• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.80-99
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• 1996

Young black men(YBM) have the most severs levels of high blood pressure(HBP) and, in all reports but one, the lowest of HBP control of any age /sex /race group. To increase entry into care, remaining in care, and BP control for young(18-49 years) Black men, It is needed to review socio-demographic, medical characteristics, and behaviors(importance of and difficulty with HBP control behaviors, or worry about mdication) for experimental intervention study(educational- behavior strategies) of hypertensive urban young black men. The 204 participants had an average age of 38.8+7.0 years and an average educational level of $11.0{\pm}2.4$ years; only 23.1% were employed full- or part-time while 26% were on disability ; and 6% were married. Only 35.3% had an MD for HBP care and 37.3% had some form of health insurance. The average BP of those men currently being in care on medication(35.3%) was $148.2/95.1{\pm}19.5/11.3$ compared to those men not taking HBP care $153.7/99.1{\pm}14.0/9.8(p<.05)$. The average creatinine level was 1.3(excluding 3 marked elevations of 15.9, 9.6, and 7.7) for the 163 men consenting to have their blood drawn. Self-reported co-morbidity induded heart disease 7.8%, diabetes 8.9%, high cholesterol 18.2%, CVA 3.4%, alcohol and drug related problems 27.9% and 22.5% respectively. The kidney disease of those men currently being in care & on medication was 9.7 compared to those men not taking HBP care 0.8(p<.05). The problems of with sex life, physicl activity and dearly thinking of those men currently being in care & on medication was higher compared to those men not taking HBP care(p<.05). Questions of 'during the past month, on how many days did you have 5 or more drinks (bottles) of any alcoholic beverag?' and smoking of those men currently being in care & on medication was 18.1% and 72.2% compared to those men not taking HBP care 27.3 and 82.6%, respectively. HBP control behaviors was assessed with 1-5 point Likert subscales(5=extreme, 1-none at all), In general, th men reportd low levels of perceived psychological barrier to HBP care and control behaviors; importance of and difficulty with HBP control behaviors, or worry about mdication. For example, on a five point scale(1=none at all, 5=extreme), average ratings for perceived important and difficulty with BP care and behaviors were 2.8(SD=1.2) and 2.5(SD=1.1). Average ratings for perceived benefit with BP care and behaviors worry about medication of those men currently being in care on medication was 4.0(SD=0.9) and 2.2(SD=1.1) compared to those men not taking HBP care 3.6(SD=0.8), 2.8 (SD=1.6) respectively(p<.05). These data support the need for educational-behavioral strategies of community health nurse to improve high blood pressure control in this high risk group through perceived barriers to treatment, health care skills and use of resources, and social support.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.495-521
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• 2009

본고는 식품위험이 현실화되지 않은 상황에서 건강위해에 대한 심리적 불안과 우려로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 소비감소와 후생손실을 2008년 4월 미국산 쇠고기 수입재개 발표에 따른 BSE 위험을 사례로 분석하였다. 조건부가치측정법이나 실험시장접근법을 사용하여 식품안전에 대한 소비자들의 단위당 지불의사나 가격프리미엄을 도출했던 기존의 연구들과는 달리, 소비자들이 기록한 쇠고기 구입량, BSE 위험에 대한 주관적 심각성, 표본내 개인들이 직면한 가격지수 등을 산정하여 개인별 쇠고기 수요함수를 추정하고 소비자들이 주관적으로 체험하는 정확한 후생효과인 동등변화(EV)와 소비자잉여의 변화를 측정함으로써 소비자들이 식품안전성에 부여하는 가치를 측정하였다. 2008년 10월 말부터 11월 중순까지 쇠고기를 소비하는 360명의 주부들을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사 자료를 사용하여 쇠고기 수요함수를 추정한 결과, 수입재개 발표 전 후의 경우 모두 자체 가격, 대체재의 가격, 그리고 소득변수 등의 부호가 경제이론에 부합되었고 통계적으로 유의하였으며 발표 전 후 두 기간 동안에 큰 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 반면에 수업재개 발표 이후 형성된 BSE 위험에 대한 심각성을 나타내는 변수는 발표 이후의 수요함수에서는 통계적으로 유의한 부의 부호를 가진 반면에, 발표 이전의 수요함수에서는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 그리하여 수입재개 발표 후의 BSE 위험에 대한 우려증가로 인한 품질저하 인식에 따른 소비자들의 후생손실을 측정한 결과 가구당 30,000원 정도로 계산되었다. 또한 이 정도의 후생손실을 가져올 BSE 위험에 대한 우려수준은 수입재개 전에 비하여 35% 이상 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2011

치과위생사 직업명칭에 대한 인지도를 파악하기 위해 경기도 평택시에 소재하는 한 고등학교의 재학생 중 각 학년별로 70명씩 할당추출을 하여 총 210명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 일반적 특성 및 치과진료경험에 따른 인지도와 다른 보건의료직종 직업명칭 인지도 등을 빈도분석, 교차분석, 로지스틱 회귀분석 등에 의해 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 일반적 특성 중 여학생은 19.3%가 치과위생사 직업명칭을 인지하고 있으나, 남학생의 인지율은 5.7%에 불과하였다(p=0.006). 학년에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 자연계 학생들의 인지율은 24.2%로서 인문계 학생들의 인지율(14.3%)보다 높았다(p=0.037). 치과진료경험, 치과정기검진, 구강보건교육 경험 등에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 보건의료직종 중 직업명칭에 대한 인지도는 간호사가 가장 높고(93.8%), 치과의사(78.1%), 물리치료사(52.4%), 간호조무사(15.7%), 치과위생사(14.8%), 치과기공사(12.9%), 방사선사(10.0%), 임상병리사(3.3%), 작업치료사(1.0%) 순으로 나타났다. 조사대상자 중 '치과위생사'라고 정확하게 기재한 학생은 8명(3.8%)에 불과하였고, 23명(11.0%)이 '치위생사'라고 응답하였다. 3. 치과위생사 직업명칭 인지에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알기 위해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 성별(Wald=4.287, p=0.038)과 임상병리사(Wald=7.016, p=0.008) 및 물리치료사(Wald=12.630, p<0.001) 직업명칭 인지 여부가 통계적으로 유의한 관련이 나타났다. 결론적으로, 치과위생사라는 직업명칭에 대한 인지도는 간호사, 치과의사, 물리치료사 등 다른 보건의료직종에 비해 매우 낮은 수준이며, 치과위생사에 대한 직업인지도를 높이기 위한 다각적인 노력이 필요하다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.603-622
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• 2012

The population aged 95 years and older in Seoul approximately increased to five-fold over the past 10 years, while nationwide rates increased to three-fold. In order to examine the dietary habit and nutritional status of oldest-old population living in Seoul, we recruited 87 subjects (25 males and 62 females) aged 95 years and older. The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 $kg/m^2$) and obesity (BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) were 18.2% and 18.2% in males, and 20.8% and 9.4% in females, respectively. In self-assessment of health, only 25.3% answered to be unhealthy. More males exercised regularly and reported a wide range of activities than females. The average of %Kcal from carbohydrate, protein and fat (C : P : F) was 64.9 : 13.8 : 21.2 in males and 68.1 : 14.2 : 17.7 in females. The average daily energy intake was 1,307 kcal in males and 1,304 kcal in females. More than 75% of subjects were taking under estimated average requirements (EAR) for vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ & C and Ca. The average of mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.66 in males and 0.70 in females, and 28.8% of males and 12.9% of females were in MAR < 0.50. Based on MAR, 32.0% of males and 14.5% females were classified as normal and 16.0% of males and 25.8% of females were classified as malnourished. Our subjects were taking more animal food, especially milk and its products, compared to those living, in rural areas. However, a significant proportion did not meet the EAR for vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ & C and Ca.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2020

연구의 목적은 학부별 눈높이에서 치과위생사의 의료인화에 대한 의견을 수집하여 정책 반영에 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 비보건계열인 유아교육과, 미용예술과, 보건계열의 치위생과 전공자 중 2학년 여대생 180명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행한 후 빈도분석과 교차분석을 통한 카이제곱 검정을 실시하였다. 전공별로 치과위생사의 법적 업무와 법적 외 업무에 대한 인식정도는 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 있었고, 유아교육과 전공자들은 96.7%, 미용예술과 전공자들은 73.3%, 치위생과 전공자들은 85.0%가 치과위생사를 의료인이라고 생각하고 있었다. 그 이유로는 유아교육과 치위생과 전공자들의 경우는 1순위로 국가시험을 통해 보건복지부 장관이 면허증을 교부하기 때문에 각각 32.8%, 41.2%로 가장 높았으나, 미용예술 전공의 전공자들은 치과의사의 지도하에 시행하는 진료의 보조가 31.8%로 가장 높게 나타나 학과별로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

본 연구는 보건계열 대학생의 스마트폰 과다사용이 주의력결핍, 학습환경과 학습지연행동에 미치는 융합적 영향을 파악하고자 2017년 3월 6일부터 6월 12일까지 부산광역시 보건계열 255명의 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 스마트폰 사용 특성에 따른 스마트폰 과다사용정도, 주의력결핍, 학습환경, 학업지연행동 정도는 스마트폰의 하루 사용시간, 스마트폰 중독 인식과 수업시간 개인사용 경험에 유의한 결과를 보였다(p<0.001). 스마트폰 과다사용은 주의력결핍(r=0.870, p<0.01), 학습환경(r=0.812, p<0.01), 학업지연행동(r=0.772, p<0.01)과 정적상관을 보였고, 주의력결핍은 학습환경(r=0.918, p<0.01), 학업지연행동(r=0.798, p<0.01)과 정적 상관을 보였다. 학습환경은 학업지연행동(r=0.777, p<0.01)과 정적 상관을 보였다. 스마트폰 과다사용이 미치는 영향요인은 주의력결핍(p<0.001), 학업지연행동(p<0.01)순으로 나타났다. 따라서 스마트폰 중독예방과 올바른 스마트폰 사용으로 보건계열 대학생의 건강한 학습환경 조성이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2004

Objectives : Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among women in Busan. The Pap smear test could have a significant effect on detecting cervical cancer, and enhancing their rate of use is an important strategy for reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the past use of the Pap smear test in Korean women. Methods : A population-based survey was carried out in Busan between November 1999 and March 2000. 1,673 participants were randomly selected from 2,684 women in Busan, using a 2-stage cluster sampling method, and interviewed in their homes. Their socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, drinking, familial cancer history, Pap smear screening history, reproductive and menstrual factors, sexual habits and use of contraceptive methods data were collected by a trained interviewer using a questionnaire. The use of the screening test was defined by a self-report from the participants on how many times they had had a Pap smear test in their lifetime, and when they had received their latest examination. Results : Of the 1,673 respondents (62.3% response rate), 57.6% had had a Pap smear test during her life (mean number, 2.3). Among the health examination participants(1,064), 961(90.3%) reported having sexual experience and 70.9% of these had had a Pap smear test. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, statistically significant relationships were observed for age groups and the Pap smear test rate (odds ratio, OR for 35-44 years=2.45; OR for 45-54 years=3.41; OR for 55 years=2.60; reference, under 34 years). The married or cohabiting women were more likely to have used the Pap smear test than those separated or widowed (OR=1.73). Among the reproductive behavioral measures, the number of births (OR for 3 births=4.22; OR for 2 births=3.95; OR for 1 births=3.38; reference, 0 births) and husband's extra-marital affairs (OR=1.50) were associated with the rates of use of Pap smear tests. Conclusion : It appears that the most important contributing factors to cervical cancer screening were age, marital status and number of births. A positive association was also observed for the husband's extra-marital affairs. This study enabled us to systematically assess the relationship between Pap smear rates and risk factors for cervical cancer. It is hoped that this study will make a significant contribution to the accumulating scientific evidence on the identification of factors associated with cervical cancer screening in Korea.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate gender equality consciousness among elementary school teachers and the 6th graders at 3 rural area in Korea. Methods: There were 78 teachers and 323 6th graders from five elementary schools in Y area in Jeonnam province. The data was collected with 3 structured self-reported questionnaire from June to July 2003. The instrument, which was developed by Korean Women Development Institute to test gender equality consciousness, was composed of 20-items (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .87 in teachr group; Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .83 in children group) with four subcategories: family life, school life, business life, and social life. The data was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and t-test using SPSS/PC+. Results: 1. Teachers' gender equality consciousness: The teachers' gender equality consciousness was significantly more affirmative in females (t = 5.313, p = .001) and in the younger teacher group (F = 24.710, p = .001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference according to marital status. The differences in all four subcategories were also significantly affirmative in the female and younger teacher group. 2. Students' gender equality consciousness: The gender equality consciousness among the 6th graders was somewhat different from the teachers'. School girls (t = 8.988, p = .001) and children from double income families (t = 3.171, p = .042) were more affirmative in gender equality consciousness than the other groups. In the four sub-categories, school girls were also significantly more affirmative in all four subcategories. On the other hand, according to the family income source, the children from double income families also tended to be more affirmative only in the subcategory of family life (t = 3.196, p = .042) Conclusions: Gender equality consciousness is remarkably different according to gender both in Korean elementary school teachers and in school children. Age was a key variable in teachers for gender equality consciousness. Further research in gender equality consciousness of parents, school principals and urban school population would be useful. In order to promote gender equality consciousness, various educational materials and a mass education campaign should be developed.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.174-199
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• 1995

This study examined the antenatal care known as Taekyo. The sample consisted of 795 women and 564 men who had be seen in the antenatal care unit, delivery room, or postpartal care unit of general hospitals in Korea between March 20 and April 22, 1995. Data were collected using the "Taekyo questionnaire for childbearing women" and "Taekyo questionnaire for husbands of childbearing women" developed by researchers. Data were self-reported. Data were analyzed using the SPSS PC+ program, and descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Encouragement to practice Taekyo was at a relatively high level. Items on Taekyo encouraging behaviors had a mean score of 3.51(33 items 5 point scale). According to the five categories of Taekyo encouraging behaviors, subjects indicated they practice "food intake(mean score 4.02)". "praying(mean score 3.78)", "cumulative virtuous deeds (mean score 3.58)". "mind and body management(mean score 3.47)", "maternal fetal interaction(mean score 3.15)". 2. The childbearing women's practices related to forbidden behaviors by Taekyo were relatively high. Item on forbidden behaviors by Taekyo had a mean score 3.71(43 items 5 point scale). According to the five categories of forbidden behaviors by Taekyo, subjects indicated they practiced "voluntary abstention of drugs(mean score 4.78)," avoiding behaviors(mean score 4.78)," avoiding behaviors(mean score 3.77), "good behaviors(mean score 3.71)", "taboo on fetal death tendency (mean score 3.53)", "taboo on certain intake(mean score 3.47)". 3. The practice score of husbands for childbearing women which related to Taekyo behaviors were relatively high. Item on Taekyo behaviors had a mean score 3.59(33 items 5 point scale). According to the six categories of Taekyo behavior, subjects indicated they practiced "mind and body management(mean score 3.94)", "praying(mean score 3.80)", "support of women’s practice related to Taekyo(mean score 3.66)", "good behaviors(mean score 3.58)", "continency(mean score 3.33)", "paternal fetal interaction (mean score 3.19)". 4. On the childbearing women's perception of Taekyo, most of the subjects(88%) had confidence in the positive effects of Taekyo on Child development. The result showed that the childbearing couples practiced Taekyo behavior relatively often and sincerely and most of the childbearing women had a positive perception of Taekyo's effect on prenatal child development.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the stressors and coping behaviors among the 5th 6th graders at Gwangju city. The subjects were 352 elementary school students and the data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from June 19 to July 21, 2003. Study instrument to investigate stressors was developed 40-items summated scale (${\alpha}$ = .87) with four subcategories: 8-items individualistic (${\alpha}$ = .72), ll-items family life-related (${\alpha}$= .70), 14-items school life-related (${\alpha}$= .76) and 7 socio-environmental (${\alpha}$= .63) factors. And the instrument to examine stress coping behaviors was also developed 30-items summated scale (${\alpha}$= .82) with three subcategories: 10-items active (${\alpha}$= .72), 10-passive (${\alpha}$= .75), and 10-mystic (${\alpha}$ = .70) coping behaviors. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/PC+ program. The results were summarized as follows: Mean score of stressors was $66.6{\pm}14.45$ out of 160. There were no significant differences in total scores of stressors in terms of gender, grade, number of siblings and the school location The score of individualistic stressors, on the other hand, was tended to be significant higher in the 6th graders (t = -2.155, p = .032) and the school children in Gwangsangu district where has mixed rural and urban characteristics (F = 2.400, p = .049). Mean score of stress coping behaviors was $61.3{\pm}12.24$ out of 120. It was significantly different in terms of number of siblings (t = 2.108, p = .036) and the school location (F = 4.928, p = .001). In several subcategories, the mean scores of active coping behaviors were significantly higher in the only children group (t = -2.127, p = .034) and Donggu district where traditional downtown area (F = 2.410, p = .050). and passive (F = 4.013, p = .003) and mystic coping (F = 2.720, p= .030) were also significantly higher in the same district. In conclusion, the score of stressors of children in Gwangju city showed relatively low as that of other areas, and the children utilized active coping behaviors more frequently in various stressful situations.