRS consolidation tests, it was found that unloading strain rate did not affect on the existence of zone.

  • PDF