• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study is to determine knowledge about lung cancer among secondary school male teachers in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among three secondary schools located in Kudat district, Sabah, Malaysia during the period from June until September 2012. The protocol of this study was approved by ethics committee of Management and Science University, Malaysia. The aims were explained and a consent form was signed by each participant. Respondents were chosen randomly from each school with the help of the headmasters. Self-administrated questionnaires, covering socio-demographic characteristics and general knowledge of lung cancer, were distributed. Once all 150 respondents completed the questionnaire, they passed it to their head master for collecting and recording. All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13. ANOVA and t-test were applied for univariate analysis; and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 150 male secondary school teachers participated in this study. Their mean age was $35.6{\pm}6.5$ (SD); maximum 50 and minimum 23 years old. More than half of the participants were Malay and married (52%, 79%; respectively). Regarding the knowledge about lung cancer, 57.3% of the participants mentioned that only males are affected by lung cancer. Some 70.7% mentioned that lung cancer can be transmitted from one person to another. More than half (56.7%) reported that lung cancer is not the leading cause of death in Malaysian males. As for risk factors, the majority reported that family history of lung cancer is not involved. However, 91.3% were aware that cigarettes are the main risk factor of lung cancer and more than half (52%) believed that second-hand smoking is one of the risk factor of lung cancer. More than half (51.3%) were not aware that asbestos, ionizing radiation and other cancer causing substances are risk factors for lung cancer. Quitting smoking, avoiding second-hand smoking and avoiding unnecessary x-ray image of the chest (53.3%, 96.0%, 87.3%; respectively) are the main preventive measures mentioned by the participants. For the factors that influence the participants knowledge, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only race was significant. Conclusions: Overall, the knowledge of school male teachers about lung cancer was low. However, few items were scored high: cigarettes are the main risk factor; avoiding second-hand smoking; and avoiding x-rays. Interventions to increase lung cancer awareness are needed to improve early detection behavior. Increase the price of pack of cigarettes to RM 20 and banning smoking in public places such as restaurants are highly recommended as primary preventive measures.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2915-2925
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• 2013

본 연구는 간호대 학생들의 도덕 판단력과 윤리적 의사결정 유형을 파악하고 실습에서 경험한 윤리적 딜레마를 분석한 연구이다. 자료 수집은 2-4학년 학생 189명의 구조화된 설문지와 윤리적 문제에 대한 자가 보고로 이루어졌다. 기간은 2012년 11월6일에서 20일 까지 하였다. 학생들의 P(%)점수는 2학년 47.92, 3학년 43.74, 4학년 43.75였다. 4단계 점수는 22.37, 22.98, 19.74였다. 4학년의 P(%)점수는 3학년보다 떨어지지 않았고, 4단계 점수는 감소하였는데, 이는 윤리교육 효과에 대한 선행 연구결과와 같았다. 이와 같은 결과는 학생들의 자발적인 사례발표와 토론의 결과라 할 수 있다. 학생들이 가장 선호하는 윤리적 의사결정은 유형3(35.45%)이었다. 학생들이 실습에서 경험한 윤리적 딜레마는 7개 항목으로 환자의 권리와 존엄성 손상, 치료와 간호 표준 불이행, 임종 준비와 죽음 순이었다. 본 연구는 학생들이 실습에서 경험하는 윤리문제를 스스로 분석하고 개방적인 토론을 하는 윤리교육에 대한 후속 연구를 제언한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.76-93
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• 1998

Three hundred sixty-two(male 131, female 231) elderly aged over 65 in Chungb- uk area were interviewed to determine the disease states and drug usage patterns. The prebalence of disease was 78% and women reported more chronic diseases(83%) than men(71%). Elderly who live with spouse and have an occupation have a lower rate of disease. Average number of diseases of the elderly was $1.8\pm{1.1}$, and women$(2.1\pm{1.3)}$ have significantly higher average number of diseases than that of men$(1.4\pm{0.7)}$. Also the elderly in urban areas$(2.1\pm{1.4)}$ have significantly higher number of diseases than that of the elderly in rural areas$(1.6\pm{0.9)}$. Arthritis, hypertension, cardiovascular and gastric diseases were the most frequently listed chronic diseases in order for both men and women. Anemia and fracture of bone were relatively higher in women than in men. Particularly, the arthritis of the urban elderly have a rate of 1.5 times higher than that of the rural elderly. Fifty-two percent of the elderly were currently using drugs ; among drug users 71.2% used prescription drugs and 20.5% used nonprescription drugs. The average number taken per person was 2.1$\pm$1.4 and there was no sex or age difference. However, the elderly in rural areas $(2.7\pm{1.7)}$ consumed a significantly higher number of drugs than those in urban areas$(1.7\pm{0.7)}$. The average number of prescripti- on drugs taken was 2.0$\pm$1.4 while the average of nonprescription drugs taken was $(1.3\pm{0.6)}$. Analgesics and antihypertensive drugs were most commonly used. Vitamin and analgesics were the most frequently used self-prescribed drugs. It was noted that potential adverse drug interaction by concominant drug consumption for arthritis and antihypensive drug, abuse of digestants and antiacid without treatment of the underlying disease, and misuse of quick-acting bowel medications were problematic for the elderly. In addition drugs used for the elderly have some adverse effect on the digestive system. The types and composition of drugs used by the elderly were identified and presented. Medication compliance was poor and 13.5% reported adverse reactions such as edema, heartburn, nausea, and difficulty with eating. Seventeen percent of the elderly obtained drugs arranged by those other than medical staff. Also, even among those elderly who obtained drugs prescribed by a doctor, 69.1% of subjects had not receive instruction about potential adverse reactions. These results suggest that nutritional problems related to drug usage might exist and so dietitians, either individually or as members of health teams, need to have a better understanding of drug-nutrient interaction and closer supervision, and drug information/education service should therefore be provided to prevent or minimize adverse drug reaction in elderly users of medication.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a 3-week family medicine clerkship program based on the results of an online survey taken by the students (N=127) and a structured interview with a focus group (n=10), aimed to improve the quality of the clerkship program. The online survey contained questions pertaining to goals, schedule, contents, arrangement, atmosphere, environment, evaluation, and satisfaction regarding the clerkship. The focus group interview addressed the schedule and achievements of the program. Scores were reported on a 5-point Likert scale. Most students were highly satisfied with the overall quality of the clerkship. The structured interview results showed that 97.6% of the clerkship program was executed according to the schedule. The focus group reported a perfect score of 5 points on several measures including: accomplishment of the educational goals of the family medicine clerkship, providing many chances to obtain medical histories and perform physical examinations on real patients, experience with various symptoms and diseases, positive attitudes of faculty members when teaching, notification of the guidelines for evaluation beforehand, well-constructed and effective clerkship schedule, and reflection of student feedback. However, the focus group gave low scores on: support for health accidents of students, access to patient information, enough opportunities to practice clinical skills, appropriate rest facilities for students, and fairness of clerkship evaluation process. In conclusion, the structured evaluation performed after the 3-week clerkship program motivated students and helped them ensure an efficient clerkship. This structured evaluation also suggested basic data to make the professor who is subject of the assessment. This study shows that structured assessment is an effective method which can be used to improve the quality of clerkships.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2017

본 연구는 중소사업장에 종사하는 생산직 근로자를 대상으로 치석제거 경험 관련요인을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 조사대상은 광주광역시 188개 중소기업 중 편의추출법으로 5개 사업장을 선정하여 사업장에 근무하는 근로자 455명을 대상으로 자가 보고형 설문조사를 통해 일반적 특성과 근무관련특성, 치석제거 경험 등을 조사하였다. 빈도분석, t-검정, 교차분석, 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대상자의 최근 1년 이내 치석제거 경험은 47.0%였으며, 근로자의 연령이 낮은 경우(aOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.60~5.96), 직위가 높은 경우(aOR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.55~4.63), 구강건강에 대한 관심도가 높은 경우(aOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.02~4.52), 최근 1년간 정기적인 구강 검진 경험이 있는 경우(aOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.50~5.11), 치석제거 건강보험급여화를 인지하고 있는 경우(aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.80~4.72)가 치석제거 경험의 가능성이 높았다. 결론적으로 치석제거 경험은 47.0%로 비교적 낮았으며, 치석제거 경험에 관련된 요인들은 연령, 직위, 사용 중인 구강관리보조용품, 정기적인 구강검진, 구강질환으로 인한 조퇴 경험, 치석제거 급여화 인지여부였다. 이러한 요인들을 고려하여 근로자의 근무환경 개선 및 치석제거의 인식도 향상을 통해 치석제거 경험률을 높인다면 향후 근로자들의 치주관리에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.507-518
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 성인의 식품안정성에 따른 플라보노이드 섭취 실태를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제 4, 5기 (2007~2012) 국민건강영양조사 자료와 한국인 상용식품의 플라보노이드 데이터베이스를 이용하여 식품안정성에 따른 총 플라보노이드 및 개별 플라보노이드 섭취량, 식품군 섭취량, 주요 급원 식품군 및 10개 식품을 분석하였다. 국민건강영양조사 식생활형편 문항을 이용하여 대상자를 식품안정성 확보군과 미확보군으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 남녀 모두에서 연령, 조사기수, 가구 소득수준, 교육수준, 월간음주 여부, 식이보충제 복용 여부, 외식 빈도에 따른 두 군의 분포에 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 남녀 모두 총 플라보노이드, 플라보놀, 플라본, 플라바논, 플라바놀, 이소플라본, 프로안토시아니딘 섭취량이 식품안정성 미확보군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 총 섭취 열량을 보정한 후에는 총 플라보노이드, 플라본, 플라바논, 플라바놀 섭취량만 유의하게 낮았다. 총 열량 보정 후, 안토시아니딘과 프로안토시아니딘은 여성에서만 식품안정성 미확보군의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았다. 총 플라보노이드 섭취량은 식품안정성 수준이 불량할수록 낮아지는 경향도 발견되었다. 식품안정성 미확보군은 식품안정성 확보군보다 채소류, 과일류 등의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고, 과일류, 채소류로부터 섭취한 플라보노이드의 양이 유의하게 적었다. 식품안정성 확보군의 주요 급원 식품은 사과 (20.7%), 귤 (12.0%), 두부 (11.5%) 등이며, 식품안정성 미확보군의 주요 급원식품은 사과 (14.9%), 두부 (13.3%), 귤 (12.6%) 등으로, 미확보군의 플라보노이드 섭취에 기여하는 식품 중 두류 및 그 제품의 비율이 비교적 높고, 과일류의 비율이 비교적 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 식품안정성과 플라보노이드 섭취량에 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었고, 이는 식품안정성에 따른 식품 섭취의 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 파악되었다. 추후 더욱 정확한 식품안정성 조사 자료와 더욱 포괄적인 파이토케미컬 섭취 자료를 이용한 연구가 수행되면 식품안정성에 따른 식사의 질 차이에 대한 이해가 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2020

목적 : 본 연구에서는 통계청의 '2014년 생활시간 조사' 원자료를 사용하여 장애 청소년의 시간 사용 분석과 작업 유형별 시간 사용에 대한 자기 만족도를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 통계청에서 추출한 자료를 활용해 10세에서 24세 장애 청소년 84명을 작업치료실행체계-3을 기준으로 6개의 작업 영역으로 재분류했다. 작업 유형은 개인의 시간 사용량을 기준으로 하여 분류하였다. 마지막으로 작업 유형에 따라 시간 사용에 대한 자기 만족감을 확인하였다. 결과 : 장애 청소년의 전체 시간 사용량은 휴식과 수면 영역(42.33%)의 시간 사용이 가장 많았고 그 다음 일상 영역(21.69%), 교육 영역(16.44%), 여가 영역(14.15%), 사회참여 영역(3.46%), 놀이 영역(1.93%) 순이었다. 작업 유형을 분석한 결과, 역균형 유형 10.71%, 활동과다 유형 50.00%, 활동과소 유형 28.57%, 균형 유형 10.71% 이었으며, 휴식과 수면 영역, 일상 영역, 교육 영역, 여가 영역에서 유형별 유의한 차이를 보였다. 시간 사용 부족감에 대해서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 시간 사용 만족감에서는 유형별 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 균형 유형이 가장 만족한다고 느꼈다. 결론 : 장애 청소년의 시간 사용을 활용한 작업 균형 분석과 시간 사용에 관한 부족감 및 만족감 분석을 통하여 장애 청소년의 삶의 질과 건강을 증진 시킬 수 있는 중재 활동의 기초 자료로 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence of community residing climacteric women, and to identify the relationship between urinary incontinence and quality of life. The subjects of this study were 156 women(45 to 59 years old). Data was collected from Sep. 1 to Dec. 1 2002 by an interview or self-reporting by a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of items of general characteristics, urinary characteristics, and conditions of urinary incontinence, using the modified Henderickson's stress incontinence scale(1981), and the quality of life scale developed by RO, You Ja(1988). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test and AVOVA. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 76.3%. Of the incontinent women, 42.0% had experienced urinary incontinence for a period of one to three years. Frequency of urinary incontinence was once or twice per day for 42.9% of the urinary incontinent women. Most of the participation with urinary incontinence(91.6%) had mild leakage of urine. In the whole urinary incontinent women, 70.6% had never treated or managed their urinary incontinence. Most of the subjects(79.8%) were mildly incontinent, and the prevalence of moderate and severe urinary incontinence was 20.2%. The mean scores among the items of urinary incontinence, in descending order, were increase of abdominal pressure($1.45{\pm}1.05$), coughing($1.16{\pm}0.93$), and sneezing($1.03{\pm}0.92$). 2. The average score in the level in the quality of life variables was 3.12. The urinary incontinence and quality of life were correlated negatively(r=-0.103, p<0.001). 3. There were statistically significant differences in the score of climacteric woman's self reported quality of life according to : amount of urinary incontinence(F=12.68, P=0.001), duration of urinary incontinence(F=6.97, P=0.009), number of urinary incontinence(F=4.77, P=0.03), existence of urinary incontinence(t=148, P=0.05). In conclusion, this study was a preliminary study to provide nursing practice guidelines for climacteric woman with urinary incontinence. Nurses working with climacteric woman should develop and provide adequate care for the incontinent climacteric subjects. In future research, it is recommended to identify comprehensive factors related to urinary incontinence, including the effective management of urinary incontinence.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits, the nutritional knowledge and the consumption patterns of convenience foods of 618 university students located in the Gwangju area, from November twentieth to November thirtieth, 2002. The subjects included 301 males (48.7%) and 317 females (51.3%). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The percentage of students who were underweight, normal and overweight based on their body mass index (BMI) was 3.7, 88.0 and 8.3 far the males, and 29, 71 and 0 for the females, respectively. Most students (73.8%) skipped breakfast. This was because of lack of time (65.1%) of the cases. Self-reported eating habit problems were eating irregular meal (52.4%), overeating (21%), prejudiced meal (12.4%) and skipping meal (7.4%). The type of favorite snack was biscuit (31.9%) and cup Ramyon (31.9%). The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 88.0% and 85.8% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 35.9% and 28% respectively. Males ate fiequently cup Ramyon (2.08 $\pm$ 2.95), fries (pork cutlet, fried potato) (1.91 $\pm$ 2.58), Ramyon (1.81 $\pm$ 3.00) and kimbab (1.70 $\pm$ 3.17) more frequently, while females ate kimbab (2.25 $\pm$ 3.26), cup Ramyon (1.89 $\pm$ 2.09), fries (pork cutlet, fried potato) (1.77 $\pm$ 2.67), Ramyon (1.46 $\pm$ 1.1.95) and fish paste (1.45 $\pm$ 2.22) more frequently. The nutritional knowledge score was higher in females than in males. The mean consumption patterns of convenience foods of students living in home were lower than that of students living in dormitory and boarding w/cooking. When the amount of pocket money available and the body mass index increased and the nutritional knowledge level was low, the mean consumption of convenience foods increased. The mean consumption of convenience foods correlated negatively with nutritional knowledge (p < 0.01). Therefore, nutritional education for university students is needed so as to improve their health and nutritional education program should be developed to meet the various needs of these students. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 181~191, 2003)

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2017

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제4기와 제5기(2007년~2012년) 자료를 이용하였으며, 구강검진 조사자료가 제공되지 않은 2011년 자료를 제외하고, 20세 이상의 성인 11,643명을 대상으로 연도별 흡연 유형별 치주질환의 추이를 살펴보고, 치주질환에 영향을 주는 인자를 평가하였다. 5개년도를 통합한 자료에서는 비흡연자에 비해 직접흡연자는 단순, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 모두에서 치주질환이 있을 aOR이 1.78, 1.77이었으며(p<0.001), 연도별 경향성을 보았을 때, 여자에 비해 남자가 치주질환이 있을 aOR은 1.12로 나타났다(p<0.001). 연도별 흡연 유형에 따라 치주질환 유병률은 치주질환이 있는 집단에서 직접흡연자의 비율이 현저하게 증가추세를 보였다. 또한 주요인자를 보정한 연도별 흡연 유형과 치주질환의 관련성을 단변량 분석한 결과, 비흡연자에 비해 직접흡연자의 치주질환이 있을 aOR은 2007년도에 1.99로 가장 높게 나타났다. 반면에 간접흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 치주질환이 있을 확률은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 인구사회학적 변수와 임상적 변수를 보정한 다변량 로지스틱 분석결과, 2007년도를 제외하고는 치주질환 발생에 있어 직접흡연자의 위험비는 통계적으로 모두 유의하였다. 반면 치주질환 발생에 있어 간접흡연의 영향력은 2010년도에서만 1.68의 aOR로 통계적 유의성을 보였다(p=0.032). 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 연도에 따라 간접흡연의 노출이 증가되고 있음을 간접적으로 예측할 수 있었고, 직접흡연자에 비해 통계적 영향력의 크기는 뚜렷하지 않지만 치주질환에 있어 위험인자로서 독립적으로 고려되어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 중대구강병인 치주질환의 다양한 위험요인을 규명하고, 이를 예방하기 위한 측면에서 간접흡연과 치주질환의 명확한 기전과 영향력 크기를 밝히기 위한 근거자료 마련이 지속화되어야 할 것이다.