• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.908-919
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to get some basic data for health care for working women, especially or hospital nurses. The number of subjects was 796 nurses from one general hospital and four private educational hospitals. The data were collected from February to April, 1988 using the questionnaire "Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception" designed by the Research Committee of Industrial Fatigue in Hygienic Association of Japan Industry. The collected data were analyzed using means and standard deviations for the subjective symptoms of fatigue and each item as an independent variable was analyzed by T-test and ANOVA test. The results are as follows 1) The mean score for degree of fatigue was 1.89 and the degree of fatigue for physical symptoms had highest score of 2.04, the next was psychological symptoms at 1.89, and neuro -sensory symptoms were the lowest at 1.74. Among the fatigue symptoms, the item scored most frequently was "Legs feel heavy" with a mean score of 2.40 and the least frequent item was "My hand and foot trembled" with a mean score of 1.40. 2) With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant difference according to age (F=17.039, p=.000), state of marriage(t=5.381, p=.000) presence of children(t=5.134, p=.000), clinical experience (F=16.663, p= .000), present position(F=18.204, p=.000), working place(F=12.598, p=.000), duty time(F=9.068, p=.000), monthly wages(F=7.361, p=.000). satisfaction about the pay and treatment at work(t=-5.511, p=.000), relation the doctors(t=-4.593, p=.000) the doctors(t=-4.593, p=.000)

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Virtual reality(VR) is known as immersive multimedia or computer-simulated reality, is a computer technology that replicates an environment, real or imagined, and simulates a user's physical presence and environment to allow for user interaction. Virtual realities artificially create sensory experience including sight, touch, hearing, and smell. Owing to the use of a single device in most VR contents, user have difficulty in manipulating user interface and game object. And also immersion of the game goes down because they can't see the mouse and keyboard in virtual space. In this paper, we design and implement the chess game to easily and accurately control user interface to improve the immersion in game.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

A survey was undertaken among a group of dentists working at private dental clinics to investigate the state of dental care and the level of education and training in the dental care to people with handicaps. Forty four percents of dental clinics take care of one more patients per month. The types of handicaps were physical, mental, sensory handicap and autism. The common problems are difficulty in communication and delay of treatment. Forty nine percents of dentists got education and nineteen percents had clinical experience for dental care of handicapped patients. Most of dentists felt necessity of training program and establishment of specialized dental hospital supported by government for the handicapped. This study indicated the necessity of undergraduate and postgraduate education and clinical training for dental care of handicapped patients.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to develop the pattern of bodysuit and to identify the wear fitness of it The methods of statistical analysis applied to the study were ANOVA and cluster analysis. The materials used in making bodysuit were Nylon/Polyurethane, lace, power net, binding tape, and hook eye. The try-on test was administered in two aspects ; (1) the comparison of anthropometric data before and after trying on the experimentally constructed bodysuit with those of marketing bodysuit, (2) the sensory evaluation to estimate the wear fitness in terms of appearance and motion function. The conclusions obtained are as follows ; 1. In the survey of wearing state, 52.2% of respondents had experience of wearing bodysuit. 60.6% of them responded to the item, “well-balanced body” in the question about the purpose of wearing it. 55.7% considered the item, “feel choky in the chest” as uncomfortable point in putting on bodysuit. 48.3% felt the portion of crotch drawn above in taking exercise or behaving routinely in everyday life. 2. As for the characteristics of the bodysuit design, the scooped neckline and horizontal outline without wire in lower bust was used, the adjust point being located right above the perineum point, and the length of bodysuit is as far as trochanteric point. 3. In comparing anthropometric data of the subjects, there was significant difference in the height of lower bust the distance around abdomen, and the length of bust point(right, left) between the experimentally constructed bodysuit and the marketing bodysuit. 4. Concerning the results of the try-on test in appearance, the estimates of expert panel, which were in agreement with those of subjects in mean value and composite reliability coefficient, showed that the pattern fitness of experimentally designed bodysuit was higher than that of marketing bodysuit. 5. To take try-on test in motion function, motion was classified the five steps. The results of the test showed that experimentally designed bodysuit was fitter in each steps of motion than marketing bodysuit.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.728-735
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• 2019

Objective: Previous studies suggested the potential influence of YouTube videos regarding dentistry on the mass population. However, there was not any clear investigation for Korean population. We aimed to systemically analyze the type of the dentistry-related videos uploaded on YouTube Korea and the accounts used for uploading, and to assess their effect on the view count of the content. Methods: Classification, type of the accounts, and view count of the videos listed by the keyword 'dentistry' were analyzed, which were uploaded on YouTube Korea platform from September 2017 to April 2019. Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc analysis was used to assess the effect of the classification of the videos and the type of accounts on the view count. Results: 1.026 videos were enrolled to the analysis. Primary classification of the videos was information/education, advertisement, life, news, child contents, autonomous sensory meridian response, broadcast, cartoon/game, humor, and music. Secondary classification of the videos was dental experience, advertisement, role-playing, information/education., humor, cartoon/game, child contents, life, and broadcast. Type of the accounts was dentistry associates, general public, media company, and government office (sorted by frequency). Subject of the most videos (93.6%) was general public. There was statistically significance in the view count of the videos according to the primary and secondary classifications, the account used for uploading, and target subject of the videos. Conclusion: Dentists and their associates should recognize the importance of YouTube platform and try to monitor and intervene the dentistry-related contents, considering its huge impact on the general public.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.378-389
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of fatigue and quality of sleep in patients with cancer. Method: The data was collected from January to February 2001. Study objects were recruited K university hospital in Busan, Korea. Their fatigue was measured using the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale developed by Piper et. al(1998), and quality of sleep was measured using Quality of Sleep Questionare by Oh et. al(1998). Result: 1) The fatigue score was mean $114.80{\pm}34.88$(range: 22-220). The sub dimension that showed behavior/severity score at $33.70{\pm}13.89$, affective score at $24.23{\pm}3.33$, sensory score at $27.74{\pm}12.51$, and cognitive/mood score at $29.11{\pm}3.71$. And sleep quality score was mean $37.32{\pm}8.18$. 2) There was a significant difference in religion(F=4.157, P= .008), present therapy(F=2.536, P= .043), past therapy(F=6.625, P= .000), major caregiver(F=3.133, P= .028), and change of weight(F=7.965, P=.006), according to general characteristics in the fatigue in patients with cancer. 3) There was a significant difference in present pain(t=-2.103, P= .037) and change of weight(F=5.484, P=.005), according to general characteristics in the sleep quality in patients with cancer. 4) There was a significant negative correlation between fatigue and quality of sleep(r=- .340, P= .000). Conclusion: Patients with cancer experience in fatigue. Increase in fatigue are associated with decreases in quality of sleep. Nurses must provide patients with nursing care about the occurrence of fatigue and interventions to deal with sleep disturbance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2000

The memory of pain can be more damaging than its initial experience. Several factors arc related the directions of pain memory: current pain intensity, emotion, expectation of pain, and peak intensity of previous pain. The possible mechanisms behind the memory of pain are neuroplastic changes of nervous system via peripheral and central sensitization. Peripheral sensitization is induced by neurohumoral alterations at the site of injury and nearby. Biochemicals such as K+, prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance P, histamine and serotonin, increase transduction and produce continuous nociceptive input. Central sensitization takes place within the dorsal horn of spinal cord and amplifies the nociceptive input from the periphery. The mechanisms of central sensitization involve a variety of transmitters and postsynaptic mechanisms resulting from the activations of NMDA receptors by glutamate. and activation of NK-1 tachykinnin receptors by substance-P and neurokinnin. The clinical result of peripheral and central sensitization is hyperalgesia, allodynia, spontaneous pain, referred pain, or sympathetically maintained pain. These persistent sensory responses to noxious stimuli arc a form of memory. The hypothesis of preemptive analgesia is that analgesia administered before the painful stimulus will prevent or reduce subsequent pain and analgesic requirements in comparison to the identical analgesic intervention administered after the painful stimulus, by preventing or reducing the memory of pain in the nervous system. Conventionally, pain management was initiated following noxious stimuli such as surgery. More recently, however many have endorsed preemptive analgesia initiated before surgery. Treatments to control postsurgical pain are often best started before injury activates peripheral nociceptors and triggers central sensitization. Such preemption is not achieved solely by regional anesthesia and drug therapy but also requires behavioral interventions to decrease anxiety or stress. Although the benefit of preemptive analgesia may not be obvious in every circumstance, and in many cases may not sufficient to abolish central sensitization, it is an appropriate and human goal of clinical practice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.287-291
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• 1994

A 49 years old male patient was admitted to our neuro-pain clinic with symptoms of left 11th intercostal neuralgic pain and low back pain that developed 2 months prior to admission. Upon initial physical examination, motor weakness or sensory deficit were absent. Intercostal neuralgic pain improved significantly after we performed thoracic root thermocoagulation. However on the afternoon of the procedure the patient started to experience voiding difficulty, saddle anesthesia and rapidly progressing motor weakness and hypoesthesia that involved the lower back area and the lower extremities for three days. Based on these symptoms spinal cord compression was suspected and subsequently plain T-L spine X-rays and T-L spine MRI were performed. A spinal tumor that appeared metastatic in origin was seen at the T11 and T12 level. Liver ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a $4{\times}4cm$ sized ill defined mass in the posterior segment of the right lobe. The patient was diagnosed to have hepatocellular carcinoma after needle aspiration biopsy and cytologic studies. Further orthopedic surgery was recommended but as the patient rejected any further treatment and examination, it was not possible to confirm the primary focus of the tumor. However as metastasis of a primary liver tumor to the spine is a rare occurrence, some other primary focus of metastasis or even a malignant primary tumor of the spine is more likely to explain this patient's condition.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2013

Background The reconstruction of volar surface defects is difficult because of the special histologic nature of the tissue involved. The plantar surface is the most homologous in shape and function and could be considered the most ideal of reconstructive options in select cases of volar surface defects. In this paper, we evaluate a single institutional case series of volar tissue defects managed with second toe plantar free flaps. Methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed on 12 cases of reconstruction using a second toe plantar free flap. The mean age was 33 years (range, 9 to 54 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 5-to-1. The predominant mechanism was crush injury (8 cases) followed by amputations (3 cases) and a single case of burn injury. Half of the indications (6 cases) were for soft-tissue defects with the other half for scar contracture. Results All of the flaps survived through the follow-up period. Sensory recovery was related to the time interval between injury and reconstruction-with delayed operations portending worse outcomes. There were no postoperative complications in this series. Conclusions Flexion contracture is the key functional deficit of volar tissue defects. The second toe plantar free flap is the singular flap whose histology most closely matches those of the original volar tissue. In our experience, this flap is the superior reconstructive option within the specific indications dictated by the defect size and location.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.303-316
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• 2020

Objectives: The nutritional status of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is closely related to the compliance of nutrition education. However, as chemotherapy is conducted repeatedly, compliance with nutrition management is lowered, leading to malnutrition. Malnutrition is related directly to the quality of life after surgery in cancer patients. Therefore, this study examined the factors related to compliance with nutrition management during chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, five subjects with colorectal cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy were interviewed in-depth using the Giorgi study method. The contents of the nutrition education visits and in-depth interviews were transcribed in the language of the subject after recording, and the appropriateness of the data was improved by reflecting the subject's actions and facial expressions. Results: After conducting the in-depth interviews for each subject, the experience of the subject's diet and adjuvant chemotherapy was drawn into two domains, six elements, and 26 sub-elements. In the cognitive domain, the patients experienced physical and psychological changes, and the need for nutrition management was recognized by analyzing the dietary causes of the diseases. In the domain of practice, a knowing-doing gap was formed, unlike the patient's will. Factors that inhibited compliance with nutritional management included digestive problems, sensory changes, loss of appetite, and social interaction stress. Conclusions: Dietary management is very important for patients receiving periodic anticancer therapy, and step-by-step training and personal monitoring based on the chemotherapy order is necessary to maintain the patient's will and social and environmental support.