• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

Background: The oil and gas industry is one of the riskiest industries for confined space injuries. This study aimed to understand an overall picture of the causal factors of confined space accidents through analyzing accident reports and the use of a qualitative approach. Methods: Twenty-one fatal occupational accidents were analyzed according to the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System approach. Furthermore, thirty-three semistructured interviews were conducted with employees in different roles to capture their experiences regarding the contributory factors. The content analyses of the interview transcripts were conducted using MAXQDA software. Results: Based on accident reports, the largest proportions of causal factors (77%) were attributed to the organizational and supervisory levels, with the predominant influence of the organizational process. We identified 25 contributory factors in confined space accidents that were causal factors outside of the original Human Factors Analysis and Classification System framework. Therefore, modifications were made to deal with factors outside the organization and newly explored causal factors at the organizational level. External Influences as the fifth level considered contributory factors beyond the organization including Laws, Regulations and Standards, Government Policies, Political Influences, and Economic Status categories. Moreover, Contracting/Contract Management and Emergency Management were two extra categories identified at the organizational level. Conclusions: Preventing confined space accidents requires addressing issues from the organizational to operator level and external influences beyond the organization. The recommended modifications provide a basis for accident investigation and risk analysis, which may be applicable across a broad range of industries and accident types.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.191-202
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• 1996

This research applied an attachment theory to the study of three generations of women. Questionnaire and semistructured interview techniques were employed to collect the data on intergenerational mother-daughter relationships from 140 triads of adolescent daughters middle-aged mothers an old-aged grandmothers. The focus of the study had been on the characteristics of attachment patterns which is measured by sense of attachment and autonomy across and within generations and their effects on personal well-being. Women in each their three generations perceived a high and seminilar level of attachment across and within the generations. On the other hand the level of autonomy differed by the generations with middle-aged mothers showing a higher level of perceived sense of autonomy than other two generations. Although the levels of attachment and autonomy were related to psychological well-being the level of autonomy was slightly more related to it. The results also showed that not nly one's own attachment toward mother/daughter but attachment of others toward herself were associated with the personal well-being. Overall this study reflects and supports the basis concepts of mother-daughter attachment: its continuity reciprocity and personal development in adulthood.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.195-208
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• 2002

This study examines how marital dissatisfaction is connected with extramarital relations among married women. To explore this subject,1 am using in-depth interview techniques. The data from 16 married women who involved (and are involving) extramarital relations are collected in semistructured interviews. In this article, I describe four specific types of extramarital relations with particular relevance to marital dissatisfaction: (1) temporary extramarital relations caused by marital dissatisfaction, (2) positive extramarital relations as maintaining dissatisfied marriage, (3) unavoidable extramarital relations as breaking dissatisfied marriage, and (4) extramarital relations as a part of life with satisfied marriage. With these results, I believe that equity theory could be applicable in explaining the relationships between marital satisfaction and extramarital relations. There are limitations when the qualitative research is analyzed. One problem is measurement. It is difficult to measure equality (or equity), life dissatisfaction, and other concepts. furthermore, this study is not abbe to explain causal relationships among equality, life dissatisfaction, actual extramarital relations. The future study should perhaps be in quantitative research focused on the causal model in which all exchange variables are conceptualized and properly measured for the intimate relationship.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.537-551
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to identify meaningful themes related to the recognition of lifestyle risk factors and barriers in seeking treatment following an acute event of first-time acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A methodological mixed method of thematic content analysis and a quantitative analysis was used. The sample consisted of 120 male patients < 65 years of age who agreed to be in the study were interviewed using a semistructured during 2008-2009. Data were analyzed according to the procedure of thematic content analysis and the meaningful themes were coded into SPSS data for quantitative analysis. Results: Pre-hospital delay greater than three hours reported by 58.3% (n=70) of the sample and similarly 63.3% had no recognition about their symptoms as cardiac in origin. The mean number of risk factors was $3.9{\pm}1.8$ out of 11 when lifestyle and psychosocial factors were included. From the interview data among the 70 patients delayed greater than three hours, thirty-five themes categorized into 12 main themes influenced the delayed decision which was identified according to personal-cognitive, socio-cultural, and contextual factors. Conclusion: Health care providers should consider these themes in designing individual interventions to make lifestyle changes and to facilitate more prompt decisions to seek care.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-125
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to compensate for the deficiencies of the presidential records using the documentation strategy and to establish a long-term plan for collecting presidential records that should be considered as references in country governance. For these purposes, this study examined literature reviews, foreign case studies, and the presidential records collection of the United States and Korea, and conducted in-depth interviews in relation to the presidential records collection. Semistructured questionnaires were used for in-depth interviews and 15 target organizations, such as a foundation and memorial affairs agency, central government agencies, and university-affiliated organizations, were selected. A total of 14 records collectors of 12 organizations (82%) of all 17 records collectors of 17 organizations (100%) participated in these interviews, and the interview results were analyzed according to the grounded theory of qualitative research methodology. Based on the accumulated results, this study proposes an effective model in designing collection strategy and operating and collecting presidential records through the use of documentation strategies.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2021

Background: Some researchers state that they are not yet able to provide a deep understanding of the underlying causes of unsafe behaviors (UBs). Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the attitudes and experiences of Iranian workers of UBs. Methods: This present study was conducted in 35 industries using a semistructured interview based on grounded theory. Forty participants were interviewed, including 13 industrial safety and health experts and 27 workers and supervisors. The analysis of the present study consisted of a three-step coding process including open, axial, and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the factors affecting UBs could be classified into three categories: organizational, individual, and socioeconomic factors. Organizational factors were divided into 6 parts: procedure and environmental conditions, communications, monitoring, organizational safety culture, resource allocation, and human resources. Socioeconomic factors had three subcategories: community safety culture, type of organizational ownership, and economic problems. Finally, the individual factors were classified into two categories of personality traits and individual competence. Conclusion: The results showed that organizational factors were the most categorized, and it is estimated that this factor has a more important role in the UBs. Of course, to better understand the close relationship between these factors and find the weight and importance of each factor, it needs to measure it with multicriteria decision systems.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the association of the COMT polymorphism with the TD in Korean sample of families with TD probands. The relationship between risk alleles and specific clinical features (tic severity, comorbidity, drug response) was also explored. Method : Patients were recruited from the Tic Disorder clinic at the Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Division of Seoul National University Hospital and assessed through 2 stage evaluation. Firstly, all the patients and parents received semistructured interview using Korean version of K-SADS-PL. Secondly all the patients received clinical interview and tic severity assessment with Korean version of YGTSS. The subjects in control group were recruited from the health promotion center in out hospital and were evaluated by SCL-90 and SCID-IV. Through these process, total of 42 children and adolescents with TD, their 84 parents and 86 control subjects were finally recruited. Genotyping for The Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene was done by standardized method. After collection of genetic data of all the patients, parents and control subjects, case-control comparison and tranmission dysequilibrium test was executed by SPSS version 11. Result : From the case-control comparison, the frequency of L-allele and LL genotype was significantly higher in TD group. However, no differences were found from the TDT. No significant differences were found in in family history of tic, ADHD, OCD, drug response and comorbid conditions among the three different genotypes in patients with TD. Conclusion : Though this study results should be interpreted cautiously due to small sample size and negative finding in TDT test, this study is the first report that there is positive association between the functional polymorphism of COMT gene the TD.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1143-1157
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop HS-VOSTS(High School Students' Views On Science-Technology-Society), which is an instrument that monitors high school students' views on STS. For this study, 23 multiple-choice items were developed on four categories. First, a categorial scheme was constructed. The categorial scheme was based on many instruments that evaluate students' understanding on STS, literature review, and STS learning goal that many researchers had asserted. Second, the multiple-choice items were developed. The development of the items was carried out through four steps. In the first step, some pairs of statement on each subordinate category were formed. Next, the student statement questionaries which were based on the pairs of statement were responded by 772 students. In the second step, the response written by the students were analyzed to common viewpoints and the first multiple-choice items were constructed. In the third step, the semistructured interview with 28 high school students was implemented and the second multiple-choice items were constructed. In the fourth step, the final version of the instrument was developed through the analysis of the students' response on the second multiple-choice items. HS-VOSTS is an useful instrument for monitoring students' beliefs and viewpoints on STS topics. The results of the students' responses to HS-VOSTS items reflect the students' own thoughts directly. These results will give some implications for the curriculum developers, the authors of text books and the educational policy makers as well as the teachers.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2002

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of depression in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods : Subjects were 37 cancer inpatients of oncology in Yeungnam university hospital. BDI and ZDS were done and HDS was performed through semistructured interview. Results: 1) There were no significant differences of depression scale score according to sex, education, religion, marital status. 2) The mean scores of BDI, ZDS and HDS in 37 cancer patients were 18.27${\pm}$7.73, 36.51${\pm}$10.82, 15.14${\pm}$6.60, respectively. 3) HDS, ZDS scores were significantly higher in other cancer group receiving high dose chemotherapy. 4) Item score for depressed mood, diurnal variation(p<0.001), dissatisfaction(p<0.01), physical anxiety, decreased libido, sleep disturbance(p<0.05) were significantly higher in other cancer group than others. 5) Eight patients were diagnosed as having major depressive disorder, 11 as adjustment disorder, and 18 patients had no axis I diagnosis. 6) In major depressive disorder group, the score of the depressed mood item in ZDS was high (p<0.05). HDS item score for depressed mood, work difficulty, anxiey(p<0.001), psychomotor retardation(p<0.01) were significantly higher in major depressive disorder group. 7) In patients with adjustment disorder, ZDS item score of constipation(p<0.001), fatigue, anorexia (p<0.01), emptiness, sleep disturbance, dissatisfaction, weight loss(p<0.01) were high. HDS item score of hypochondriasis(p<0.01), agitation(p<0.01), fatigue, decreased libido(p<0.05) were significantly higher in adjustment disorder group. Conclusion : Some psychiatric disorders, such as adjustment disorder and major depressive disorder were common in the cancer patients in chemotherapy. Psychiatric intervention will increase compliance of cancer treatment and improve the quality of life. This study suggests that it would be important to consider the nature of somatic symptoms in diagnosing depression in cancer patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 1998

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhuujori, Korean traditional non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present health status of chronic arthritis female patient who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at a hospital located in Seoul, Korea. A convenience sample of 64 women who orally agreed to be a participant and data were collected form October 1996 to May, 1997 for sis months by way of interview with semistructured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the SPSS pc program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants was 53.2 years and mean number of children was 3.1. Mean frequency of abortion was 2.1 times per woman. Seventy four percentage of respondents did not have Sanhujori after abortion. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 17.7, 15.2, 13.8 days from the first child to third child and shorter than that of general woman such as 20.0, 19.0, 17.3 days in the previous study. On the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori wrongly' was the highest rank in each child where as general woman 'did Sanhujori well' at the first child, 'moderate' at the second and third child and 'did Sanhujori wrongly' at the 4th and fifth child. The health status implies both subjective health status women perceived and the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress women are experiencing presently. The respondents of 82.5% perceived them as unhealthy or sick and 68.9% of women complained more than two symptoms. Mean number of physical symptom distress women complained was 2.33. The main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities 69.1% including knee and hand, whole body 19.1%, neck 3.7%, waist & shoulders 2.7% respectively. The characteristics of the symptoms were mostly pain 60%, swelling 19.8%, rigidity & deformity 7.9% respectively, sensation of heat 6.8% and weakness 1.7%. Women perceived the etiology of the chronic arthritis as stress 25.8%, 'did Sanhujori wrongly' & overwork 23.4% respectively, genetic 12.9%, malnutrition, 4.8%, and aging process 3.2%. There were significant positive correlation between subjective health status and the period of Sanhujori after delivery of the second child(r=-0.22) and negative correlation with the number of child at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=0.27). There were significant negative correlation between the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress and the subjective evaluation whether she did Sanhujori well or not at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=-0.23). And the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress in the group of women who experienced abortion was significantly higher than that of women who did not experience it at the level of 5% significance statistically(t=2.00) In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the possible relationship between health status of chronic arthritis female patient and the experience of Sanhujori after delivery & abortion. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to research further on the effects of Sanhujori on the health status, health recovery after abortion or delivery from the various aspects through the crosssectional and longitudinal research for the refinement of the reality of not only as cultural phenomenon but as conceptual model for the appropriateness of intervention and quality of care for desirable health outcomes.