• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low-intensity direct current to cortical areas, thereby facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. This study was designed to investigate changes in various sensory functions after tDCS. We conducted a single-center, single-blinded, randomized trial to determine the effect of a single session of tDCS with the current perception threshold (CPT) in 50 healthy volunteers. Nerve conduction studies were performed in relation to the median sensory and motor nerves on the dominant hand to discriminate peripheral nerve lesions. The subjects received anodal tDCS with 1 mA for 15 minutes under two different conditions, with 25 subjects in each groups: the conditions were as follows tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) and sham tDCS on M1. We recorded the parameters of the CPT a with Neurometer$^{(R)}$ at frequencies of 2000, 250, and 5 Hz in the dominant index finger to assess the tactile sense, fast pain and slow pain, respectively. In the test to measure CPT values of the M1 in the tDCS group, the values of the distal part of the distal interphalangeal joint of the second finger statistically increased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.000), 250 Hz (p=.002), and 5 Hz (p=.008). However, the values of the sham tDCS group decreased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.285), 250 Hz (p=.552), and 5 Hz (p=.062), and were not statistically significant. These results show that M1 anodal tDCS can modulate sensory perception and pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers. The study suggests that tDCS may be a useful strategy for treating central neurogenic pain in rehabilitation medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

Objectives Through the clinical records of Seungjeongwon Ilgi, we reviewed the usage of Bi-Jeung to know the concept of the word and studied therapeutic strategies for managing Bi-Jeung. Methods We investigated the clinical records of the mid-Chosun dynasty containing the key word "Bi" from electronic database (Seungjeongwon Ilgi). Results Of 4,039 records, 249 articles thought to have medicinal value were lastly selected. We subdivided the cases into 13 categories according to time, the connection of contents and the change of associated symptoms. "Bi" was not used alone but used in combination with body parts or other symptoms. Etiological causes of "Bi" involved dampness, phlegm, fire, heat and qi disorders. We suggested that "Bi" of the mid-Chosun dynasty meant a symptom group mainly of sensory impairment and additionally pain or motor disturbance. Among the 22 herbal medicine formulas used, 15 were based on internal medical pattern identifications and 7 were symptomatic treatments. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy were primarily applied to adjacent acupoints. In addition, External therapies were used together, such as washing therapy, plaster therapy, cupping therapy and thermotherapy. Conclusions "Bi" principally indicated sensory impairment on limbs and the main etiological cause was considered to be dampness. Herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and external therapies were used to cure Bi-Jeung.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the gender-differences in vibrotactile responses(sensitivity and displeasure) of residual forearm simulated by vibration stimulation in upper limb(trans-radial) amputees. Background: Several studies have reported that vibration stimulation using the haptic vibrator is one the most effective methods for delivering sensation to an amputees. However, few studies have reported the perception to haptic vibratory stimulus, particularly sensitivity and displeasure. Method: We set up a custom-made vibration stimulation system that included 6 actuators(3 medial parts and 3 lateral parts) and a graphical user interface(GUI)-based acquisition system to investigate changes in residual somatosensory sensibility and displeasure in the forearm of upper limb(trans-radial) amputees. Vibration actuators were attached at the 25%-point on the proximal forearm. Stimulation with 32Hz, 64Hz, or 149Hz of frequency was used for the sensitivity tests and with 32~257Hz of frequency was used for the discomfort experiments. The subjective responses were evaluated on a 10 point scale. Results: The results showed that vibrotactile sensory perception in male amputees were higher than that in female amputees. In male amputees, the response at lateral area of forearm was the most sensitive than medial area; but, female amputees showed similar sensitive areas. Subjects did not experience any discomfort during vibrotactile stimuli. Conclusion: Vibrotactile response in the amputees was dependent on gender as well as area stimulated by vibration. Application: The results might contribute to develop the vibrotactile feedback system for the amputees.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2023

Objective : This study aims to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC) for children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Methods : The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated using Short Sensory Profile (SSP) to verify concurrent validity. Construct validity was verified by comparing the sensory processing ability and self-regulation ability of the two groups. Cronbach's α was calculated in the case of internal consistency for reliability verification, and the test-retest reliability was verified through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : Based on the verification of the concurrent validity, the Korean version of SPSRC and SSP showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01). The construct validity was found to have a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the area and sub-items of the Korean version of SPSRC (p < 0.001). For the internal consistency, Cronbach's α ranged from 0.700 to 0.975. The test-retest reliability showed that the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.937 to 0.997. Conclusion : The Korean version of SPSRC was confirmed to be an evaluation tool with high validity and reliability. It is expected to be used as an evaluation tool for planning treatment goals in clinical trials and as a meaningful basis for future research.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1302-1307
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• 2002

We experienced a case of patient of incomplete spinal cord injury following slipping off his clothes. He had complications : both leg paresisㆍboth arm weaknessㆍurine disturbanceㆍboth leg & arm sensory disorder . We could treat these complications with the methods of medical treatments ; acupunctureㆍmoxa therapyㆍherb-medicationㆍelectro-acupuncture & muscle exercises. We obtained results that motor grade and muscle atrophy were improved.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the effect of an augmented reality (AR) system on muscle strength and function level of the paretic lower limb and the balance ability in the early rehabilitation program of acute stroke patients. Methods: The participants (30 or fewer days after stroke) were randomly assigned to receive intervention with an early rehabilitation program using an AR system (n=1) or an early rehabilitation program consisting of functional electrical stimulation and tilt table use (n=1). Patients in both subjects received interventions 4-5 times a week for 3 weeks. Results: In the paretic limb muscle strength, AR subject was increased from 15 to 39.6 Nm and Control subject was increased from 5 to 30.2 Nm. The paretic limb function of AR subject motor function was increased from 8 to 28 score and Control subject motor function was increased from 6 to 14 score. But sensory function was very little difference between the two subjects (AR subject: from 4 to 10 score, Control subject: from 3 to 10 score). In the balance ability, AR subject had more difference after intervention than control subject (AR subject: 33 score, Control subject: 22 score). Conclusion: The early rehabilitation program using the AR system showed a slightly higher improvement in the motor function of the paretic lower limb and balance ability measurement than the general early rehabilitation program. The AR system, which can provide more active, task-oriented, and motivational environment, may provide a meaningful environment for the initial rehabilitation process after stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the balance of stroke patient appling Task-Oriented Functional training program. Sixteen subjects were recruited from KeiMyung university Dongsan Medical Center inpatient satisfying requirement for this study. They were divided into Task-Oriented Functional training group and Conventional therapy group. They were measured by Sensory organization test and Motor control test items using EquiTest Version 8.0 machine before and after the test. The result of this study were to follow: 1. In Sensory organization test, there were no significant differences in static eguibrium score in both groups(p<.05). 2. In Sensory organization test, there were significant differences in dynamic eguibrium score in both groups(p<.05). 3. In Motor control test, there were significant differences in both groups(p<.05). 4. In exercise group, there were no significant differences in static Sensory organization test(p<.05). 5. In exercise group, there were significant differences in dynamic Sensory organization test(p<.05). 6. In exercise group, there were significant differences in Motor control test(p<.05). 7. In control group, there were no significant differences in static Sensory organization test(p<.05). 8. In control group, there were no significant differences in dynamic Sensory organization test(p<.05). 9. In control group, there were no significant differences in Motor control test(p<.05).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.553-556
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• 2002

To study the effects of Scorpio on oxygen free radical-mediated damage by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) on cultured spinal sensory neurons, in vitro assays such as MTT assay were used in cultured spinal sensory neurons derived from mice. Spinal sensory neurons were cultured in media containing various concentrations of XO/HX for 6 hours, after which the neurotoxic effect of XO/HX was measured by in vitro assay. The protective effect of the herb extract, Scorpio water extract against XO/HX-induced neurotoxicity was also examined. The results are as follows : In MTT assay, XO/HX significantly decreased the cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons according to exposure concentration and time in these cultures. The effect of Scorpio water extract on XO/HX-induced neurotoxicity showed a quantitative increase in neurdfilament. These results suggest that XO/HX has a neurotoxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons from mice and that the herb extract, Scorpio water extract, was very effective in protecting XO/HX-induced neurotoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of muscle energy techniques on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods : The 20 patients were divided into 2 groups: group A was treated except muscle energy techniques and group B was treated with muscle energy techniques. Both groups were treated with acupunture treatment, physical theraphy and herbal medication. Patients were evaluated by McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form(SF-MPQ), Pain Disability Index(PDI) and Neck Disability Index(NDI) in traffic accident patients. Results : 1. Both Group were significantly decreased in sensory of SF-MPQ, VAS, PDI and NDI after 7 days of treatment. 2. Group B compared with the Group A was significantly decresed in VAS, PDI after 7 days of treatment. Conclusions : We found out that muscle energy techniques is considered to be effective and useful on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.826-840
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• 2020

Vertigo is one of the most common complaints encountered by physicians and the patients are steadily increasing. These patients are exposed to the risk of secondary accidents such as falls due to vertigo. There are two ways to improve this symptom: medication and rehabilitation. Although temporary symptomatic improvement may be expected in patients treated with medication, vertigo may recur and medication can delay central compensation. In contrast vestibular rehabilitation exploits central mechanisms of neuroplasticity to increase postural stability and enhance visual-vestibular interactions in situations that generate conflicting sensory information. However, vestibular rehabilitation may be compromised by incorrect performance of exercises, and there is a need for active effort and interest from the patient during rehabilitation. To solve these problems, we decided to apply FOVE HMD for eye-tracking and Unity3D to create virtual reality. The proposed eye-tracking based algorithm calculates the concentration of users with eye tracking data and calculates the motion width of the patient with nystagmus, thus the severity of the patient according to the score can be determined. According to our experimental test against healty group and patients group, this result showed the meaningful data to use define the contents result.