• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of a self-exercise program on low back pain, abdominal-back muscle strength and waist flexibility in hospital nurses. Method: An experimental research design was employed. 43 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) who worked in a general hospital in W city agreed to participate in this study. The intervention had 6 sessions with self-exercise program including flexion and extension demonstrated by a trained research assistant. A Visual Analog Scale was used to measure the subjective pain severity. Abdominal-back muscle strength was measured with a back strength dynamometer, while waist flexibility was gauged by the standing of the subject's upper body. Analysis included descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test and ANOVA. Result: The experimental group exhibited significantly decreased low back pain, an increase in abdominal-back muscle strength, and increased waist flexibility after 6 sessions. The experimental group were not significantly increased in abdominal-back muscle strength than the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that further research is needed to replicate for verification of clinical validity with the methodological rigors, and to utilize the self-exercise program for care and prevention of low back pain.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.729-753
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze effectiveness of 4-H Seoul Field-Experiential Learning Program(4-H SFELP). The effectiveness scale of youth accredited activity was applied to analyze the effectiveness and satisfaction of the program. After screening the data, 155 responses were used to analyze the data for this study. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, 4-H SFELP has positive effects on the level of global leadership, initiative in exchange, and understanding other cultures which are related with effectiveness of youth exchange activity. Second, 4-H SFELP has positive effects on the level of confidence, challenge spirit, achievement motivation, and collective leadership which are related with effectiveness of youth adventure and challenge activity. Third, 4-H SFELP has positive effects on the level of problem-solving skills, morality, other-respect, and self-respect which are related with effectiveness of youth self-improvement activity. Fourth, 4-H SFELP has positive effects on the level of self-efficacy and autonomy but has not effects on the level of inquiring mind of participants. All these findings were discussed for youth workers and researchers.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of a Elastic Theraband Exercise Based of PNF L/E pattern on the gait of the chronic Hemiplegic Patients. Methods : We selected the 20 chronic Hemiplegic Patients not given treatment now and divided them into two groups of both 10 Elastic Theraband group and 10 Self Exercise. The first group went through a Elastic Theraband Exercise Based of PNF L/E pattern 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Exercise used to blue elastic band which 2 patterns of PNF by 1) hip extension - abduction - internal rotation with knee extension. 2) hip flexion - adduction - external rotation with knee flexion. The latter group experienced Self Exercise, 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Firstly, we measured the absolute improvement of gait velocity(m/s), cadence(steps/min) among walking characters. Secondly, we measured the functional walking ability such as Functional Ambulatory Category(FAC, score out of 5), Modified Motor Assesment Scale(MMAS, score out of 6). Data analysis was performed with using SPSS 12.0 win program. The descriptive analysis was used to obtain average and standard deviation. The independent t-test and the paired t-test were used to compare both the groups about pre and post training test. Treatment effects were established by pre and post assessment. Subjects tolerated the training well without side-effects. Therefore, the results of this study were as follows; Results : 1. There was a more significant improvement of Gait velocity(0.12m/s) Elastic Theraband group(p<.05). 2. There was a more significant improvement of cadence(9.40steps/min) Elastic Theraband group(p<.05). Conclusion : As we can see from above, the findings suggest that Elastic Theraband may be more effective than the Self Exercise for improving some gait parameters such as Gait velocity and Cadency. This conclusion also suggest that Elstic Theraband is more effective for the improvement of gait of chronic Hemiplegic Patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2012

This study aims to analyze chlidcare philosophy and the architectural characteristics of communal childcare cooperative nurseries(parent cooperative childcare facilities), and also to examine their mutual relationship. The communal childcare cooperative is an ideal childcare method to break away from employee-supported childcare system and cooperatively solve childcare problems in the family community system. The child-rearing philosophy of the communal childcare can bring spontaneous and creative development amidst 'daily life' and 'play' by switching from knowledge and skill-oriented education and puts an emphasis on physical environments in child's growth. The features of architecture related the childcare philosophy derived from this study are as follows: the way of participation and self-help, the extension of spatial scope and focuses on outside space, architecture of house-like residence rather than educational facility, spatial 'overlapping' focusing on transitional space and multi-purpose space rather than spatial partitions, the pursuit of creativity through play is realized in the incompletion and unspecification of space evolving over time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.771-778
• /
• 2016

Seedless grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars with large berries can be developed from hypo- and hypertetraploid seedlings. The low occurrence of hypo- and hypertetraploid seedlings, however, has impeded the breeding of new hypo- and hypertetraploid grape varieties. In order to establish hypoand hypertetraploid seedlings, we examined the chromosome numbers in seedlings of self-, open-, and cross-pollinated hypotetraploid 'Takao' and hypertetraploid 'RB9127K' grape. Three of the five seedlings (60%) from 'Takao' were aneuploid, including one with 74 chromosomes (2n=4x-2) and two with 75 chromosomes (2n=4x-1). In 'RB9127K', 26 of the 193 seedlings (13.5%) were aneuploid, including three seedlings with 75 chromosomes (2n=4x-1), 18 with 77 chromosomes (2n=4x+1), and five with 78 chromosomes (2n=4x+2). The high frequency of aneuploids from 'Takao' and 'RB9127K' grape indicates that meiosis in hypo- and hypertetraploid female parents is prone to segregation error. These results suggest that various hypo- or hypertetraploid seedlings can be successfully produced using hypo- or hypertetraploid grapes as female parents, which can contribute to the development of new seedless grape varieties with large berries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.573-582
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), which was translated into Korean for long-term wheelchair users. This index measured 15 functional activities, including transfer, self-care, wheelchair mobility and general activities. METHODS: To assess test-retest reliability, 23 long-term wheelchair users completed this self-administered index twice within the same day. Reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. To examine concurrent validity, 21 long-term wheelchair users completed the questionnaire, and we examined the correlation between the index score and the shoulder range of motion measurements. RESULT: The results showed that the intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability of the total index score ranging from .88 to .99 was good to excellent. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha was .96. The internal consistency indicated excellent. Concurrent validity showed negative correlations of total index score to range of motion measurements of shoulder flexion (rho=-.58), extension (rho=-.09), abduction (rho=-.59), external rotation (rho=-.07) and internal rotation (rho=-.3), suggesting a relationship of total index score to loss of shoulder range of motion. CONCLUSION: The Korean WUSPI shows not only high reliability and internal consistency, but also concurrent validity with loss of shoulder flexion and abduction.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.824-832
• /
• 2011

An essential consideration to differentiate prosthetic hand from robot hand is its convenience and usefulness rather than high resolution or multi-function of the robot hand. Therefore, this study proposes a myoelectric hand with a 2 DOF auto wrist module which has 6 essential functions of the human hand such as open, grasp, pronation, supination, extension, flexion, which improves the convenience of the daily life. It consists of the 3 main parts, the myoelectric sensor for input signal without additional attachment to operate the prosthetic hand, hand mechanism with high-torqued auto-transmission mechanism and self-locking module which guarantee the safety under the abrupt emergency and minimum power consumption, and dual threshold based controller to make easy for adopting the multi-DOF myoelectric hand. We prove the validity of the proposed system with experimental results.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The study was conducted to examine the effects of motivational interviewing intervention on exercise performance and maintenance, exercise and pain self-efficacy, functional status, and quality of life in the patients with total knee replacement. Methods: This study used a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 100 patients with total knee replacement (33 patients in motivational interviewing group (MG), 33 patients in exercise group (EG), 34 patients in comparison group (CG)) were participated in this study. MG and EG had 7 scheduled sessions for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVAs by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results: MG showed better exercise maintenance, higher exercise and pain self-efficacy, higher muscle strength, and mental component of quality of life than the other groups. MG and EG showed better knee flexion, less knee extension, longer walking distance for 6 minutes, and better functioning than CG. Conclusion: The results showed that motivational interviewing intervention is an effective intervention for elderly patients with total knee replacement. Future study examining long term effects of motivation interviewing intervention is necessary.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.3542-3546
• /
• 2014

Relationship between molecular freedom of amyloidogenic protein and its self-assembly into amyloid fibrils has been evaluated with ${\alpha}$-synuclein, an intrinsically unfolded protein related to Parkinson's disease, by restricting its structural plasticity through an end-to-end disulfide bond formation between two newly introduced cysteine residues on the N- and C-termini. Although the resulting circular form of ${\alpha}$-synuclein exhibited an impaired fibrillation propensity, the restriction did not completely block the protein's interactive core since co-incubation with wild-type ${\alpha}$-synuclein dramatically facilitated the fibrillation by producing distinctive forms of amyloid fibrils. The suppressed fibrillation propensity was instantly restored as the structural restriction was unleashed with ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol. Conformational flexibility of the accreting amyloidogenic protein to pre-existing seeds has been demonstrated to be critical for fibrillar extension process by exerting structural adjustment to a complementary structure for the assembly.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.1007-1014
• /
• 2003

This work deals with a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) single cylinder gasoline engine, focusing on the extension of operating conditions. The fuel is injected indirectly into electrically heated inlet air flow. In order to keep a homogeneous air-fuel mixing, the fuel injector is water-cooled by a specially designed coolant passage. Investigated are the engine performance and emission characteristics under the wide range of operating conditions such as 32 to 63 in the air-fuel ratio, 1000 to 1800 rpm in the engine speed, and 150 to 18$0^{\circ}C$ in the inlet air temperature. The compression ignition gasoline engine can be achieved that the ultra lean-burn with self-ignition of gasoline fuel by heating inlet air. For example. the allowable lean limit of air-fuel ratio is extended until 63 at engine speed of 1000 rpm and inlet air temperature of 17$0^{\circ}C$. It can be achieved that the emission concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide had been significantly reduced by CAI combustion compared with conventional spark ignition engine.