• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate effects of feeding seleniferous whole crop barley silage (WCBS) on growth performance and blood characteristics in growing Hanwoo steers. A total of 20 growing Hanwoo steers, initially weighing on average 208.8 kg of body weight, were used and treatments were consisted of 1) controls : 0.1 mg/kg Se, 2) T1 : 0.3 mg/kg Se, 3) T2 : 0.9 mg/kg Se by combining seleniferous and/or non-seleniferous WCBS, and 4) T3 : 0.9 mg/kg Se of inorganic Se treatment. Five steers were allocated to each treatment, and the trial was lasted for 90 days. All experimental diets were included to 30% of combination of seleniferous and/or non-seleniferous WCBS, and in T3 diet, sodium selenite that corresponds to 0.9 mg/kg Se was added to control diets. Also, the diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric among treatments. Dietary level and type of selenium did not affect feed intakes and daily gain, and blood glucose concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower for controls than T1 and T2 treatments. Blood total lipid concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of dietary selenium, and also that of T2 and T3 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than controls. LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower for treatments including dietary selenium than controls, and also blood triglyceride concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower for T2 than controls. Overall, it was tended that feeding seleniferous WCBS or inorganic Se increased blood IgG concentration, and in the same dietary selenium levels, T2 treatment was higher for IgG than T3 group (p>0.05). Blood selenium concentration was significantly (p<0.05) increased by feeding increasing levels of seleniferous WCBS, but there was no significant difference between controls and T3 group. These results showed that feeding seleniferous WCBS to growing Hanwoo steers was responsible for saccharide and lipid metabolism, and in particular, it reduced their total lipid and blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, selenium present in seleniferous WCBS rather than inorganic selenium was better available in intestinal absorption, and it might help to enhance immunity in growing and younger stages of Hanwoo steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2003

Soluble glass bolus with selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) was administered intraruminally to Philippine grazing does fed under backyard farming conditions to determine its effect on blood mineral status. Forty-five does were dosed with SGB intraruminally every 6 months, whereas 15 were without SGB during this experimental period of 10 months. Blood of does in both treatment groups were collected every other month and blood Se, plasma Cu, Ca, P and Mg were determined in this study. All does did not show clinical Se, Cu, Ca, P or Mg deficiency during this experimental period. Selenium concentration of treated does increased (p<0.01) after beginning of this experiment, whereas the level of control does decreased slowly (p<0.01). Two months after SGB administration, all treated does had higher blood Se than the lower limit of $20{\mu}g/l$ suggested by NRC (1981), whereas some control does had lower blood Se concentration than the lower limit of $20{\mu}g/l$. On the other hand, plasma Cu concentration of treated does started to increase more remarkably than control does 4 months after this experiment had started although the difference was insignificant. There were no significant differences between plasma Ca, P or Mg concentration of does in both treatment groups. Soluble glass bolus had no harmful effects on plasma macro mineral concentrations of grazing does. This study showed that SGB was available as mineral supplement to improve imbalances of selected mineral of grazing goats in the traditional backyard conditions in Luzon Island, Philippines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.931-936
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of different organic selenium (Se) products in finishing pigs. A total of 48 growing pigs, average body weight $47.6kg{\pm}0.05$, were allotted to four different treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in three replicates with four pigs per pen. Three different organic Se products, Se-enriched yeast (treatments A and B) and Se-proteinate (treatment C), were used in conjunction with a basal diet with no added Se as a control treatment. In growing period, pigs were fed the same diet but finishing pigs were fed each treatment diet containing organic Se products for 6 weeks. During the experimental period, feed intake and body weight were measured and blood samples were collected to determine the Se concentration. At the end of this experiment, 3 pigs per treatment were killed and various tissues (loin, liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen) were collected to analyze the Se concentration. The body weight, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were similar among treatments, but the average daily gain (ADG) was increased on Se-proteinate treatment (p<0.01) and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F ratio) was improved on Se yeast B or Se-proteinate treatment (p<0.01). The tissue Se content was also increased when pigs were fed organic Se sources, and Se was retained efficiently in loin (p<0.01) and kidney (p<0.05) when Se yeast B was provided. The serum Se concentration was increased when organic Se was provided and was higher when pigs were fed Se-proteinate (p<0.01); subsequently liver Se was also higher on Se-proteinate treatment than other treatments. The Se yeast A treatment did not show any increment of Se concentration both in serum and tissues. This result demonstrated that Se retention and bioavailability in finishing pigs were varied by Se products although organic sources were provided. Consequently, each organic Se product should be evaluated before it is used as a supplement in animal feed.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2001

To identify an antioxidant system, Se and Vit. E were administered into Hanwoo young sire and the effects of administration on blood components(Se, Vit. E, chemical values, estradiol-17 $\beta$, testosterone) were examined. The 16 heads ranging from twenty to thirty two months of age were randomly assigned to control group, Se-administered group(Se-group), Vit. E-administered group(Vit. E-group) and Se and Vit. E administered group(Se and Vit. E-group). Each reagent (Se : 0.1 mg, Vit. E . 1,500IU, Se+vit. E : 0.1 mg+1,500IU per kg of body weight, respectively) administered 3 times every 30days by intramuscular injection. Se concentration in serum was higher in Se-group and Se and Vit. E-group than in control group and Se and Vit. E-group also was higher than Vit. E-group(p<0.05). Although all Se-, Vit. E-administered groups were a little higher than control group, the injection of Se and Vit. E were not significant effect on Vit. E concentration in serum(p>0.05). All groups showed significant variance by periods, but there were not significantly different among groups in blood chemical values. The estradiol-17 $\beta$ concentrations of all Se-, Vit. E-administered groups were a little higher than those of control group, but there were not significant(p>0.05). There have no significant difference among groups in testosterone concentration. These results indicate that the administration of Se, Se + Vit. E increase Se concentration in Hanwoo young bull.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.601-606
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• 1997

Mulberry heart disease was associated with vitamin E and selenium deficiency of pigs. Anatomical findings of this disease were hydropericadium, extensive patchy hemorrhage of epicardium, endocardium, and discoloration of dark red color of myocardium. In histological findings were characterized by acute myocardial degeneration, extensive hemorrhage, fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles, PAS positive material deposition of arterioles and capillary thrombosis. In affected herds, feed and serum tocopherol and selenium concentration were less than normal values.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

Removal of dissolved selenium by D. michiganensis, a iron-reducing bacterium, and effects of dissolved metal elements such as iron, sulfate, and copper were investigated. Selenide that was reduced from selenite (2 mM) by D. michiganensis was gradually removed from the aqueous medium. As the reduced selenide was combined with aqueous iron, it was precipitated as a nanoparticulate iron-selenide. Sulfate and copper negatively affected the microbial selenite reduction, and the copper was especially toxic to the bacterium, inhibiting a microbial removal of dissolved selenite. These results show that it should be carefully biotreated for a selenium-contaminated site considering in situ sulfate or copper distribution and concentration. Consequently, the formation of iron-selenide by bacteria will be an important measure for preventing a long-distance migration of selenium in the subsurface environments.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.945-952
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• 2012

The sorption of selenium ions onto iron and iron compounds as a disposal container material and its corrosion products, and onto bentonite as a buffer material, was studied to understand the behaviors of selenium in a waste repository. Selenite was sorbed onto commercial magnetite very well in solutions at around pH 9, but silicate hindered their sorption onto both magnetite and ferrite. Unlike commercial magnetite and ferrite, flesh synthesized magnetite, green rust and iron greatly decreased selenium concentration even in a silicate solution. These results might be due to the formation of precipitates, or the sorption of selenide or selenite onto an iron surface at below Eh= -0.2 V. Red-colored Se(cr) was observed on the surface of a reaction bottle containing iron powder added into a selenite solution. Silicate influences on the sorption onto magnetite and iron for selenide are the same as those for selenite. Even though bentonite adsorbed a slight amount of selenite, the sorption cannot be ignored in the waste repository since a very large quantity of bentonite is used.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.307-314
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• 2013

Selenium exists in various forms of chemical species. The activity and bioavailability is strongly dependent on its chemical form and concentration. Consequently the information on each selenium species and its concentration must be exactly determined for the food we take in. In this study, selenium species in seafood were separated and quantified by RP (reversed phase) HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) coupled with ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) using post-column isotope dilution. $^{79}Br$, which interferes on $^{80}Se$, has mostly been removed by solid phase extraction and then mathematical correction has been applied for the more accurate correction. The experimental result for CRM (certified reference material) DOLT-4 agreed well with the certified value but each selenium species could not be compared. SeCys (selenocysteine) and SeMet (selenomethionine) were the major species detected in seafood such as belt fish, spanish mackerel, and squid that have been serving as Korean diet. The concentrations found in Korean sea food for SeCys and SeMet were in the range of 0-661.6 mg/kg and 137.3-462.7 mg/kg, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2007

This study examined the effective treatment method of selenium and translocation characteristics of selenium in order to produce mungbean containing selenium. The foliar application of selenium at 3.5, 7, 14, and $28mg/{\ell}$ during the flowering period, yielded a relatively high record of seeds containing $0.41{\sim}3.96mg/kg$ and $0.27{\sim}2.38mg/kg$ of selenium, from the first and second harvesting. However, seeds from the first harvesting contained $52{\sim}71%$ more selenium than the seeds from the second harvesting. On the other hand, seeds from first and second harvesting of the non-treatment group had the same amount of selenium at 0.02mg/kg only. When the foliar application of selenium at $7mg/{\ell}$ was conducted two or three times, seeds from the first to third harvesting contained just the equal amount of selenium. However, when it was conducted only once, seeds from the first harvesting contained 56% and 67% more than seeds from the second and third harvesting, respectively. In seeds of mungbean containing 2.05mg/kg of selenium, cotyledon had 2.99mg/kg of selenium, which was 38% more than seed coat per unit weight. When mungbean sprout was produced, selenium content was 5.51mg/kg, but seed coats by-product of sprouts had 0.78mg/kg of selenium. The growth and quantity of mungbean was not significantly different according to the concentration and the frequency of foliar application of selenium used for in study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 1999

The mineral status of native goats and forage species, namely; Cynodon plectostachyus, Pennisetum purpureum. Eleusine indica, Cynodon dactylon, Calopogonium muconoides, Centrosema pubescens, Leucaena leococephala, and Mimosa pudica in lahar affected areas of Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines were determined. Forage and blood samples were collected six times in 1996-97, and analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc. Forage calcium and sulfur are non-limiting. Most species had low phosphorus, copper and selenium, while some had magnesium and zinc levels lower than the critical limit because of low mineral content and high percolation rate of lahar deposits. Iron and molybdenum were in excess. The effect of seasonal variation was observed only in copper, sulfur and iron. Average blood mineral concentration of the animals was above critical limit, but there were no significant differences between seasons. All the animals had plasma phosphorus and magnesium above critical level; but 20 % had low copper, zinc and selenium especially in dry season possibly due to insufficient amount of these elements and excessive molybdenum and iron in most forage. Conversely, calcium in forage was high; but 40 % of the animals had low plasma calcium concentration. Although no clinical signs of mineral deficiencies were observed, supplemental feeding would be important since the condition of the pasture in lahar-laden areas is not expected to improve in the next five years. Intensified use of L. leucocephala with better mineral profile would be ideal.