• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.253-272
• /
• 2012

One of the fastest growing sectors in tourism industry is the use of applications from the MICE industry in various parts including business, politics, and cultural exchange due to globalization among the countries. The means-end chain theory suggests that convention participants perceive and judge convention destination as the means to achieving a desired end-state in a given destination selection situation. This study aims at establishing a convention destination's attributes, the benefits of consequences of using it, and the personal values it satisfies. A laddering interview was conducting in order to provide in-depth probing and to elicit responses from 96 visitors. This study presents the unique pyramid-structure of the means-end chain; a model linking perceived convention destination attributes to values. Understanding these concepts provides opportunities for convention destinations to target market segmentation and advertising based on the participants' desired end-states. In conclusion, the major correlations of attributions of the visitors, consequences, and the values are; informativeness(A), activity(A), tourist attraction(A) - sympathy(C), human relations(C) - self-development(V), and fellowship(V).

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.6 no.1 s.11
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 1998

Recently, 3D GIS based on 3D geo-processing methodology and Internet environment are emerging issues in GIS fields. To design and implement 3D GIS, the strategic linkage of Java and VRML is first regarded: 3D feature format definition in the passion of conventional GIS including aspatial attributes, 3B feature indexing, 3D analytical operators such as selection, buffering, and Near, Metric operation such as distance measurement and statistical description, and 3D visualization. In 3D feature format definition, the following aspects are implemented: spatial information for 3D primitives extended from 2D primitives, multimedia data, object texture or color of VRML specification. DXF-format GIS layers with additional attributes are converted to 3D feature format and imported into this system. While, 3D analytical operators are realized in the form of 3D buffering with respect to user-defined point, line, polygon, and 3D objects, and 3D Near functions; furthermore, 'Lantern operator' is newly introduced in this 3D GIS. Because this system is implemented by Java applet, any client with Java-enable browser including VRML browser plug-in can utilize the new style of 3D GIS function in the virtual space. Conclusively, we present prototype of WWW-based 3D GIS, and this approach will be contribute to development of core modules on the stage of concept establishment and of real application model in future.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.14D no.2
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2007

For effective analyses in various business applications, OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) systems represent the multidimensional data as the horizontal format of tables whose columns are corresponding to values of dimension attributes. Because the traditional RDBMSs have the limitation on the maximum number of attributes in table columns(MS SQLServer and Oracle permit each table to have up to 1,024 columns), horizontal tables cannot be directly stored into relational database systems. In this paper, we propose various efficient optimization strategies in transforming horizontal queries to equivalent vertical queries. To achieve this goral, we first store a horizontal table using an equivalent vertical table, and then develop various query transformation rules for horizontal table queries using the PIVOT operator. In particular, we propose various alternative query transformation rules for the basic relational operators, selection, projection, and join. Here, we note that the transformed queries can be executed in several ways, and their execution times will differ from each other. Thus, we propose various optimization strategies that transform the horizontal queries to the equivalent vertical queries when using the PIVOT operator. Finally, we evaluate these methods through extensive experiments and identify the optimal transformation strategy when using the PIVOT operator.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1332-1340
• /
• 2009

Moxa-combustion therapy makes use of heat stimulus and chemicals result form when cauterize the skin with moxa cones to medical cares. Despite an extensive evidence-base guiding the selection of stimulation parameters and attributes of subject, little methodologically research regarding the attributes of moxa cautery in need to provide effective stimulation. To determine moxibustion's effects of the three different moxa cautery made by three different company(as A, B, C), the small intestinal motility in rats were observed after moxibustion at ST36. Under anesthesia, each intensities(1, 5, 10 times), two regions(left and right at ST36) and a quantity(as number of 1, 5, 10 times at once) were applied to the groups divided with sex. In each intensities groups, the A product made increase with 5, 10 times in male and female group. The B and C product made increase with 10 times in male group and the B product made increase with 1, 5, 10 times and the C product made increase with 5 times in female group. In two regions(left and right at ST36) groups, the A and C product made increase with 1(right), 5(right) times and the B product made increase with 1(left), 10(left), 10(right) times in male group. In female group, the A product made increase with 5(left), 5(right), 10(right) times and the B product made increase with 1(left), 10(left), 10(right) times and the C product made increase with 5(left), 10(left) times. In a quantity(as number of 1, 5, 10 times at once) groups, the A and B product did not show any changes but the C product made increase with a quantity of 10 times in male group. In female group, The B product made increase with a quantity of 1 times and the C product made increase with a quantity of 5 times, but the A product did not show any changes. Three different moxa cautery made by three different company made differents result in each group divided with sex. With these results, it was suggested that we should consider the a process of manufacture and moxa cautery's quality for the adequate value of moxibustion.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this research is to explore the selection attributes that the director of a taekwondo gym places importance on when purchasing a work of taekwon gymnastics for the competition. We conducted in-depth interviews with 6 participants using qualitative case study techniques, and analyzed data using Creswell's (2015) spiral analysis method. The data analysis results show music, trainees, characteristics of the work, criteria for evaluating the competition, producer competence, and price factors. As a result of the research, music should be produced around diverse and differentiated genres and music preferred by the trainees, and the appropriate theme should be selected considering the expressiveness and level of the trainees. The work should be considered creative works that harmonize the movement ratio of Taekwondo movements and dance, and the length of the work should be adjusted according to the purpose of the buyer, and the construction of the work should be based on the regulations of the competition. The manufacturer should ensure smooth communication with the buyer, including coaching ability and experience at the convention site. Prices will be affordable and affordable, and prices will need to be calculated based on special prices or mentoring periods for a small number of buyers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.688-701
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the importance and satisfaction of the selective attributes of delivery food and to analyze the factors affecting customer satisfaction. Methods: A total of 574 responses were collected from customers who had ordered delivery food for data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program (ver. 25.0) for frequency analysis, χ2 tests, t-test, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Results: The importance of delivery food selection attributes was higher in the order of 'hygiene control level (4.72)', 'taste of food (4.64)', and 'delivery accuracy (4.40)'. Satisfaction assessment was higher in the order of 'taste of food (4.32)', 'delivery accuracy (4.26)', and 'convenience of using the delivery app (4.21)'. According to the results of IPA, items that were priorities for improvement were charges for delivery, discount offers, sufficient description of the menu, and rapid handling of customer complaints. On an average, overall customer satisfaction score of delivery food was 4.01 out of 5 points. Additionally, five satisfaction factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, quality of delivery platform (p < 0.001), quality of delivery service (p < 0.001), convenience and diversity (p < 0.001), quality of delivery food (p < 0.001), and health and safety (p < 0.001) had significant positive effects on overall customer satisfaction. Conclusion: To increase customer satisfaction among delivery food customers, restaurant or delivery platform managers should consistently improve not only the quality of the delivery platform but also the quality of the delivery food and service.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.145-158
• /
• 2021

This study is aimed at identifying the important factors required by customers through importance-satisfaction analysis of how they choose skin care shops on the basis of certain factors and attributes at this time when there is an urgent need to improve the level of quality that meets their expectations and demands in combination with the quantitative expansion of skin care shops. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 217 people over the age of 20 in Gwangju and Jeonnam area with experience in using skin care shop services. The SPSS v. 21.0 program was used to analyze the collected data. The results are summarized as follows. IPA grid analysis of the difference in importance-satisfaction of sub-factors for skin care shop choice showed that the items corresponding to the upper-left side of maintenance and strengthening, the upper-right side of stainability, and the lower-left side of gradual improvement were the 'sanitary control of tools and products', 'basic situation(legal compliance)', and 'workers' sanitary control', 'internal control of skin care shops', 'professionalism and skills of workers'and 'quality of services', respectively. Consequently, the results of this study will be based on the efficient operation of skin care shops, and further more the utilization of them is expected to expand the quantitative and qualitative base of the skin care industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.9
• /
• pp.1499-1512
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the coffee shop visits of Koreans and Mongolians, and to determine the quality attributes that should be managed by Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The survey was conducted in Seoul and the Gyeonggi Province of Korea, and at Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia from April to May 2012. The questionnaire was distributed to 380 Koreans and 380 Mongolians, with 253 and 250 responses from the Koreans and Mongolians, respectively, used for statistical analyses. From the results, Koreans visited coffee shops more frequently than Mongolians, with both groups mainly visiting a coffee shop with friends. Koreans also spent more time in a coffee shop than Mongolians. In addition, they generally used a coffee shop, regardless of time. In terms of coffee preference, Koreans preferred Americano and Mongolians preferred Espresso. The most frequently stated purpose of Koreans for visiting a coffee shop was to rest, while Mongolians typically visited to drink coffee. The general price range respondents spent on coffee was less than 4~8 thousand won for the Koreans and 2~4 thousand won for the Mongolians. Both Koreans and Mongolians obtained information about coffee shops from recommendations. According to the IPA results of 20 quality attributes of coffee shops, the selection attributes with high importance but low satisfaction were quality, price, and kindness for Koreans, but none of the attributes was found for Mongolians.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.5 s.67
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2006

The advertisement is an informative product in which a company or an organization has made a substantial capital investment in order to achieve their goals based on their carefully thought-out plans. David Ogilvy maintaned that making a headline of an advertisement is worth 80 percent completion of the advertisement. As he insisted, a headline is also the most important element in the printing advertisement. Therefore, the importance of selecting headline's font style is increased because, while creating a headline, it is necessary to consider the emotional aspects of the advertising object that attract the attention of people. Many researchers call 'typography' as 'frozen sound' or 'written sound' because typography not only works as a letter but also provide people with an emotional pleasure. An appropriate selection of headline's font style in the advertisement production makes both the client and the audience for the advertisement satisfied because it reduces the communication risk and makes design results more reasonable. It is difficult to find many decision-making methods for selecting headline's font style. Therefore, the author of this paper investigated the trend of the use of headline's font style in order to help the designer understand headline's font style as one of design factors. As a result of the research, it is possible to conclude that, while selecting the headline's font style, the attributes of a font consist of limited style, and more objective and systematic font selection methods are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.4
• /
• pp.613-621
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the changes of stand diversity before and after applying three different silvicultural treatments such as selection cutting system, two-storied system, and shelterwood system. Data were collected in the natural deciduous forests in Pyungchang of Gangwon Province, Korea. Nine permanent sampling plots of 0.09 ha were established in the forests and the each of silvicultural treatments was applied to three sampling plots, respectively. Some tree variables were measured in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments were applied. With these data, stand attributes were estimated in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments. In this study, two different indices related to each of stand diversity indices such as contagion, DBH-difference, height-difference, and mingling were estimated and compared to analyze the differences of stand diversity among the stands before and after silvicultural treatments. As a result, total eight stand diversity indices were used to analyze the differences among structures of stands managed by three different silvicultural treatments. Duncan's multiple range test and t-test were then employed to statistically analyze the difference of stand diversity among the stands. The results revealed that stand structures seem to be improved after applying the silvicultural treatments. There are significant differences in the stand diversity indices between before and after silvicultural treatments for each stand. According to the evaluation of stand diversity indices, it was confirmed that spatial structure of the stands was improved by applying the silvicultural treatments.