• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.379-386
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 천연 항균물질의 개발 이용을 위해 황기 종자로부터 인체에 무해한 천연 항균 단백질을 ion exchange chromatography 및 gel filteration을 이용하여, 순수 분리하고 특성을 조사하였다. 황기종자로부터 추출한 천연 항균 단백질은 Aspergillus ocraceus, Penicillium expensum, P. digitatum, Botrytis cineria의 포자 발아 및 효모인 Candida albicans의 생육을 현저하게 저해하였으며 ammonium sulfate 포화도가 0.4일 때 단백질의 침전량이 122.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$로 가장 많았고 항균력도 15.2 mm로 가장 높게 나타났다. 강력한 cation exchange chromatography인 Mono-S를 이용하여 FPLC에서 단백질을 분획하였을때 첫번째 peak에서 분획된 단백질군이 항균력을 보였으며 Superose 12HR gel filteration column을 이용하여 2차 분획 하였을 때 분자량이 19 kDa되는 단일 단백질만을 순수분리 할 수 있었다. 전기 영동한 polyacrylamide gel위에 곰팡이 포자를 중층하는 bio autography로 19 kDa 단백질 band의 항균력을 직접 확인하였으며 분리된 항균 단백질의 아미노 말단의 아미 노산 22잔기를 sequencing하고 thaumatin 및 zeamatin 유사 단백질들과 상동성을 측정한 결과 50%내외의 homology를 나타내었다. 분리된 항균 단백질은 곰팡이 균사가 성장하는 선단부위에 가장 먼저 침투하여 channel을 형성함으로 osmolysis를 일으켜 곰팡이의 생육을 억제하는 것으로 추측할 수 있었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.348-355
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• 1998

고소득 작물인 인삼의 생산비 절감 및 고품질화를 위한 새로운 재배법을 확립하기 위하여 Allelopathic 식물이 함유하고 있는 제초활성물질 탐색 동정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 12종류의 표준품을 이용하여 호밀과 귀리의 추출물에 대한 Allelopathy 물질을 분석한 결과, 두 추출물간에 함유하는 물질의 차이를 보였으나 호밀에서는 benzoic acids계열인 salicylic acid(8.34mg/g), 귀리에서는 flavonone glycosides계열인 naringin(7.50mg/g)이 가장 많이 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 동정된 표준품을 이용하여 $10^{-3}M$과 $10^{-4}M$에서 명아주 종자에 대한 발아율, 평균 발아 일수 및 발아세를 조사한 결과 대조구에 비하여 통계적으로 낮은 값을 보여 salicylic acid, naringin를 비롯하여 이러한 물질들이 Allelopathy를 나타내는 성분일 것으로 생각되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The ecological background of a restoration project is complex and difficult to betermine without experimentation. A useful context for experiments is the well-studied process of natural succession, because the factors that drive or inhibit succession are also at work during reclamation (a form of primary succession) and restoration (which often resembles secondary succession). Using experimental studies on urban wasteland reclamation, we have tested for factors that stimulate or inhibit succession during early phases of woodland development in the Northeastern United states. The emphasis has been on mutualisms (seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizae) and microsite limitations in the recruitment, growth, and reproduction of woody plants. Using plantings of seeds, seedlings, and clusters of reproductively mature plants on abandoned landfills, we have observed that (1) soil microsite deficiencies lead to very poor germination (<0.1$\%$) and seedling survival (<0.01$\%$) of most native species; (2) seed dispersal by birds is a significant and reliable source of woody plant recruitment; however (3) proximity effects are strong, with most (up to 95$\%$) of seed rain falling in the vicinity of planted clusters that are closest to putative seed sources; and (4) remnant natural woodlands are critical components of the recruitment process. To emphasize the last point, in one case, we found that the destruction of approximately 50$\%$ of nearby natural woodland vegetation led to a commensurate decline in seed rain. In another case, we found that the species richness of recruits was strictly limited by the species composition of nearby source plant communities, with no evidence of community enrichment by long distance dispersal over 5 years. We conclude from these results that the size and proximity of remnant natural populations are critical considerations when planning reclamation and restoration programs that rely on natural successional processes.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.31-31
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• 2017

Understanding the mechanism(s) to overcome or prevent seed ageing deterioration during storage is of fundamental interest to seed physiologists. Vitamin E (tocols) is known as a key metabolite to efficiently scavenge lipid peroxy radicals which cause membrane breakdown resulting in seed ageing. However, in rice research this hypothesis has been tested for very few lines only without considering intraspecific variation in genomic structure. Here, we present a correlation study between tocols and seed longevity using a diverse rice panel. Seeds of 20 rice accessions held in the International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute, representing aus, indica, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subpopulations, were used for tocols analysis (quantification of ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-, ${\delta}$-tocopherol/tocotrienol by ultra performance liquid chromatography) and storage experiments at $45^{\circ}C$ and 10.9% seed moisture content (sample taken for germination testing every 3 days up to 60 days). To examine interactions between DNA sequences and phenotype, the 700k high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism marker data-set was utilized. Both seed longevity (time for viability to fall to 50%; $p_{50}$) and tocols content varied across subpopulations due to heterogeneity in the genetic architecture. Among eight types of tocol homologues, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol were significantly correlated with $p_{50}$ (negatively and positively, respectively). While temperate japonica varieties were most abundant in ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, indica varieties recorded 1.3 to 1.7-fold higher ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol than those of other subpopulations. It was highlighted that specific ratio of tocol homologues rather than total tocols content plays an important role in the seed longevity mechanism.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.90-90
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• 2017

Regulation of seed dormancy is important in many grains to prevent pre-harvest sprouting. To identify and understand the gene related to seed dormancy regulation, we have screened for viviparous phenotypes of rice mutant lines generated by insertion of Ds transposon in a Korean Japonica cultivar (Dongjin) background. One of the mutants, which represented viviparous phenotype, was selected for further seed dormancy regulation studies and designated dor1. The dor1 mutant has single Ds insertion in the second exon of OsDor1 gene encoding glycine-rich protein. The seeds of dor1 mutant showed a higher germination potential and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity compared to wild type Dongjin. Over-expression of Dor1 complements the viviparous phenotype of dor1 mutant, indicating that Dor1 function in seed dormancy regulation. Subcellular localization assay of Dor1-GFP fusion protein revealed that the OsDor1 protein mainly localized to membrane and the localization of OsDOR1 was influenced by presence of a giberelin (GA) receptor OsGID1. Further bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis indicated that OsDOR1 interact with OsGID1. The combined results suggested that OsDOR1 regulates seed dormancy by interacting with OsGID1 in GA response. Additionally, expression of OsDOR1 partially complemented the cold sensitivity of Escherichia coli BX04 mutant lacking four cold shock proteins, indicating that OsDOR1 possessed RNA chaperone activity.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

Since seagrasses in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems achieve high levels of production, they require high inorganic carbon and nutrient incorporation. Thus, seagrasses may play a significant role in carbon and nutrient cycling in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems. To examine growth dynamics of Zostera marina L. environmental factors such as underwater irradiance, water temperature, and salinity, and biological parameters such as shoot density, biomass, shoot morphology, and leaf productivity were measured in two bay systems (Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay) on the southern coast of Korea. While underwater irradiance did not show distinct seasonal trend, water temperature at both sites exhibited clear seasonal trend throughout the experimental period. Shoot density increased dramatically during winter due to the increased seedlings through germination of seeds in Jindong Bay and due to the increased lateral shoots in Gamak Bay. Eelgrass biomass increased during winter and decreased during summer. Maximum biomass in Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay was 250.2 and 232.3 g dry weight m–a2, respectively. Carbon incorporation into the eelgrass leaf tissues was estimated from productivity and leaf tissues carbon content. The calculated annual carbon incorporations at the Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay sites were 163 and 295 g C m–`2 y–`1, respectively. This high carbon incorporation into seagrass tissues suggests that seagrass habitats play an important role as a carbon absorber in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1980

맥류(麥類)의 겉깜부기병(라흑종병(裸黑種病))과 줄무늬병(반엽병(班葉病))에 대한 종자(種子) 소독(消毒) 효과(效果)를 보기 위하여 자연이병(自然罹病)된 종자(種子)에 Baytan외(外) 13종(種)의 엽제(葉劑)를 처리(處理)한 다음 포장(圃場)에 파종(播種)하여 발병상황(發病狀況)을 조사(調査)하였다. Sisthane 및 Benlate T는 겉깜부기병과 줄무늬병에 대하여 Vitathiram과 같은 방제효과(防除效果)를 나타냈으며, Baytan U는 겉깜부기병에는 효과적(效果的)이었으나 줄무늬병에는 효과(效果)가 떨어졌다. P242는 줄무늬병에는 좋은 약효(藥效)를 나타냈으나 겉깜부기병의 발생(發生)을 막는데는 효과(效果)가 적었으며, Busan 30은 겉깜부기병과 줄무늬병에 대하여 Vitathiram에 비해서 효과(效果)가 불안정(不安定)하였다. 홍시약제(洪試藥劑)로 처리한 보리 쌀보리 및 밀을 실내(室內)서에 발아상(發芽箱)에 키웠을 때 Sisthane과 Baytan U의 고농도처리구(高濃度處理區)에서는 뿌리뒤틀림 현상으로 생육(生育)의 저해(沮害)가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.420-425
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• 1994

올콩의 수확시기에 따른 품질변화를 밝히고자, 대립종인 Yuhsuzumi와 소립종인 담양재내를 공시하여 수확시기별 종실의 수분함량, 입색, 발아율, 지방산 조성 등을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 협과 종실의 수분함량은 R7단계 전후까지는 협의 수분함량이 뚜렷이 높았으나, R8단계 이후에는 종실의 수분함량이 협보다 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 종실의 수분함량이 14%(종실 수분함량으로 본 수확적기) 내외가 되는 시점은 Yuhsuzumi에서는 생리적 성숙기(R7단계)로부터 24일, 담양재내는 8일이 소요되었다. 2. R8단계(고유 성숙협색기)에서 종실의 수분함량은 대립종인 Yuhsuzumi는 25.3%, 소립종인 담양재내는 14.5%를 나타내어 R8단계에 수확시 Yuhsuzumi는 철저한 건조과정이 필요하였다. 3. 수확기 지연에 의하여 Yuhsuzumi는 청색의 종실이 황변하고 입질이 저하되어 발아력이 낮아졌으나, 담양재내는 입질과 발아력의 차이가 없었다. 4. 수확기 지연에 의하여 Yuhsuzumi는 지방산 함량이 낮아졌고, 지방산 조성에 있어서는 Lino-lenic 산은 낮아지고 Oleic산은 증가되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.126-138
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• 2018

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify and evaluate the novel bacterial isolates from rice rhizosphere for biocontrol of M. oryzae pathogen. Sixty bacterial strains from the rice plant's rhizosphere were tested for their biocontrol activity against M. oryzae under in vitro and in vivo. Among them, B. amyloliquefaciens had significant high activity against the pathogen. The least disease severity and highest germination were recorded in seeds treated with B. amyloliquefaciens UASBR9 (0.96 and 98.00%) compared to untreated control (3.43 and 95.00%, respectively) under in vivo condition. These isolates had high activity of enzymes in relation to growth promoting activity upon challenge inoculation of the pathogen. The potential strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and dominance of these particular genes were associated in Bacillus strains. These strains were also confirmed for the presence of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic genes viz., srfAA (surfactin), fenD (fengycin), spaS (subtilin), and ituC (iturin) related to secondary metabolite production (e.g., AMPs). Overall, the results suggested that application of potential bacterial strains like B. amyloliquefaciens UASBR9 not only helps in control of the biological suppression of one of the most devastating rice pathogens, M. grisea but also increases plant growth along with a reduction in application of toxic chemical pesticides.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2008

Aerides vandarum and Vanda stangeana are two rare and endangered vandaceous orchids with immense floricultural traits. The intergeneric hybrids were synthesized by performing reciprocal crosses between them. In vitro germination response of the immature hybrid embryos was found to be best on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) coconut water/liquid endosperm from tender coconut. Determination of hybridity was made as early as the immature seeds or embryos germinated in vitro, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 15 arbitrarily chosen decamer RAPD primers, two were found to be useful in amplification of polymorphic bands specific to the parental species and their presence in the reciprocal crosses. However, a decisive profile that can identify the reciprocal crosses could not be provided by RAPD. Amplification of the trnL-F non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA of the parent species and hybrids aided easy identification of the reciprocal crosses from the fact that maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA held true for these intergeneric hybrids. Subsequent restriction digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified trnL-F non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA also consolidated the finding. Such PCR-based molecular markers could be used for early determination of hybridity and easy identification of the reciprocal crosses.