• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of the ability of callus formation and plant regeneration in seed cultures of rice. The culturabilities of three Japonica rices,'Chucheongbyeo', 'Nagdongbyeo', and 'Daeribbyeo 1', were higher than those of Tongil type cultivars, 'Milyang 23' and 'Samgangbyeo 'The frequency for callus growth in F₂ populations of the three crosses, 'Milyang 23/Chucheongbyeo', 'Milyang 23/Daeribbyeo 1', and' Samgangbyeo/Nagdongbyeo', revealed a nearly normal distribution. The broad-sense heritability estimated from the ability of callus formation in the crosses were ranged from 83.8% to 90.1%. The frequency distribution of plant regenerability in F₂ population of 'Milyang 23/Daeribbyeo 1' showed a continuous variation. But the segregation mode of plant regenerability from seed-derived callus in the F₂ progenies of 'Milyang 23/Chucheongbyeo' and 'Samgangbyeo/Nagdongbyeo' appeared to fit the expected 3 : 1 ratio for the high and low regenerability. These results suggest that the high plant regenerability of 'Chucheongbyeo' and 'Nagdongbyeo' was regulated by a single dominant gene.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

The competence of callus formation and plant regeneration from root derived callus was higher in japonica cultivars than those of Tongil-type cultivars of rice. A japonica type cultivars Yeongdeogbyeo, showed the highest capacity (13%) for plant regeneration from root calli of 6 cultivars tested. The callus induced from seed and root tissues maintained higher capacity for plant regeneration during 7 passages of subculture on N$_{6}$ solid media at 2-week intervals. The maximum frequency (2 x 10$^{5}$ mL) of round cells and their cell colonies showed about 24 days after suspension culture of root-derived callus in N$_{6}$ medium with lmg/L 2,4-D, 300mg/L casein hydrolysate, 10mM L-proline, 20g/L sucrose and 30g/L sorbitol. The frequency of somatic embryo formation in suspension cultures of root-derived callus increased with prolonged advance of subculture time from 30 to 90 days, but their regenerative capacities decreased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2001

Using mature seed-derived callus, optimal conditions for efficient callus growth and plant regeneration, and regeneration efficiency by callus type were investigated in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica steud.). Callus induction was highest when the seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/L BAP, 4 mg/L thiamine-HCl and 100 mg/L $\alpha$-ketoglutaric acid. Callus growth was highest when callus were cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.05 mg/L BAP, 4 mg/L thiamine-HCl and 100 mg/L $\alpha$-ketoglutaric acid. Plant regeneration was highest when callus was transferred on MS medium containing 3% maltose and 1 mg/L BAP, or 1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). The combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP were shown to be critical factors for both the frequency and the type of callus. And four morphologically distinct types of callus were induced from the 2,4-D and BAP treatment. Type I,II and III calli produced shoots upon subculture, while the watery callus, type IV produced roots without shoots. Of four types of callus, type I exhibited the maximum frequency (82%) of shoot regeneration and the minimum frequency (4%) of albinism.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper in the efficiencies of callus formation and plant regeneration of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomarata L.). Seeds were cultured on MS medium containing $2\;mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and different concentrations ($0.1-100\;{\mu}mol$) of copper sulfate. Plant regeneration was achieved on N6 medium containing $1\;mg/{\ell}$ NAA, $5\;mg/{\ell}$ kinetin and $0.1-100\;{\mu}mol$ of copper sulfate. Callus formation was not affected by copper incorporation into MS medium. However, the efficiency of plant regeneration was promoted by copper and the maximum efficiency was obtained when $70\;{\mu}mol$ copper was incorporated in the culture medium. The average number of regenerated plants from the seed-derived callus was also increased by copper.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.323-328
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• 2001

In order to optimize the conditions of callus induction and plant regeneration in seed culture of Italian ryegrass, the effects of basic medium and carbon sources on seed culturability and genotypic difference of plant regenerability were investigated. MS medium was better than N6 and B5 medium in enhancing callus growth and plant regeneration. Sucrose was superior to maltose in plant regeneration as carbon source in the medium. The genotypic difference in plant regenerability was obvious among four cultivars of Italian ryegrass tested. 'Rio' and 'Jeanne' showed to have higher regenerability with the frequency of 38% and 56%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 2001

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of tall fescue, the effects of basic medium and carbon sources on seed culturability and genotypic difference of plant regenerability were investigated. The MS basal medium was superior to $N_{5}$ 6/ and $B_{medium}$ in enhancing callus growth and plant regeneration. To determine the effect of carbon sources on plant regeneration, the seeds were cultured on medium with 30 g/L sucrose and maltose, respectively. Medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose resulted in regeneration of shoots from 50% of the calli. The genotypic difference in plant regenerability was obvious among five cultivars of tall fescue tested. \\`KY31\\` and \\`Hokuryo\\` showed to have higher regenerability with the frequency of 33% and 51%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1390-1394
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• 2004

We have achieved efficient transformation system for forage-type tall fescue plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mature seed-derived embryogenic calli were infected and co-cultivated with each of three A. tumefaciens strains, all of which harbored a standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) and intron-containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (intron-GUS) genes in the T-DNA region. Transformation efficiency was influenced by the A. tumefaciens strain, addition of the phenolic compound acetosyringone and duration of vacuum treatment. Of the three A. tumefaciens strains tested, EHA101/pIG121Hm was found to be most effective followed by GV3101/pIG121Hm and LBA4404/pIG121Hm for transient GUS expression after 3 days co-cultivation. Inclusion of 100 $\mu$M acetosyringone in both the inoculation and co-cultivation media lead to an improvement in transient GUS expression observed in targeted calli. Vacuum treatment during infection of calli with A. tumefaciens strains increased transformation efficiency. The highest stable transformation efficiency of transgenic plants was obtained when mature seed-derived calli infected with A. tumefaciens EHA101/pIG121Hm in the presence of 100 $\mu$M acetosyringone and vacuum treatment for 30 min. Southern blot analysis indicated integration of the transgene into the genome of tall fescue. The transformation system developed in this study would be useful for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tall fescue plants with genes of agronomic importance.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2001

This study was conducted to establish a plant cell culture system for the production of medically important secondary metabolites from Xanthium strumarium. The effects of plant growth regulators including NAA, 2,4-D, kinetin, and ABA were examined in terms of callus induction, maintenance of callus and suspension cultures. It was shown that callus was induced upon treatment with NAA while embryo was induced after treatment with 2,4-D. Callus formation was further improved by treatment with ABA and NAA. The level of callusing increased by 17-29% for the seed case, cotyledon, leaf, and hypocotyl and by 96% in the case of the root. Suspension cell lines were established using calli produced from cotyledon, hypocotyl and root and cultured at 25$\^{C}$ under light conditions. The cells grew up to 15g/L with NAA 2ppm, BA 2ppm, and ABA 1ppm treatment. Supernatants of suspension cultures of cell lines derived from coyledon and hypocotyl produced some distinctive secondary metabolites, one of which was identified as 8-epi-tomentosin, which belongs to the xanthanolides. The amounts of 8-epi-tomentosin produced by the cotyledon- and hypocotylderived cell lines were 13.4mg/L and 11.0mg/L, respectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

Culture condition for callus formation and plant regeneration were optimized by the selection of explants and the manipulation of hormonal combination in the culture medium. The calli induced from seed, cotyledon, hypocotyl and mesophyll segments were more vigorously proliferated under dark condition than those under continuous light condition. Hypocotyl-and cotyledon-derived calli were more regenerative as compared with those of seed and mesophyll. Callus formation from hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants was enhanced on MS medium with 1.0 mg/${\ell}$ 2, 4-D and 0.1 to 0.5 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin or BAP. The combination of 0.1 mg/${\ell}$ NAA and 2.0 to 4.0 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin was the most effective for shoot regeneration from the callus. The maximum frequency (24.0%) of shoot regeneration was obtained from the hypocotyl-derived callus transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/${\ell}$ NAA and 4.0 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin. The capacities for callus, root and shoot formation from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants were remarkably different among cultivars of B. napus tested. The calli induced from hypocotyl produced more shoots than those from cotyledon.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1990

It was determined optimal Culture conditions and suitable growth regulators for seed germination, growth of callus, and protoplasts derived from cultured and mesophyll cells in Gremastra appendiculata. Induction of fusion between protoplasts of cultured and mesophyll cells was examined. The best conditions of seed germination and growth of callus were achieved on Hyponex medium contained plant growth regulators(2mg/l 2, 4-D, lmg/l Kinetin). Viability and regeneration of cell wall in protoplasts was determined with fluorescence microscope. Also, fused protoplasts were achieved by using PEG solution between protoplasts of cultured and mesophyll cells.