• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 2019

Background: European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job creation. It can be assumed that health and well-being among the self-employed and managers in small-scale enterprises are particularly crucial in this enterprise group because the smallness of the enterprise makes its members vulnerable. Earlier studies have indicated that the self-employed have a high working pace and work for long and irregular hours, indicating that it can be difficult to stay at home because of sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sickness presenteeism among the self-employed in relation to the organizationally employed and to analyze whether any differences can be explained by higher work demands among the self-employed. Methods: The study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (2010) and includes the northwestern European countries in the survey. The questions cover a wide range of topics designed to meet the European Union's political needs. The main variables in this study are sickness presenteeism and several indicators of time demands. Results: The results show that the self-employed report a higher level of sickness presenteeism than the employed: 52.4 versus 43.6%. All indicators of time demands are significantly related to the risk for sickness presenteeism, also when controlling for background characteristics. Conclusion: The results confirm that the level of sickness presenteeism is higher among the self-employed and that high time demands are a major explanation to this.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2022

Background & Objectives: Self-rated health has been widely used to evaluate health status and accepted as a subjective measurement of quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the associations between self-rated health, health promotion behaviors, and mental health factors and suggest the approaches to improve health status among university students. Methods: Two thousand six hundred seventy-seven students who had stayed at dormitories on campus participated in the DU health survey by self-reported questionnaire from April 10 to 14, 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of association of self-rated health with health-related factors among male and female students. Results: 38.6% of the respondents reported good self-rated health. Male and first-year students were more likely to report good self-rated health than female and third-year students. There were significant differences in sex, grade, health problems, BMI, sleeping hours, eating breakfast, consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity (regular walking, strength exercise, moderate exercise, vigorous exercise), perceived stress, depression, and suicide thought (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although health promotion programs for university students are essential to support their adaptation to campus life and academic achievement, evidence-based health programs to encourage their participation are still insufficient. Therefore, it should establish a campus-based health policy and develop health promotion programs to increase self-rated health levels and prevent mental health problems for university students.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.397-404
• /
• 2020

Background: Most job exposure matrices (JEMs) have been developed for chemical and physical hazards in the United States (US). In addition, the overall validity of most JEMs of work organization hazards using self-reported data in the literature remains to be further tested due to several methodological weaknesses. Methods: This paper aims to review important methodological issues with regard to a JEM of work organization hazards using self-report data and to present a research protocol for developing a four-axis (job titles, hazards, sex, and time) JEM of major work organization hazards using the US General Social Survey-Quality of Work-Life (GSS-QWL) data (2002-2018; N = 7,100 workers). Results: Five methodological weaknesses in existing JEMs of work organization hazards using self-report data were identified: having only two axes (hazard and occupation), using psychometrically weak items and scales, including scales having little interoccupational variability, unresolved optimal minimum numbers of subjects per occupation, and low accessibility. The methodological weaknesses were successfully addressed in the proposed research protocol. Conclusion: The work organization JEM to be developed will significantly facilitate and strengthen occupational epidemiological studies on work organization hazards and major health outcomes, improve national and occupational surveillance of work organization hazards, and promote interventions for a healthy work environment in the US.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.116-124
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to measure the influence of drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and self-determination on the intention to control drinking among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with the participation of 258 nursing students attending four universities in G city. Data collection was conducted from May to June, 2018, using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The average scores for drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, self-determination, and intention to control drinking were 2.29, 4.54, 3.89, and 4.29 respectively. There were significant differences in the intention to control drinking according to grade, religion, and age of alcohol initiation. The factors influencing the intention to control drinking in nursing students were identified as self-determination (${\beta}=.24$), drinking refusal self-efficacy (${\beta}=.17$) and drinking motives (${\beta}=-.17$). This factor explained 26% of the nursing students' intention to control drinking. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to develop a alcohol education program to improve the drinking culture of nursing college students and to improve their self-regulation skills in order to help them form a desirable drinking habit, and it is also necessary to apply the developed intervention program and test the effect.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.59-77
• /
• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mothers'play belief and their children's playtime on self-determination of young children. Methods: Participants of this study were 239 mothers of 6-year-old children attending childcare centers. An online self-report survey method was implemented to investigate whether mothers appreciate the contribution of play on their children's development, if mothers allow their children's playtime, and to examine the level of self-determination of their children. SPSS 22.0 was conducted for descriptive statistics and AMOS 21.0 was used for the path analysis to investigate the hypothetical relationship among variables. Results: Mothers' play support belief had a direct influence on their children's self-determination, while young children's playtime that was also affected by their mothers' play support belief had an indirect effect on their self-determination. Conclusion/Implications: The research shows that children's self-determination can be fostered by providing time to play when they can make decisions and demonstrate goal directed behaviors, and by providing an atmosphere that emphasizes the importance of playing in one's childhood.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.328-337
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify effects of self-esteem, empathy and existential well-being on spiritual care competence in nursing students. Methods: Participants were 357 nursing students from three colleges in G metropolitan city. The survey was conducted from March 11 to April 3, 2015, with a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 21.0. Results: Differences in spiritual care competence were statistically significant according to experience in providing spiritual care and recognition of need for spiritual care. There were significant differences in self-esteem, empathy and existential well-being according to satisfaction with major, satisfaction with life and recognition of the need for spiritual care. Spiritual care competence of nursing students showed a significantly positive correlation to self-esteem, empathy and existential well-being. Factors influencing spiritual care competence were recognition of need for spiritual care, self-esteem, empathy and experience in providing spiritual care, which explained about 16% of spiritual care competence. Conclusion: Results indicate the importance of developing an intervention program for nursing students to strengthen spiritual care competence through improved recognition of needs for spiritual care, self-esteem, empathy and experience in providing spiritual care.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and prioritize the content needs of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) for developing self-management mobile applications. Methods: A total of 126 participants with OA were recruited from two orthopedic hospitals. They completed the self-report questionnaires after providing written informed consent. The Borich needs assessment model was used to assess the perceived level of competence and perceived level of importance regarding 21 items for self-management of OA. The collected data were weighted and ranked in order of priority. Results: The top five content items needed by OA patients were 'How to avoid excessive use of the joints' (15.03); 'Lifestyle tips on the prevention and management of arthritis' (13.69); 'Exercise types and procedures for OA' (12.54); 'Good and bad exercises for the joints' (9.80); and 'Precautions for exercise (duration, frequency, safety)' (8.88). Need rankings related to causes and treatment of OA were relatively low. Conclusion: OA patients requested self-management competencies that should be practiced in daily activities to reduce the discomfort. The results of this study have practical implications for defining the content of self-management applications for patients with OA. Based on the results, developing a self-management intervention program for OA patients using a mobile is recommended.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.208-220
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship of college students' parental acceptance-rejection rearing attitude and aggression according to gender. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive survey. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from the 1st to 20th of November 2017, and questionnaires from 266 college students were used in the analysis using a Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, simple and multiple regression techniques with the PASW/WIN 20.0 program. Results: In male students, self-esteem had perfect mediating effects on the relationship between the parental acceptance-rearing attitude and aggression. On the other hand, it had partial mediating effects on the relationship between the parental rejection-rearing attitude and aggression. In female students, self-esteem did not have mediating effects on the relationship between the parental acceptance-rejection rearing attitude and aggression. Conclusion: To reduce college students' aggression, it is necessary to build effective strategies to redefine the parent-child relationship and develop a self-esteem promotion program considering gender.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences of pre-post simulation training in problem solving ability, performance confidence, and critical thinking skill according to degree of nursing students' self-leadership. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey using a self-report questionnaire. One hundred eighty nursing students participated in this study which programed a simulation scenario of pre-post operative patients' care. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, ANCOVA with IBM SPSS 21.0 program were used for data analysis. Results: After the simulation training, both the above-average subjects and below-average subjects in self-leadership significantly improved their problem-solving ability, performance confidence, and critical thinking skill. compared with their previous level. The subjects who rated above-average in self-leadership, improved their degree of problem-solving ability, performance confidence, and critical thinking skill significantly more than those who were below-average in self-leadership. Conclusion: Self-leadership of nursing students is an important element in effective simulation training.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.294-303
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate self care, depression, and Yangsaeng and to confirm the factors related to Yangsaeng of diabetes mellitus patients. The survey was conducted on 116 subjects who consented to Institutional Review Board for diabetes mellitus patients in the area and data were collected by self-report questionnaire. The questionnaires consisted of self care, depression, and Yangsaeng. Date analysis was done by SPSS 22.0 with T-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Yangsaeng was significantly related to the educational level, partner, income, perceived health status, depression, and admission for diabetes mellitus. Yangsaeng and self care showed positive correlation, on the other hand Yangsaeng and depression showed negative correlation. Yangsaeng was found to be related to education level, self care, and depression through the multiple regression. In conclusion, the Yangsaeng score increased with improving of blood glucose level and depression. Based on these results, we considered various characteristics such as patient's age and illness characteristics, therefore it is necessary to develop a method to measure Yangsaeng.