• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

Time-series forecasting is extensively used in the actual world. Recent research has shown that Transformers with a self-attention mechanism at their core exhibit better performance when dealing with such problems. However, most of the existing Transformer models used for time series prediction use the traditional encoder-decoder architecture, which is complex and leads to low model processing efficiency, thus limiting the ability to mine deep time dependencies by increasing model depth. Secondly, the secondary computational complexity of the self-attention mechanism also increases computational overhead and reduces processing efficiency. To address these issues, the paper designs an efficient multi-layer attention-based time-series forecasting model. This model has the following characteristics: (i) It abandons the traditional encoder-decoder based Transformer architecture and constructs a time series prediction model based on multi-layer attention mechanism, improving the model's ability to mine deep time dependencies. (ii) A cross attention module based on cross attention mechanism was designed to enhance information exchange between historical and predictive sequences. (iii) Applying a recently proposed sparse attention mechanism to our model reduces computational overhead and improves processing efficiency. Experiments on multiple datasets have shown that our model can significantly increase the performance of current advanced Transformer methods in time series forecasting, including LogTrans, Reformer, and Informer.

• 인지과학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-69
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• 2013

우리가 타인과 상호작용하거나 물체를 사용하는 동안 뇌에서는 신체 이미지를 추적하고 행위의 주체를 파악하려는 신경 정보처리가 끊임없이 이루어진다. 선조외 시각 피질(Extrastriate Body Area, EBA)은 신체에 관한 시각 입력과 우리 자신의 움직임에 관한 내적 신호들을 통합하여 행위 주체감(sense of agency) 생성을 위한 초기 신경 표상을 제공한다. 그러나 이러한 과정에서 물체의 기능적 특성이 행위주체에 따라서 어떻게 반영되는지 알려진 바는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구는 기능성 자기공명 영상 기법을 활용하여 자신 또는 타인이 도구를 사용하는 장면을 참가자들이 상상할 때 도구의 행동유도성(affordance)이 EBA의 신경 반응에 끼치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 각 시행에서 참가자들은 신체를 향해 사용하는 도구(예, 망원경)나 신체 바깥 방향으로 사용하는 도구(예, 주사위)를 제시받았다. 이 때, 도구를 둘러싼 사각형 테두리의 색깔에 따라서 참가자들은 자신 혹은 타인이 그 도구를 사용한다고 상상하였다. 실험 결과, 우반구 EBA는 참가자가 '자신'의 행위를 상상할 때 바깥 방향 도구 조건보다 신체 방향 도구 조건에서 더 많이 활성화되었으나, 참가자가 '타인'의 행위를 상상할 때는 도구의 사용 방향으로부터 영향을 받지 않았다. 후속 검사에 따르면 자신 조건과 타인 조건에서 각각 상상하는 동안 참가자가 느낀 생동감의 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 EBA가 도구의 행동유도성 정보를 신체 도식에 반영함으로써 행위 주체감을 향상시키고 우리 자신의 행동을 안내하는 데 기여하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

Seasonal changes in the CO₂ fixation rate and water-use efficiency in the leaves of six evergreen and two deciduous broad-leaved tree species on Jeju Island, Korea, were measured using a portable photosynthesis analyzer, to identify which species are most efficient in taking up CO₂ from the air. The CO₂ fixation rate was high in the deciduous species in spring and summer and decreased in fall, whereas it was high in the evergreen species in summer and fall and decreased in winter. The rate remained high in the deciduous tree Prunus yedoensis from spring to fall (> 7.1 μmol CO₂/m₂/s) and in two evergreen trees, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Cinnamomum camphora, in summer and fall (7.0 9.9 μmol CO₂/㎡/s). Therefore, these tree species fix atmospheric CO₂ effectively. The water-use efficiency was higher in evergreen species than in deciduous species regardless of the season. Exceptionally, it was high in the deciduous species Zelkova serrata in spring and summer (> 100 μmol CO₂/mol H₂O), suggesting that Z. serrata is a useful tree for dry conditions due to its tolerance of water stress. The regressions of the CO₂ fixation rate versus the evaporation rate and stomatal conductance were linear and non-linear, respectively. This suggests that the stomatal activity of leaves plays an important part in CO₂ fixation of plants. In conclusion, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, C. camphora, and P. yedoensis should be planted along roads or in urban spaces for the greening of cities and mitigation of CO₂ concentrations in the air.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.51-79
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• 2006

이 연구는 거리노숙인의 사회적 관계 중 노숙동료 관계를 중심으로 이들의 유대가 어떻게 형성되는지와 그 의미를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 질적 연구방법 중 문화기술지 연구전통을 따라 연구를 수행하였는데, 2005년 8월부터 약 6개월 동안 서울지역 주요 노숙지역과 일일이용시설의 노숙실태를 현장 조사하고, 노숙인 8명을 심층 인터뷰하여 자료를 수집했다. 스프래들리(Spradley, 1979)의 자료 분석절차에 따라 노숙인의 유대형성과 관련된 주요 영역을 확인하였는데, 이 영역들은 새롭게 노숙세계라는 낯선 시 공간에 떨어진 노숙인이 생존과 정체성의 위기를 노숙 동료와의 긴밀한 관계 형성을 통해 모면해 가는 과정을 보여 준다. 이러한 분석을 통해 거리노숙이라는 문화 속에서 노숙인들끼리의 유대는 (1) 새로운 고향의 의미, (2) 인정받기 위한 대체집단의 의미, (3) 세계 내 구별을 통한 자기 정체감 유지의 의미라는 주제를 갖는다는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 따르면 노숙인들의 자기 정체성은 이중적이고, 따라서 동료관계에 부여하는 의미와 해석 또한 이중성을 갖는다. 이는 노숙이라는 극단적 빈곤상태의 삭막한 세계에서 생존과 자기 존재감을 위한 동맹자원을 획득하는 과정에서 나타난 태도라고 할 수 있다. 이에 노숙인들이 생존 자원의 결핍은 물론 진정한 관계의 결핍을 갖고 있음을 밝히면서, 거리노숙 탈피를 위한 노숙인 지원 대책과 서비스가 보다 장기적 계획을 갖고, 질적으로 이루어져야함을 제언하고 있다.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2019

Where is a better place to live? In the coming era, this should be more than simply a livable place. It should be an adaptable place that has a flexible system adaptable to any new situation in terms of diversity. Customization and real-time operation are needed in order to realize this technologically. We expect a smart city to have a flexible system that applies technologies of self-monitoring and self-response, thereby being a promising city model towards being a better place to live. Energy demand and supply is a crucial issue concerning our expectations for the flexible system of a smart city because it is indispensable to comfortable living, especially city living. Although it may seem that energy diversification, such as the energy mix of a country, is a matter of overriding concern, the central point is the scale of place to build grids for realizing sustainable urban energy systems. A traditional hard energy path supported by huge centralized energy systems based on fossil and nuclear fuels on a national scale has already faced difficult problems, particularly in terms of energy flexibility/resilience. On the other hand, an alternative soft energy path consisting of small diversified energy systems based on renewable energy sources on a local scale has limitations regarding stability, variability, and supply potential despite the relatively light economic/technological burden that must be assumed to realize it. As another alternative, we can adopt a holonic path incorporating an alternative soft energy path with a traditional hard energy path complimentarily based on load management. This has a high affinity with the flexible system of a smart city. At a system level, the purpose of all of the paths mentioned above is not energy itself but the service it provides. If the expected energy service is fixed, the conclusive factor in choosing a more appropriate system is accessibility to the energy service. Accessibility refers to reliability and affordability; the former encompasses the level of energy self-sufficiency, and the latter encompasses the extent of energy saving. From this point of view, it seems that the small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path have a clear advantage over the huge centralized energy systems of a hard energy path. However, some insuperable limitations still remain, so it is reasonable to consider both energy systems continuing to coexist in a multiplexing energy system employing a holonic path to create and maintain reliable and affordable access to energy services that cover households'/enterprises' basic energy needs. If this is embodied in a smart city concept, this is nothing else but smart energy inclusion. In Japan, following the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a trend towards small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path intensified in order to realize a nuclear-free society. As a result, the Government of Japan proclaimed in its Fifth Strategic Energy Plan that renewable energy must be the main source of power in Japan by 2050. Accordingly, Sony vowed that all the energy it uses would come from renewable sources by 2040. In this situation, it is expected that smart energy inclusion will be achieved by the Japanese version of a smart grid based on the concept of a minimum cost scheme and demand response.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제47집
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• pp.1-37
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• 2023

본고에서는 한국근대의 신종교를 어떻게 이해할 것인가 하는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 신종교는 민족종교 혹은 민중종교의 성격을 지닌다. 그것은 조선사회가 근대의 역사적 전환기를 맞이하여 고취시킨 민족의식의 산물이다. 당시에 조선은 중국처럼 사회진화론의 발전사관속에 전통의 중건(重建)과 근대의 전환(轉換)과 같은 양단의 칼날에 직면해있었다. 전통의 중건은 반제국주의에 따른 민족의 계몽을 고양하는 역사적 사명감에 달려있다면 근대의 전환은 반봉건주의에 따른 민생의 계도와 민중의 교화를 도모하는 시대적 절박감에 달려있다. 본고에서는 이러한 역사적 전환기에 등장했던 신종교에 주목하고 특히 대순사상의 세계관을 집중적으로 조명한다. 그 중심적 논제 중의 하나로서 개벽의 선험주의적(先驗主義的) 문제를 집중적으로 논의한다. 대순사상의 진리는 민생을 계도하고 민중을 교화하는 현실적 인식의 종교적 차원을 지닌다. 개벽의 과정은 대순의 진리를 향해 천하대순(天下大巡)의 존재론적 시계를 확보하고 천지공사(天地公事)의 인식론적 세계를 설정하며 후천개벽(後天開闢)의 가치론적 경계에 도달하는 과정이다. 이들 삼중의 영역의 연결고리는 우주의 무궁무한적(無窮無限的) 시공간성을 천지의 틀 속에 후천의 시공간적 개벽으로 경험하는 선험주의적 노선을 특징으로 한다. 그 속에서 인간은 자신의 유한한 생명력에서 우주의 무한한 생명력을 만끽하고자 하였다. 따라서 대순사상은 후천의 개벽과 같은 선험주의적 통로를 통해 현실적 삶을 극복하고 선경과 같은 자각의식의 경계를 지향할 수 있는 것이다. 이는 초월적 관념의 세계를 추구하기보다는 현실적 세계에 참여하여 실천하려는 것이며, 따라서 소극적인 출세주의적(出世主義的) 경향보다는 적극적인 입세주의적(入世主義的) 경향을 지닌다. 결론적으로 말해, 후천의 개벽으로 특징짓는 대순사상의 진리에는 유토피아(Utopia)의 이상적 염원이나 디스토피아(Dystopia)의 현실적 혐오보다는 앞으로 희망과 기대를 갈구하는 넥스토피아(Nextopia)의 미래적 조망이 담겨있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1435-1439
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• 2004

Most recently, CP(Cellular Phone) has been one of the most important technologies in the IT(Information Tech-nology) field, and it is situated in a position of great importance industrially and economically. To produce the best CP in the world, a new technological concept and its advanced implementation technique is required, due to the extreme level of competition in the world market. The RT(Robot Technology) has been developed as the next generation of a future technology. Current robots require advanced technology, such as soft computing, human-friendly interface, interaction technique, speech recognition, object recognition etc. unlike the industrial robots of the past. Therefore, this paper explains conceptual research for development of the RCP(Robotic Cellular Phone), a new technological concept, in which a synergy effect is generated by the merging of IT & RT. RCP infra consists of $RCP^{Mobility}$ $RCP^{Interaction}$, $RCP^{Integration}$ technologies. For $RCP^{Mobility}$, human-friendly motion automation and personal service with walking and arming ability are developed. $RCP^{Interaction}$ ability is achieved by modeling an emotion-generating engine and $RCP^{Integration}$ that recognizes environmental and self conditions is developed. By joining intelligent algorithms and CP communication network with the three base modules, a RCP system is constructed. Especially, the RCP mobility system is focused in this paper. $RCP^{Mobility}$ is to apply a mobility technology, which is popular robot technology, to CP and combine human-friendly motion and navigation function to CP. It develops a new technological application system of auto-charging and real-world entertainment function etc. This technology can make a CP companion pet robot. It is an automation of human-friendly motions such as opening and closing of CPs, rotation of antenna, manipulation and wheel-walking. It's target is the implementation of wheel and manipulator functions that can give service to humans with human-friendly motion. So, this paper presents the definition, the basic theory and experiment results of the RCP mobility system. We confirm a good performance of the RCP mobility system through the experiment results.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2017

Korean-Japanese architect Itami Jun that proceeded with primeval architecture based on analogue ideas in the digital era realizing nomad architecture is delivering a totally different meaning in the modern time. Not like the Japanese architectural community equipped with rich technologies showed state-of-the-art architecture after 1980s, Itami Jun' formative consciousness intending to assimilate nature from the original position of things is thought to have started from the relationship with Korean-Japanese painters leading MONO-HA desiring to look at the world as it is and approach the source of existence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics from the viewpoint of 'Theory of Meeting' which is the essence of the work theory of Lee UFan that made the theoretical foundation of MONO-HA to understand Itami Jun's architectural space in the ideological aspect. Although the characteristics of marginal men appearing in Itami Jun's architectural space as others located on the boundary between Korea and Japan, art and architecture, and functions are valuable research objects, they have not been studied in the aspect of source, so it is needed to research his works and the source of the spatial ideas that led his works. Based on Theory of Meeting claiming that the world becomes the place of experience by the medium of objet which is the structure of meeting, and that human beings can meet the truly opened world by self-awareness through body, the expressive characteristics of Itami Jun's interior space was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that Itami Jun's interior space actively expressed Theory of Meeting on the unity of structure and space, and on the trans-boundary by the medium of objet. Conclusively, this study suggests that, in the reality of the modern interior design full of technology-intensive designs, analogue approach moving in the opposite way from technologies could be a better expressive method of design delivering the fundamental human emotions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2009

고대의 정신세계는 인류의 사상의 근원이 되는 소중한 가치를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 과학의 발달로 점차 소멸되어가는 인류의 근원적 정신세계를 고대 신화적 요소에서의 상징적 표현으로 나타나는 고대이집트 신들의 장신구로부터 연구하여, 신들의 장신구를 통해 반영되어진 고대인들의 정신세계의 독특한 인간관을 재조명하고자 한다. 이집트에서 장신구는 장식적 역할도 분명하지만, 그 근본적인 목적은 부적 즉, 신체의 취약한 부분에 지님으로써 신비적이고 적대적 힘으로부터 보호받기 위한 주술적 목적으로 사용되었다. 이러한 단면에서 시사하는 것처럼 인류는 인간 스스로 해결 할 수 없는 초월적인 문제를 초자연의 힘을 빌려 해결하려 하였고, 그 안에서 삶을 영위해가기를 추구하였다. 때문에 본 연구는 인류의 문명을 대표하고 있는 이집트 장신구의 형성 과정을 이집트 문화적 배경과 신화를 통해, 신들의 장신구에 내포되어 있는 정신적 의미와, 신들의 장신구의 역할이 무엇이었는지 알아보고, 또한 이집트인들이 신들의 장선 구를 통해 무엇을 염원하였는지 고찰하였다. 그 결과 이집트 신들의 장신구들은 첫째로 자연을 묘사하고 있었고 둘째는 선분의 상정, 성별의 구분과 종교의식의 의미를 지니고 있었으며 셋째로는 사후세계를 믿었음을 보여주었고 마지막으로 부활을 상징하고 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2014

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has the natural assets resulting in UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, World Heritage Listed and World Geopark Certification, so the principle of 'Conservation First Development Later' has been set up for the vision of environmental policy to preserve these assets. This case study has been carried out to investigate the realization of the principle of 'Conservation First Development Later' for the development projects performed environmental impact assessment from 1994 to 2012 in Jeju Province, using geographic information systems(GIS). The Jeju Province has its own ordinance to consult and operate an environmental impact assessment(EIA) system. In particular, the conservation area, such as, Absolute/Relative Conservation Area and Underground Water, Ecosystem and View Conservation Zone, has been assigned and managed specially to conserve the natural environment. The 179 projects has been performed EIA for last 18 years in Jeju Province, and then the Absolute Conservation Area has been included in 22 projects and the Relative Conservation Area has been included in 34 projects. However, the 2 projects only have included the Absolute Conservation Area for 7 years after 2005. This result suggests that the application of the principle for the Absolute Conservation Area is strengthened gradually. On the other hand, the 17 projects and the 24 projects have included the Underground Water Conservation Zone assigned grade 1 and 2, respectively, and the number has been increasing after 2004. The results show that it needs to strengthen the application of the principle for this Zone. And the Ecosystem Conservation Zone assigned grade 1 and 2 have been included in 1 project and 9 projects, respectively. It is considered from this result that the principle is realized successfully for the Ecosystem Conservation Zone. In addition, it could be known that the principle is applied well for the View Conservation Zone, in this study.