• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

건강 증진, 기후변화 적응 및 완화 등 도시공원의 역할과 기능은 확장하고 있으나, 확장된 기능을 어떻게 분배할 것인가에 대한 문제는 상대적으로 관심이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 중앙정부 및 지방자치단체의 도시공원 정책개발 및 집행 과정에 도시공원의 다기능성과 분배적 형평성을 반영하기 위해 녹색복지 개념을 제안한다. 녹색복지 관점에서 서울시 생활권 도시공원(NUP)의 분배적 형평성 차이를 분석하기 위해 관련 이론 및 선행연구 고찰을 통해 공원복지 지표를 선정하였다. 분석방법은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 상관분석, 군집분석을 실시하였다. 녹색복지는 사회경제적 지위에 관계없이 생애주기별 시민 모두가 건강 증진과 기후변화로 인한 환경위험으로부터 안전할 수 있는 녹색 서비스 전달과정에 참여하고 공정한 혜택을 누리는 것으로 정의했다. 분석결과 서울시는 자치구별 사회 경제 환경적 지위에 따라 1인당 NUP 면적에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1인당 NUP 면적과 상관관계가 있는 공원복지 지표는 인구밀도(-), 65세 이상 고령인구 비율(+), 재정자립도(+), 홍수 및 대기오염 취약성(-)인 것으로 분석되었다. 군집분석 결과 공원복지 수준에 차이가 있는 3개의 군집이 도출되었고, 이를 통해 녹색복지 관점에서 서울시 NUP는 불균형적으로 공급되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 서울시의 향후 도시공원 정책은 양적 확충을 넘어 공원이 지닌 기능의 공정한 분배가 요구되며, 이는 공원서비스의 수요자인 지역주민과 지역사회가 우선적으로 고려되어야 하겠다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2000

Today, more chronically ill and handicapped children are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family member may feel burden that the caregiver has less time and money and more work. Family functioning and their burden have influence on coping and adaptation of families with chronically-ill children. This study attempted to identify the levels of burden and family functioning in families of children with cerebral palsy and to examine their relationships. The instruments were burden scale developed by Suh and Oh(1993), and a modified Feetham Family Functioning Survey based on Roberts and Feetham.(1982). The subjects were 98 parents of children, under 15 years, who have cerebral palsy and being treated and living in Pusan. Data were collected through a self-administered question- aire from April 26 to May 29. The collected data were tested using frequencies, percentiles, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSSWIN program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The mean rating scores of burden and family functioning were 2.79±.51 and 4.12±.69, respectively. 2. The relationships between general character- istics and burden were statistically significant difference : degree of children's handicap(F=6.333, P<.01). The relationships between general characteristics and family functioning were statistically significant differences : familial relation with the children(F=3.628, P<.05), caregiver's health status(F=4.359, P<.05), age of children (F=4.185, P<.05), and duration of treatment (F=6.802, P<.01). 3. In families of children with cerebral palsy, there was significantly negative correlation between the burden of parents and the performance of family functioning(r=-.230, P<.05). There were significantly negative correlations between the burden of parents and the satisfaction of family functioning (r=-.211, P<.05), and between the perceived importance and the satisfaction of family functioning(r=-.481, P<.01); however, there was a positive correlation between the performance and the perceived importance of family functioning(r=.425, P<.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that families of children with cerebral palsy need family-focused nursing interventions as supportive care for relieving their burden and for improving family functioning.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

근관치료된 치아의 수복에서 fiber post 크기와 포스트 공간의 직경이 일치하지 않은 경우, 포스트 공간은 두꺼운 레진 시멘트로 채워지게 된다. 레진 시멘트가 두꺼워지면 시멘트 내에 기포가 형성되어 포스트 분리가 발생되기 쉽다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법은 composite resin을 이용하여 fiber post를 relining하는 것이다. 이렇게 형성된 해부학적 포스트는 포스트 공간에 잘 적합하고 시멘트의 두께를 감소시킨다. 이 연구의 목적은 relining 과정과 임상 과정의 간소화를 위해 사용되고 있는 luting agents 종류에 따른 fiber post의 push-out 결합 강도를 평가하는 것이다. 42개의 발치된 치아는 6개의 그룹(n=7)으로 나누어졌다. (A1: relined fiber post를 Luxacore/all-bond 2로 합착, A2: non-relined fiber post를 Luxacore/all-bond 2로 합착. B1: relined fiber post를 Calibra/XP-bond로 합착. B2: non-relined fiber post를 Calibra/XP-bond로 합착. C1: relined fiber post를 RelyX Unicem으로 합착. C2: non-relined fiber post를 RelyX Unicem으로 합착.) Push-out 결합 강도는 relining procedure와 cement type의 상호작용에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. relined fiber post 그룹이 non-relined fiber post 그룹보다 더 높은 결합 강도를 가지며 fiber post relining 과정은 결합강도에 유의한 영향을 가진다.(p<0.05) Luting agent에 따라 모든 그룹에서 RelyX Unicem의 결합강도가 Luxacore/All-bond 2와 Calibra/XP bond에 의한 것보다 유의하게 더 높았다(p<0.05).

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.127-157
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• 2014

이 연구는 여성결혼이민자의 한국사회 정착과 결혼생활 적응을 돕기 위해 실시되고 있는 다문화가족 지원사업의 이용이 실제로 이 여성들의 긍정적 변화를 도와 부부갈등인식 감소와 결혼의 안녕 및 희망에 기여하는지를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 문화상대주의와 강점 관점에 기반 한 지원사업을 수행해 온 전국의 36개 기관들을 통해 수집된 여성결혼이민자 558명의 설문조사 자료가 이용되었다. 구조방정 식모형 분석결과, 예측대로, 지원사업 이용기간, 서비스 이용 빈도 및 이용서비스의 수로 측정된 지원사업 이용은 여성결혼이민자들이 보고한 긍정적 변화와 정적으로 연관되었고, 그런 변화는 이어서 부부갈등인식과 부적인 관계를 보였으며 결혼만족과 결혼안정으로 측정된 결혼의 안녕 및 희망에 정적인 기여를 하였다. 또 긍정적 변화는 결혼의 안녕을 저해하는 부부갈등인식을 낮추어 결혼안녕을 강화하고, 이어 결혼안녕은 희망에 기여하여 이러한 간접경로로 희망을 도왔다. 이 변인들 간의 관계구조는 국내거주기간 및 한국어 능력이 지원사업 이용과 긍정적 변화에 미치는 효과를 통제했을 때 지지되었지만, 아울러 지원사업 이용이 부부갈등에 미치는 직접효과가 정적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 이 결과들은 다문화가족지원사업의 이용이 여성결혼이민자의 긍정적 변화를 도와 희망을 키우며 성공적인 결혼 생활을 촉진할 수 있지만 한편으로 부부갈등을 야기할 수 있는 요소들을 내포하고 있음을 시사하였다. 따라서 지원사업 이용의 순기능을 강화하면서 부부갈등을 초래할 수 있는 역기능적 요소들에 대처할 수 있는 구체적인 방안들이 끝으로 논의되었다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.205-226
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• 2008

The purpose of the study you have seen is to verify the effectiveness of existing quantitative research and to put the Empathy Training Program to practical use for participating children. From looking into this, the changes in empathic understanding that came to light in relationships between teacher and children and children and children are sure to have that effect. For this work, I established the following subject of inquiry: What kind of changing processes can be seen in the empathic understanding of participating children in the Empathy Training Program? To resolve the above line of inquiry, six female sixth grade elementary school students were chosen and they progressed through twelve sessions of the Empathy Training Program. The children were given a sentence completion exam, recognition work, neat writing exam and a school adaptation exam both before and after participation in the program, making data for analysis. To analyze, first, participants had one or two meetings of forty to fifty minutes each. Progress through the program's curriculum was recorded and through the repeating and copying method, to be sure participating children's empathic understanding was revealed, empathic language and behavior was routinely chosen. Next, according the above criteria I looked into visible changes of the participating children's empathic expressions, classifying and analyzing changes in empathic understanding and six instances of common changes in the emphatic understanding of the participants relationships were analyzed and put together. Next I will summarize the findings we have seen in this research: First, if we look into changes in common empathic understanding from the beginning, using the criteria of empathic language, each individual showed understanding at the beginning and passed and progressed through stages of care, insight and emotional expressions. Second, when we looked at the criteria of empathic behavior from the beginning to the end, one's line of vision and ability to concentrate one's attention was connected. Next, the act of nodding one's head looked like a brief nod at first but at the end, it was not just a simple nod but rather they could feel deep empathy. The condition and substance of the facial expression was seen to match and at the very end the child was expressive and stretched out arms to hold and pat the other person and the act of holding hands could also be seen. Among lots of empathic behavior the final stage was shown by half of the children. Third, from the first stage to the last stage there were many cases revealed. The more the children went the more complete their empathic language became. Their vocabulary increased and became more diverse with empathic actions. Also, when comparing actions and expressions from the beginning with the end, visible expressions became more natural and sincere at the end. The result of the research we have seen is that through receiving experience of empathic understanding, participating children showed a sense of self-confidence and they looked to make peaceful expressions while not being aggressive or defensive about problems. In addition, from understanding empathic expressions, participating children's relationships felt closer. This outcome within this group in this case will be applied and the formation of empathic understanding can be used by the children internally to solve their own problems, acquire close relationships with their teachers and others. It will also contribute to smooth classroom management.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.422-437
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• 2019

국제 이주에 대한 폭넓은 논의가 이루어진 데 반해 이주자가 출발지로 되돌아가는 귀환 이주에 대한 연구는 비교적 많지 않다. 이는 귀환 이주를 자본 축적 이후의 성공적 귀환이나 적응 실패로 인해 돌아가는 현상으로 비교적 단순하게 인식해왔기 때문이다. 조선족이 국내로 대거 이주해온 지 이십여 년을 넘기면서 귀화하는 사람뿐만 아니라 귀환하는 이도 어렵지 않게 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 옌볜으로 귀환하여 자영업에 진출한 조선족을 대상으로 귀환 이주가 어떠한 전략적 선택 속에서 이루어졌는지 살펴본다. 최근의 옌볜 상업 경관은 귀환 조선족의 자영업 진출로 적지 않은 변화가 나타나고 있다. 특기할만한 점은 귀환 조선족에게 있어 한국 체류는 단순히 사업 자금을 마련하기 위한 것만은 아니었다는 것이다. 한국 경험과 네트워크는 옌볜에서 자본 축적의 새로운 기회를 찾고 넓히는 데 기여하고 있다. 이는 세계체제론 관점에서 옌볜 조선족 자영업자의 귀환이 주는 세계체제 간극을 활용한 자본축적 전략으로 해석될 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.338-348
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• 2020

본 연구는 아버지와 어머니의 우울수준의 종단적 상호관계를 파악하고, 아버지와 어머니 우울수준이 초등학교 자녀의 언어발달, 문제행동 및 학교적응에 미치는 영향은 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 한국아동패널 4-8차년(2011~2015년)도 자료를 활용하여, 변수들 간의 종단적인 변화 관계를 추정하는데 적합한 잠재성장모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석대상은 1,754 가구의 아버지, 어머니, 자녀였다. 분석결과 아버지 우울수준 초기값이 어머니 우울수준 변화율에 미치는 영향과 어머니 우울수준 초기값이 어머니 우울수준 변화율에 미치는 영향만이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 어머니 우울은 어머니 자신의 우울 문제 뿐 아니라 아버지 우울 문제에 의해서 영향을 받는 우울의 자기효과와 상대방 효과가 동시에 나타났다. 아버지의 우울수준 초기값과 어머니 우울수준 초기값은 어머니 우울수준 변화율을 매개로 하여 자녀의 수용어휘, 내재화 및 외현화 문제행동, 학교생활적응, 학업적응, 또래적응에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 학령기 자녀의 건강한 발달과 학교적응을 위해 아버지 및 어머니 둘 다를 위한 우울 예방 및 개입 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

In becoming parents, the marital partners enter into a new developmental phase. The conception of the child is an act of mutual creativity during which the boundaries between the self and another were temporarily obliterated more completely than at any time since infancy. The infant is a physical fusion of the parents, and their personalities unite within the child. for many women, creativity as a mother becomes a central matter that provides meaning and balance to their lives. The husband usually has strong desires for an offspring and can be transformed by it. The child can profoundly affect one or both parents, and the influences are reciprocal-a child's needs or specific difficulties uncover a parent's inadequacy. following the child's development, each transition into a new developmental phase requires an adaptation by the parents, and one or another of these required adaptations may disturb a parent's equilibirium. And the personality changes, emotional difficulties, and regressions of a spouse that occur in response to some phase of parenthood can upset the marriage. Not only do children identify with parents, but parents also identify with their children. The parents take pleasure in child's joy and suffer with the child's pain more than in almost any other relationship. certain respects e parents lives again in the child. Through the process of identification the child can also provide one of the two parents with the opportunity to experience intimately the way in which a person of the opposite gender grows up. Parenthood also provides the opportunity to be loved, admired, and needed simply because one is a parent and, as such, a central and necessary object in the young child's life. The many potentialities for emotional satisfactions from parenthood manage to outweigh the tribulations and sacrifices that are required. The child also exerts an indirect effect through changing the parent's position in the society, for new sets of relationships are established as the parents are drawn to other couples with children of the same age, and for a new impetus toward economic and social mobility often possesses the parents. frequently the couple's relatedness to their own parents improves and grows firmer once again. Parenthood, the satisfactions it provides and the demands it makes, varies as life progresses : and changes with the parent's interests, needs, and age as well as with the children's maturation. There are phases in the child's life that the parents are reluctant to have pass, whereas they tolerate others largely through knowing that they will soon be over. The changing lives of the children provide many satisfactions that offset the tribulations, uncertainties, and regrets. The parents change. The young father, who was just starting on his carrier whom the first child was born, settles into a life pattern. He becomes secure with increasing achievement and interacts differently with the youngest child and provides a different model for him than for the oldest. The mother may have less time for a second or third child than for her first, but she may also be more assured in her handling of them. The birth of a baby when the parents art in their late thirties will find them Less capable of physical exertion with the child and less tolerant of annoyances, but they are less apt to be annoyed. Eventually the children min and leave home, but the couple do not cease to be parents.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of high school students' exposure to pornographic materials as well as to provide basic data to develop sex education programs. This study was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire survey of 774 students of six high schools in Seoul, three boys' and three girls' respectively, from August 22 to August 25, 2000. This study shows that high school students' exposure to pornographic materials such as CD-ROMs, internet, video tapes and adult movies has become very serious. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Among the students surveyed, $23.5\%$ of them currently has opposite-sex friends, while $42.2\%$ used to have and $34.2\%$ has never had opposite-sex friends. 2. $55.3\%$ of the students pick up their sexual knowledge from their friends, followed by mass media $(47.5\%),\;school (21.1\%),\;adult\; magazines (17.1\%)\;, internet (14.1\%)$, pornography visual $materials (11.5\%),\; sexual\; books (3.6\%)$ and pornography printed $materials (2.4\%).$ 3. Regarding the frequency of sexual education taken in school, $54.2\%$ of the students answered 'often', while $37.6\%$ answered 'almost none', 'several times' $(4.4\%)$, 'never' $(2.9\%)$ and 'frequently' $(0.9\%)$, respectively. Regarding sexual education at home, $42.2\%$ answered 'almost none', followed by 'never' $(36.3\%)$, 'often' $(16.3\%)$, 'several times' $(3.3\%)$ and 'frequently' $(1.8\%)$, respectively. 4. $68.2\%$ of the students have been exposed to adult movies, followed by pornography videos $(60.1\%)$, internet chatting $(50.2\%)$ and pornography computer diskettes $(38.0\%)$. 5. The degree of exposure to pornographic materials of boy students is much higher than that of girl students. 6. It appears that there is an interrelation between the kind of schools and the degree of the students' exposure to pornographic materials. 7. The higher the students' grade is. the more they have been exposed to pornographic materials. 8. It shows that there is an interrelation between the students' academic performance and the degree of their exposure to pornographic materials. 9. There is also an interrelation between the amount of students' pocket money and the degree of their exposure to pornographic materials. 10. There is an interrelation between the degree of their adaptation to school life and the degree of their exposure to pornographic materials. 11. It appears that there is an interrelation between their parents' relations with them and the degree of the students' exposure to pornographic materials. 12. There is a significant difference in the degree of their exposure to pornographic materials in accordance with their residential area. 13. There is also a significant difference in the degree of their exposure to pornographic materials in accordance with the average income of their families. 14. There is also a significant difference in the degree of their exposure to pornographic materials in accordance with the mean sexual education at home.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.498-507
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to survey health requirements of middle-aged women and their families and to provide guidelines for developing nursing interventions by describing the process of family health maintenance experienced by middle-aged women and its conceptual system. Methods: To get saturated data, each of four researchers conducted two or three times of in-depth interview with eight middle-aged women aged between 40-64 years old and living in Seoul and Chuncheon from the 10th to the 30th of October 2004 and each interview was continued one or two hours. The Grounded theory adopted by Strauss & Corbin (1998) is a substantive theory that can explain the experiencing process of middle-aged women. Results: We found that the casual condition of family health maintaining by middle-aged women was 'confidence of health belief', and 'pouring by body moving' was found to be its phenomenon. A textual condition that might respond to the phenomenon was 'fatal roles acceptance', and intervening conditions that promote their family health were 'retracing' and 'gathering health information'. These intervening conditions impacted middle-aged women's confidence in family health and led them to take actions/interactions such as 'being a model of health', 'adapting to circumstances', 'do-it-myself', 'taking-care' 'harmonious mind' and 'the pursuit of cleanness'. These actions/interactions produced results such as 'being stronger', 'being unmanageable' and 'being fruitful'. Conclusions: Health confidence and practical health behaviors were observed in the process that the middle-aged female participants experienced unmanageable circumstances but they accepted their roles and responsibilities and recognized that they must be get stronger. The behaviors of health-together-with were divided into enthusiastic type, adaptation type and self-sacrificing type. Therefore middle-aged woman with the understanding of family health maintaining process as well as the theoretical system and practical principals needs to implement the intervention in acceptable level of family health process of preventing psychological and physical problems.