• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1990

Early studies demonstrated that seminal plasma has a factor which inhibits fertilizing ability in a reversible manner. The factor can be precipitated by centrifugation at 104000g for 18 hr. The precipitate was applied to a CM cellulose column and eluted with high salt concentration. This fraction possessed antifertilizing activity was applied to a Sephacryl S-200 column according to a modification of the method of Reddy et al. Using such inhibition of in vitro fertilization ability as an assay, we have carried our experiments to purified the factor. When the factor was added to IVF medium, 70-80% of fertilization was inhibited.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Leucosia anatum, also known as the pebble crab, is a species of crab that belongs to the family Leucosiidae. Crabs are the most conspicuous and abundant components of the epibenthic macrofauna of the mangrove ecosystems. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of enlightening the reproductive system of L.anatum through histological and histochemical studies. Histological analysis of the epithelial cells of vas deferens, the luminal size and shape of the vas deferens was carried out, since the spermatophore material is secreted and molded by the vas deferens. Histochemical analysis of the blood plasma, testis, proximal vas deferens, middle vas deferens, distal vas deferens, seminal plasma and spermatophore was done to reveal the possible transformation of their secretory materials into the spermatophoric components. Biochemical components present in the blood plasma, testis, proximal vas deferens (PVD), median vas deferens (MVD) and distal vas deferens (DVD) regions seminal plasma and spermatophore of pebble crab were analyzed to find out the quantity of free sugars, proteins, and fats. Thus the current study focuses on the histological and histochemical analysis of Testis and Vas Deferens and their secretions in L.anatum.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1983

황소의 정액에서 베타 굴룩유로니다아제를 부분적으로 정제하였다. 이 정제과정에는 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 의 분획분리법, 두개의 연속적인 DEAE-셀루로오즈 콜럼 및 등전초점화법(pH4-6) 및 세파덱스 G-200의 절여과 방법이 쓰여졌다. 등전초점화(lsoelectric focusing)법을 사용했을때 pH5.13에서 베타 굴룩유로니다아제는 한 형태의 단백질로 존재하였다. 고도로 정제된 베타 굴룩유로니다아제는 전기영동법에 의해 한개의 주된 띠와 약간의 불순물의 띠로 나타났고 특수활동도는 34Units/mg 단백질로 나타났다. 이 효소는 pH 5.2 와 $48^{\circ}C$ 에서 가장 높은 활동도를 나타냈다. 알부민이나 0.15M 소금용액에서 베타 굴룩유로니다아제는 활동도가 상승됐다. 페놀프타레인-모노-베타-굴룩 유로닉산을 기질로 사용했을때 km값은 2.9mM 이었고 Vmax값은 $0.8{\mu}$mole/min 이었다. 대두의 콘카나발린 A에 흡착하는 것으로 보아 이 효소는 당단백질임이 확인됐다. 토끼, 사람의 정자 아크롬좀 추출물 및 정액에서 이 효소는 높은 활성도를 나타냈다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1024-1050
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• 2001

Avian spermatozoa are characterised by high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular docosatetraenoic (DTA, 22:4n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4n-6) acids. As a result they are vulnerable to lipid peroxidation, which is considered to be an important factor of male infertility. Antioxidant systems are expressed in spermatozoa and seminal plasma and build three major levels of antioxidant defense. The first level is based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which is, in conjunction with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and metal-binding proteins, responsible for prevention of free radical formation. The second level of defence is responsible for prevention and restriction of chain reaction propagation and includes chain-breaking antioxidants such as vitamin E, ascorbic acid, glutathione and some others. The third level of antioxidant defence deals with damaged molecules, repairing or removing them from the cell and includes specific enzymes such as lipases, proteases, DNA repair enzymes etc. In the review, profiles of PUFAs and the two first lines of antioxidant defence in avian spermatozoa are characterised. Dietary manipulation of the breeder's diet (PUFA, vitamin E and selenium) as an effective means of modulating fatty acid composition and antioxidant system is also considered. Antioxidant properties of seminal plasma and efficiencies of inclusion of antioxidants into semen diluents are also characterised.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

장기간 담수순화 사육한 감성돔 Acanthopagrus schlegelii(BFW) 정액의 화학적 특성과 염분 및 이온조성에 따른정자활성을 해수사육 감성돔(BSW) 정액과 비교하였다. BFW 정장의 화학적 특성은 대부분의 요인에서 BSW 정장과 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 삼투질농도는 각각 $307.0{\pm}4.6$, $337.3{\pm}10.1$ mOsm/kg으로 차이를 보였다. 염분에 따른 BFW 및BSW의 정자운동성는 0 psu에서는 운동성이 관찰되지 않았으나, 10 psu에서 낮은 운동성과 짧은 정자 운동지속시간을 보였다. 그러나 20, 32 psu에서는 높은 운동성과 긴 정자 운동지속시간 보였다. BFW와 BSW 정자의 SAI는 이온의 종류와는 상관없이 삼투질농도에 의존하여 변화하였으며, 인공해수와 비슷한 농도에서 높았다. 결론적으로 장기간 담수에서 사육한 감성돔의 정자의 운동개시요인은 환경수의 삼투질농도가 좌우하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of osmolarity of thawing diluents, seminal plasma added in thawing diluents on the sperm viability and the effects of thawing temperature, the temparature of the thawing diluents on the sperm viability and acrosomal morphology of boar spermatozoa by the straw method. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The sperm viablilty after thawing of the frozen semen was shown greater in the high osmolarity(392~492mOsm) than low osmolarity(300mOsm) in thawing diluent. The added levels of seminal plasma in thawing diluent did not affect the viability of frozen-thawed boar semen. 2. In terms of thawing temperature, the sperm viability was shown higher in the frozen semen thawed at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for one min. (p<0.01) than those thawed at 2$0^{\circ}C$ or 37$^{\circ}C$ for one min. The sperm viability was not significant at the diluent temparature of 2$0^{\circ}C$or 37$^{\circ}C$ after thawing: but the sperm viability was higher in thawing diluent at 2$0^{\circ}C$ than in that at 37$^{\circ}C$. However, the effects of thawing temperature and diluent solution on normal acrosomal rate were not significant. 3. Cleavage rates of oocytes fertilized with frozen semen were 46.4% and 43.3%, respectively, which were thawed at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for one min. and then diluted in mBTS medium at 2$0^{\circ}C$or 37$^{\circ}C$. To sum up, the sperm viability was shown greater at the high of thawing diluents of frozen boar semen. In terms of thawing conditions, the sperm viability was shown greater, when semen was thawed at a high temperature for a short time and then diluted at the same temperature as that in the straw.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1912-1920
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on the motility parameters, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ATP levels in chicken sperm. Methods: The pooled semen from Barred Plymouth Rock males was used. In the first experiment, the semen was diluted 4-times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS (-)) containing various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mM) of 5-ALA, and then the sperm motility parameters after incubation were evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). In the second experiment, the semen was diluted 4-times with PBS (-) containing 0.05 mM 5-ALA, and then sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP levels after 1.5 h of incubation were analyzed with the MitoPT^® JC-1 Assay and ATP Assay kits, respectively. In the third experiment, the semen was removed from the seminal plasma and resuspended with the mediums of PBS (-), PBS (-) supplemented with CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ (PBS (+)) + 5-ALA, PBS (+) + caffeine, and PBS (+) + caffeine + 5-ALA. Then, the sperm motility parameters after incubation were evaluated by CASA. In the last experiment, the semen was treated with the mediums of PBS (-), PBS (-) + 5-ALA, 5.7% glucose, 5.7% glucose + 5-ALA after removing the seminal plasma, and then the sperm motility parameters were evaluated by CASA. Results: The addition of 0.05 mM 5-ALA significantly increased the chicken sperm motility, progressive motility, linearity, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and the wobble. The sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization was also increased by the 5-ALA treatment. The 5-ALA treatment decreased the sperm ATP levels. Both the caffeine treatment and glucose treatment decreased the sperm motility during incubation period. Conclusion: 5-ALA might increase sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization to utilize the ATP for enhancing sperm movement.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.844-854
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• 2021

Objective: The potential of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), and ginger (GIN), as natural antioxidants, in reducing negative effects of heat stress on physiological responses, antioxidant capacity, semen quality and fertility of bucks under heat stress were investigated. Methods: Forty adult Animal Production Research Institute line rabbit bucks were distributed randomly into four experimental treatments of ten rabbits each. The first treatment was fed the commercial pellet diet (CPD) without supplementation and served as a control. The other three treatments were fed CPD supplemented with EVOO (300 mg), BET (1,000 mg), and GIN (200 mg) per kg diet for 3 consecutive months during the summer season. Results: Supplementation of EVOO, BET, or GIN improved (p<0.05) the sexual desire, progressive motility, vitality, intact acrosome and membrane integrity, sperm cell concentration, sperm outputs and fertility. Seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, and initial fructose increased (p<0.05), while total lipids, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and malondialdehyde decreased (p<0.05) compared with the control. In comparing the natural antioxidants treatments, GIN evoked the largest improvement. Conclusion: The inclusion of GIN (200 mg/kg diet) appeared to improve the sexual desire, semen quality and oxidative stress of bucks. This may be a beneficial supplement for the management of rabbit bucks used in natural mating or artificial insemination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.445-449
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• 1998

Semen quality was compared between the local Katjang and the cross-bred (local Katjang ♀ ${\times}$ German Fawn ♂) bucks. There were on significant genotypic differences in semen characteristics of concentration (first ejaculate : $6.19{\pm}1.30$ -versus $6.33{\pm}1.40{\times}10^9/ml;$second ejaculate: $5.82{\pm}1.10$ - versus $5.68{\pm}1.45{\times}10^9/ml$, for Katjang and the cross-breds, respectively), percentage live (first ejaculate: $77.61{\pm}1.33%$ versus $77.81{\pm}0.53%$; second ejaculate: $81.97{\pm}1.59%$ versus $82.74{\pm}0.96%$, for Katjang and cross-breds, respectively) and percentage of normal sperms (first ejaculate: $12.54{\pm}3.88%$ versus $26.45{\pm}3.83%$; second ejaculate: $38.68{\pm}3.65%$ versus $28.54{\pm}4.38%$, for Katjang and cross-breds, respectively), with the exception of seminal volume and sperm motility. Means of all variables were within the values reported for other goat breeds, In contrast, the differences in semen characteristics between the first and second ejaculations of both genotypes were more distinct, the second ejaculations always had more volume, more normal sperms and better sperm motility but less sperm concentrations. Removing the seminal plasma and replacing it with tris-citrate buffer greatly prolonged the viability of sperms of both genotypes when stored at $5{^{\circ}C}$. Sperm motility seens to be a good indicator of sperm viability. However, the sperms of the corss-bred bucks withstood the washing process better and their swimming abilities were superior ($8.12{\pm}0.46mm/min$) when compared to those of the local Katjang breed ($5.42{\pm}0.49mm/min$). The higher content of calcium ions in their seminal plasma (first ejaculate: $10.5{\pm}0.8$ versus $10.6{\pm}0.8mg/100ml$;second ejaculate: $15.3{\pm}0.8$ versus $16.1{\pm}0.8mg/100ml$, for Katjang and cross-breds, respectively) means that in natural matings the sperms of the cross-breds would be at an advantage compared to those of the local Katjang, since calcium ions reportedly initiate acrosomal reactions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.474-480
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• 1996

순환여과 사육시스템에서 사육한 감성돔, Acanthopagrus schlegeli을 사용하여 배정시기에 따른 정액의 특성을 조사하였다. 사육한 감성돔의 배정기간은 1995년 4월 11일부터 6월 4일까지로 7주간이었다. 이 기간 동안 어체중 100 g당 채취된 정액량은 평균 $0.70{\pm}0.33ml$였으며, 배정기의 중반인 5월 2일부터 6월 4일까지는 비교적 높게 유지되었다. 배정기간 동안 날짜별 어체중 100g당 채정된 정자의 총 수는 배정기의 중반으로 갈수록 증가하여 5월 9일에 $3.32{\times}10^{10}$ 마리로 가장 많았다가 급격히 감소하였다. 정액 1 ml당 정자농도는 배정기 중반인 5월 2일에 가장 낮았다가 다시 증가하는 변화 경향을 보였다. 그러나 spermatocrit는 배정기간 동안 $94.8\~98.2$로 큰 변화가 없었다. 총 단백질, 총 지질, glucose 및 Na 농도는 정자나 정장에 비해 혈장이 모두 높은 값을 보였으나, K 농도는 혈장에 비해 정자나 정장에서 높은 값을 보였다. 정자와 정장에서의 총 단백질, 총 지질 및 K 농도는 정장에 비해 정자에서 높았으나, glucose 및 Na 농도는 반대로 정장에서 더 높았다. 정자와 정장의 glucose 농도는 4월과 6월에 비해 채취 정자의 총 수가 가장 많았던 5월에 각각 $4.2{\pm}2.7mg/100ml$ 와 $13.7{\pm}8.5mg/100ml$로 가장 높게 나타났다.