• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2003

Various presowing seed treatments have been used to enhance the rates of germination and afterward seedling emergence. Seeds treated by them occasionally have not shown the same rate in indoor and field. The presowing treatments considering germination mechanism and factors affecting germination should be totally included in indoor experiments so that the results drawn could be reproduced in the field. Seed drying after the treatments and field conditions after sowing especially able to show Phytochromemediated responses related to light treatment must be determined prior to force the treatments to seeds. After set up these prerequisites to promote the rates of germination and emergence, many seed treatments proposed so far must be fixed how to be done; alone, sequential and simultaneous.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1994년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES Korean Society of Plant Pathology
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• pp.27-49
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• 1994

Root colonization of biocontrol agents via seed treatment was investigated and a compatible combination, Gliocladium virens G872B and Pseudomonas putida Pf3, in colonizing cucumber rhizosphere was confirmed through the study. Much higher number of fungal and bacterial propagules were detected when two isolates were inoculated together. The presence of Pf3 in root system was greatly helpful to G872B to colonize at root tip. The mechanism of this phenomenon is partially elucidated through the results of in vitro experiments and the observations of scanning electron and fluorescence microscope. Addition of Pf3 cells resulted earlier germination of G872B conidia and increased mycelial growth. And the more number of germinated conidia on seed coat, the more vigorous hypal streching and sporulation on the root surface were observed in coinoculated treatment. The propagules of G872B on the cucumber root when they were challenged against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, were even higher than that of G872B treated alone, and the magnitude of such a difference was getting grater toward the root ip and the population of F. oxysporum on the root was reduced by seed inoculation of G872B. The rhizosphere competence was obviously reflected to disease suppression and plant growth promotion that induced by the given isolate. Green house experiments revealed that the combined treatment provided long-term disease suppression with greater rate and the larger amount of fruit yield than single treatments. Through this study the low temperature growing Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 and MC07 were evaluated to apply them to the winter crops in field or plastic film house. In vitro tests reveal that M45 and MC07 inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctona solani and Phytophthora capsici and enhanced growth of cucumber cotyledon in MS agar. This effect was more pronounced when the bacteria were incubated at 14$^{\circ}C$ than at 27$^{\circ}C$. And disease suppression and plant growth promotion in green house were also superior at low temperature condition. Seed treatment of M45 or soil treatment of MC07 brought successful control of damping-off and enhanced seedling growth of cucumber. The combined treatment of two isolates was more effective than any single treatment.

• 생약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

As the consumption of avocado fruits and avocado oils is steadily increasing, the amount of avocado seeds which are thrown away as by-products is also inceasing. Thus, the possibility of use of avocado seeds as natural preservatives was studied focused on the antioxidant effect. The extraction of avocado seeds and seed husks with 100% ethanol by maceration showed highest antioxidant activities and lowest IC50 values compared to 80% ethanol extract. Furthermore, 100% ethanol extract of avocado seeds and seed husks included significantly higher amount of polyphenols than 80% extract. However, total flavonoid content of 100% avocado seed extract was not signigicantly different from 80% seed extract, whereas that of 100% avocado seed husk extract was significantly higher than 80% seed husk extract. In case of acid values, heating of oil alone for 120 and 180 min significantly increased the acid values, whereas the treatment of oil with seed and seed husk extract signficantly decreased the acid values. These results suggest that antioxidant effects of avocado seeds and seed husks protected the oil against heat-induced acidification. Thus, avocado seeds and seed husks have a potential to be developed as an natural antioxidant and natural preservative which could be used commercially.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.553-569
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• 2000

Many natural medicines have been studied for their capacity and effects of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential in periodontal tissues. Safflower seed has been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone fracture in oriental medicine. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of safflower seed extract and bone substitute on bone formation and regeneration in artificial defects in mongrel dogs. The bony defects were made with round bur at mandible and tibia. Extracts of safflower seed and bovine bone were placed directly at each defect for experimental group, and the defect of control group was sutured without any other treatment. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks. And then histopathologic reading and histomorphometric study was done. There was not significant differences between control and experimental groups in osteoclastic activity and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, new capillary proliferation, fibrosis and new bone formation were prominent in safflower seed extract group. The mandibular defects of safflower seed extract group were healed with dense connective and bony tissues, and endochondral bone formation was observed in tibial defect of safflower seed extract group only. New bone area of safflower seed extract group was more significantly increased than that of control and that of bone substitute group. These results indicate that direct local application of safflower seed extracts on bony defects seems to reduces the early inflammatory response and to promotes the bone regeneration.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1970

Gibberellin을 Seed Potato에 처리함으로서 seed potato내의 환원당과 비환원당의 소장과 붕아경의 현미경적인 조직의 변화에 대한 몇가지 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) Gibberellin을 처리한 Seed potato에 함유한 환원당은 처리하지 않은 Seed Potato에 비하여 현저히 증가하였으며 그 증가정도는 붕아일수의 경과에 따라 차가 심하였다. 처리농도에 있어서는 10ppm구가 5ppm구 보다 증가하였으나 파종 14일부터는 반대의 경향을 인정할 수 있었다. 2) Gibberellin을 처리한 Seed Potato에 함유한 비환원당의 소장도 환원당과 동일한 경향임을 인정할 수 있었다. 3) 붕아경은 Gibberllin 5ppm 및 10ppm 구 공히 Control에 비하여 신장이 빨랐으며 14일후에는 10ppm 구는 Gibberellin처리에 의한 도장현상으로 약간의 생육장해가 발생하였다. 4) Gibberellin 처리에 의하여 붕아된 붕아경은 종단 및 횡단세포가 현저히 커졌으며 피시부나 중심부가 균등하게 팽대하였고 10ppm구가 더 커졌음을 인정할 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2004

Paenibacillus polymyxa E681, with its plant growth promotion and root colonization ability, has been proven to be a promising biocontrol agent of cucumber and barley. This study investigated the attributes related to the movement of bacteria from the seed to the radicle and to the whole root system. It also illustrated the existing form and population changes of the bacteria on seed and root using the scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacteria invaded and colonized the inside of the seed coat while the seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension. Almost the same number of bacteria on seed surface invaded the inside of the seed coat right after seed soaking. The population densities of E681 increased greatly inside as well as on the surface of the seed before the radicle emerged. The bacteria attached on the emerging radicle directly affected the initial population of newly emerg-ing root. The colonized cells on the root were arranged linearly toward the elongation of the root axis. In addition to colonizing the root surface, strain E681 was found inside the roots, where cells colonized the inter-cellular space between certain epidermal and cortical cells. When the cucumber seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension and sown in pot, the bacterial populations attached on both the surface and inside of the root were sustained up to harvesting time. This means that E681 successfully colonized the root of cucumber and sustained its population density up to harvesting time through seed treatment.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1973

본 실험은 침투성살충제 Fussol, Dimethoate, Metasystox 및 Dimecron을 벼, 보리 및 콩씨에 분의처리하였을 때 발아에 미치는 영향과 살충효과 및 그의 지속성을 알기 위해 실시하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1). 법씨는 Fussol처리에서 발아력을 완전히 잃었으며 Dimethoate 처이에서는 처리후 파종시까지 시간이 경과함에 따라 발아율이 크게 저하되었으나 Metasystox 와 Dimecron 처리에서는 발아저해가 비교적 적었다. 2) 보리씨는 Fussol처리에서 처리 후 1일 파종에서는 비교적 발아율이 높았으나 25일 파종에서는 발아력이 완전히 상실되었다. 그밖에 공시약제도 무처리에 비하여 약간의 발아저해가 있었으나 저장기문이 지나도 별로 발아력이 저하되지 않았다. 3) 콩씨에서는 처리후 1일 파종에서 공시약제 모두 비교적 좋은 발아율을 보였으나 Fussol, Dimethoate 및 Metasystox는 처리후 25일 파종에서 발아에 저해가 컸고 Dimecron 처리에서는 발아저해가 비교적 적었다. 4) 볍씨 처리에서 Dimethoate는 파종후 20일까지 끝동매미충에 대하여 살충력이 좋았으나 30일 에서의 살충력은 낮았다. 그밖에 약제처리에서는 살충력이 모두 낮았다. 5) 보리씨 처리에서 Dimethoate는 옥수수테두리진딧물에 대하여 비교적 살충효과가 좋았으나 다른 약제처리효과는 낮았다. 주당 평균 산난수는 무처리 13개에 대하여 Dimethoate 2개, Fussol 4개, Metasystox 6개, Dimecron 7개이었다. 6) 콩씨 처리에서는 파종후 9일까지 공시약제 모두 좋은 살충효과를 나타내었으며 18일 조사에서는 Dimethoate, Metasystox 및 Dimecron에서 비교적 중은 살충효과를 보였으나 Fussol만은 살충력이 무처리와 차리가 없었다. 7) 침투성살충제의 분의처리에 있어서 발아저해와 살충력 및 그의 지속기간은 약제의 종류, 종자의 종류, 처리후 파종시까지의 경과일수에 따라 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 본다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 1989

국내외에서 수집한 5종(JA 2, JA6, Mammoth French White, D-19, K-8) 돼지감자 화기에서 종자결실을 조사하였고 수집 종자들의 발아특성을 밝히고 환경조건을 달리하여 발아유도를 시도하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 임실율은 품종에 따라 차이가 있어 JA 2의 2.4％에서 Mammoth French White의 14.7％ 범위에 있었으며 1주로부터 채취 가능한 종자입수는 JA2의 88개에서 JA6의 1,058 개 범위이었다. 2. 수확 후 3개월 실내 저장된 종자는 약 0％의 발아율을 나타냈으며 온도, 광 및 GA3에도 발아가 유도되지 않았다. 그러나 실내에서 27개월 저장된 종자는 D-19 품종에서 47.5％까지 발아하였다. 3. 종피제거된 종자는 96.8％의 발아율을 나타냈으며 종피에 바늘로 구멍을 뚫었을 때에도 82.3％ 발아하였다. 따라서 종피제거 방법에 의해 완전한 발아유도가 가능하였으며 돼지감자 휴면종자는 종피에 의해 발아가 억제되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 4. 휴면종자를 약 70일 저온습층처리한 경우 85％ 이상의 발아율을 나타냈으며 이 경우 종피존재여부에 관계없이 어느 경우에나 발아하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

To investigate the possibility of crypreservation of mulberry seeds in liquid nitrogen(LN$_2$), characteristics of the seeds were examined after picking mulberry syncarps and drying-heat treatment. Storage in LN$_2$has the potential of providing indifinite preservation of valuable seed germplasm. Determining the tolerance of seeds among given cultivars to LN$_2$cooling and subsequent rewarming is the first step to establishing the feasibility of LN$_2$storage. Seeds of 4 mulberry varities were treated to LN$_2$(-196$\^{C}$) for 24 hours after drying heat treatment. Seed moisture content of Daeryukppong was the highest. As moisture content of mulberry seed was below 1%, storage in LN$_2$was safe. And drying heat treatment for 60 minutes was suitable to prevent decreased germination rate and germination vigor of seeds. The seeds of Cheongilppong were unsuibable to cryopreserve in LN$_2$for longterm storage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the variation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.; CMV) seed quality after flowering. We tagged individual open flowers of CMV at the day of maximum flowering(11 May) in Seoul, Korea. Seed samples were harvested serially at 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after flowering(DAF). To compare with dried seeds, non-dried seeds were tested immediately after harvest and the remaining seeds were placed at room temperature for 4 weeks. Seed length, 1000 seed weight, moisture content, germination rate(GR), mean germination time(MGT), germination speed(GS), germination performance index(GPI) and physical dormancy rate(PDR) were investigated. Seed length increased to 2.6 mm and 1000 seed weight reached up to 2.2 g until 25 DAF. Seed moisture content dramatically decreased from 20 to 25 DAF. Moisture content of non-dried seed(7.5%) was similar to that of dried seed(5.5%) at 25 DAF. The rate of seed viability reached up to 94% at 25 DAF. In case of dried seed, GR increased up to 39% at 25 DAF whereas GR of non-dried seed varied from 5 to 10%. GS and GPI of dried seed were significantly higher than those of non-dried seed since 25 DAF. PDR of dried seed has decreased since 20 DAF, whereas PDR of non-dried seed has increased. GR, GS and GPI increased as PDR decreased. Our results evidenced that PDR might be one of major factor in variation of seed quality, of which development was completed at 25 DAF.