• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Thirty one of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from perilla leaf cultivation areas in Miryang were investigated on the characteristics, such as enterotoxin genes and antibiotic susceptibility. Five toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see) were examined by PCR method. Disc diffusion method was used to examine the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus by using 18 types of antibiotic discs with different concentrations. Among enterotoxin-encoding genes, sea and sed genes were co-detected from 4 isolates (12.9%), sed gene was founded in 9 isolates (29.0%), and see gene was founded in 1 isolate (3.2%). However seb and sec and tsst were not detected in any isolates. As a result of antibiotic susceptibility test, 7 isolates (22.6%) were resistant to 12 antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cephalothin, imipenem, gentamicin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and erythromycin). 2 isolates (6.5%) were resistant to 5 antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamycin, and telithromycin). MRSA (Methicilline Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was founded in packing vinyl, hands, and perilla leaves.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.507-516
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of PPARβ/δ over-expression on PGC-1α mRNA and protein stability after single bout of swimming exercise in mice skeletal muscle. Empty vector (EV) or PPARβ/δ was over-expressed in tibialis anterior(TA) using electroporation(EPO) technique to compare with non-treatment muscle(control; Con). TA muscles were dissected at 0h, 24h or 54h after termination of exercise. PGC-1α mRNA in Con, EV and PPARβ/δ over-expressed muscles were increased 6.8 fold (p<.001), 6.2 fold(p<.001) and 7.1 fold(p<.001), respectively, than sedentary(Sed) group at 0h after exercise and then reverted to Sed group levels at 24h and 54h after termination of exercise. PGC-1α and PGC-1α ubiquitination in EV treated muscles were increased 2.2 fold and 1.74 fold, respectively, than Sed group at 24h after termination of exercise, and then reverted to Sed group levels at 54h after termination of exercise. PGC-1α in PPARβ/δ over-expressed muscles at 24h and 54h after termination of exercise were increased 2.5 fold and 2.2 fold, respectively, than Sed group, but PGC-1α ubiquitination was not increased at 24h and 54h after termination of exercise. Our results indicate that PPARβ/δ over-expression does not increase PGC-1α mRNA stability, but increase PGC-1α protein stability through post-translation mechanism after termination of exercise.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1157-1167
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• 2013

Sayeon dam is the one that is structured in 1965 and supplying residential water in Ulsan. The hill located within the reservoir near the entrance of the dam spillway plays a role as a natural Dike. According to the recent surveys on change of sediment and effective volume of water kept in store, the latter that decreased 2.92% from twenty million tons and the former increased just 1.65 m. In this survey we examined the application of SED-2D model using measured data of Sayeon dam sediment. In addition we surveyed the inflow control and the water depth to be kept when installing small hydraulic structure similar to Dike around the dam reservoir entrance. To do this, we simulated the hydraulic effects and sediment on the conditions eliminating the hill or installing the structure higher than it. The controlling effects of present hill or adding small hydraulic structure on it was found, though the changes of the measure was not large.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.45-49
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• 2019

[Purpose] Recent studies suggest that ursolic acid (UA) is a potential candidate for a resistance exercise mimetic that can increase muscle mass and alleviate the deleterious effect of skeletal muscle atrophy on bone health. However, these studies evaluated the effects of UA on skeletal muscle and bone tissues, and they have not verified whether such effect could occur concurrently on muscle and bone, as is the case with resistance exercise. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of UA injection on muscle mass and bone microstructure using an animal model of atrophy to demonstrate the potential of UA as a resistance exercise mimetic. [Methods] The immobilization (IM) method was used on the left hindlimb of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for 10 days to induce muscle atrophy, whereas the right hindlimb was used as an internal control (IC). The animal models were divided into two groups, SED (sedentary, n=6) and UA (n=6) to demonstrate the effect of UA on atrophic skeletal muscles. The UA group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of UA (5 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. After 10 days of IM, the data collected for the IC were compared with that of IM to determine whether muscle atrophy might occur. [Results] Muscle atrophy was induced and bone mineral density (BMD) decreased significantly. The 8-week UA treatment significantly increased the gastrocnemius muscle mass compared to the SED group. In regard to the effect of UA on bones, negative results such as a decrease in BMD, trabecular bone volume fraction, and trabecular number, and an increase in trabecular separation, were observed in the SED group, but no such difference was observed in the UA group. No significant difference was observed in atrophic hindlimbs between SED and UA groups. [Conclusion] These results alone are insufficient to suggest that UA is a potential resistance exercise mimetic for atrophic skeletal muscle and weakened bone. However, this study will help determine the potential of UA as a resistance exercise mimetic.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.894-905
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• 1992

Dioxygen binding and homogeneous catalytic oxidation of hydrazobenzene were investigated by employing tetradentate Schiff base Cobalt(II) complexes such as Co(II)(SED)$(Py)_2$, Co(II)(SOPD)$(Py)_2$ and Co(II)(SND)$(Py)_2$ in saturated oxygen methanol solvent. The major product of hydrazobenzene ($H_2$AB) oxidation by catalysts of superoxo type [Co(III)(SED)(Py)$O_2$] and [Co(III)(SOPD)(Py)$O_2$] complexes are trans-azobenzene (t-AB) and rate constants k for oxidation reaction was 7.692 ${\times}$ $10^{-2}$ M/sec for [Co(III)(SED)(Py)$O_2$] and 5.076 ${\times}$ $10^{-2}$ M/sec for [Co(III)(SOPD)(Py)$O_2$]. But cis-azobenzene (c-AB) are obtained as a major product with ${\mu}$-peroxo type [Co(III)(SED)(Py)]$_2O_2$ catalyst, and rate constant k is 1.266 ${\times}$ $10^{-2}$ M/sec. The rate constants of oxidation reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically and the rate law established. A mechanism involving a intermediate activated complexes of catalyst, hydrazobenzene and oxygen has been proposed. $H_2$AB + Co(II)(Schiff base)$(Py)_2$ + $O_2$ ${\rightleftharpoons}_{MeOH}^K$ Co(III)(Schiff base)(Py)$O_2$${\cdot}$$H_2$AB + Py $\longrightarrow^k$ Co(II)(Schiff base)$(Py)_2$ + t-AB + $H_2O_2$(Scchiff base : SED and SOPD). $H_2$AB + 2Co(II)(SND)$(Py)_2$ + $O_2$ ${\rightleftharpoons}_{MeOH}^K$ [Co(III)(SND)(Py)]$_2O_2$${\cdot}$H_2$AB + 2Py ${\longrightarrow}^k$ (Co(II)(SND)$(Py)_2$ + c-AB + $H_2O_2$.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2011

Exercise training (ET) and selenium (SEL) were evaluated either individually or in combination (COMBI) for their effects on expression of glucose (AMPK, PGC- $1{\alpha}$, GLUT-4) and lactate metabolic proteins (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) in heart and skeletal muscles in a rodent model (Goto-Kakisaki, GK) of diabetes. Forty GK rats either remained sedentary (SED), performed ET, received SEL, ($5\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}kg$ body $wt^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) or underwent both ET and SEL treatment for 6 wk. ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI resulted in a significant lowering of lactate, glucose, and insulin levels as well as a reduction in HOMA-IR and AUC for glucose relative to SED. Additionally, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI increased glycogen content and citrate synthase (CS) activities in liver and muscles. However, their effects on glycogen content and CS activity were tissue-specific. In particular, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI induced upregulation of glucose (AMPK, PGC-la, GLUT-4) and lactate (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) metabolic proteins relative to SED. However, their effects on glucose and lactate metabolic proteins also appeared to be tissue-specific. It seemed that glucose and lactate metabolic protein expression was not further enhanced with COMBI compared to that of ET alone or SEL alone. These data suggest that ET alone or SEL alone or COMBI represent a practical strategy for ameliorating aberrant expression of glucose and lactate metabolic proteins in diabetic GK rats.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 1992

In order to predict the distribution of chemical species of copper and cadmium in water, conditional stability constant and complexation capacity between copper or cadmium and natural aquatic sediment have been determined in a shallow lake in Haman, Kyungnam. Kinetic parameters were calculated by Langmuir isotherm equation. Conditional stability constant was log $K_{cuSed}=4.78 and log K_{cdSed}=4.45$. Complexation capacity was $1.70{\times}10^{-4}$moles/g for copper and $5.54{\times}10^{-5}$moles/g for cadmium. Accuracy of experimental values of conditional stability constant was checked by comparing the calculated concentration of the metals with the measured one. Relatively good agreement between these values was obtained. Relative errors were 8.9% for copper and 6.5% for cadmium. Data of the measured conditional stability constant were put into data base of MINEQL computer program, and concentration of various chemical species of copper and cadmium in a model aquatic system was calculated. Aquatic sediment was associated with copper at the concentration of $10^{-5M}(0.059g/\ell)$10-5M(0.059g/l) and with cadmium at the concentration of $10^{-6M}(0.018g/\ell)$, and it significantly influenced on the distribution of chemical species of the metals. This result showed that prediction of chemical species of the heavy metals in an aquatic system should be taken into account the influence of the sediment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.295-303
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• 2006

To provide microbial information for the safety of agricultural production, the presence of enterotoxin genes and antibiotic susceptibility of 14 isolated Staphylococcus aureus (11.7%) strains were investigated using PCR-based methods and disk diffusion method, respectively. Among enterotoxin-encoding genes, sea was detected from two isolates (14.3%), sea and sed genes were co-detected from three isolates (21.4%), and sea, sed, and see genes in seven isolates (50.0%), whereas seb, sec, and tsst were not detected in any isolate. Nine (64.3%), eight (57.1%), six (42.9%), two (14.3%), and one (7.2%) isolates were resistant to penicillin, novobiocin, amphicillin, erythromycin and oxacillin, and doxycycline and kanamycin, respectively. Methicilline-resistant S. aureus was found in roller of B farm and in hydroponic solution of D farm.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78.3-78.3
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• 2015

About 70 high redshift quasars with $z{\geq}5$ have been discovered through combinations of standard broad-band filters to distinguish them from contaminating sources. However, among the discovered quasars so far, there is a redshift gap at $5{\leq}z{\leq}6$ due to the limitation of traditional filter sets and selection techniques. To understand the early mass growth of supermassive black holes and the final stage of the cosmic reionization, it is important to find a statistically meaningful sample of quasars with various physical properties. Here we suggest a new selection technique of high redshift quasars using medium-band filters: nine filters with bandwidths of 50nm and central wavelengths from 625 to 1025nm. Photometry with these medium-bands traces the spectral energy distribution (SED) of a source, similar to spectroscopy with R~15. We installed these filters to SED camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (SQUEAN) on the 2.1m telescope at McDonald Observatory, and conducted test observations of known high redshift quasars at $4.7{\leq}z{\leq}6.1$ and also dwarf stars for comparison. We found differences in SED shapes between high redshift quasars and dwarf stars, determined their locations on color-color diagrams, and demonstrated that the medium-band filters can enhance the efficiency of selecting robust quasar candidates in this redshift range. In this poster, we propose an effective selection method of high redshift quasars using these medium-band filters and discuss its effect on our high redshift quasar survey.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2021

In this paper, We produced supporting for ginseng cultivation facilities as a material recycling product of CPW(Complex Plastic Wastes, CPW) from households. And we analyzed the characteristics of material recycling products according to the amount of r-LDPE(Recycled low density polyethylene, r-LDPE) used. As a result, as the amount of recycled LDPE used increa sed, the tensile strength a nd elonga tion of ma teria l recycled products using CPW increa sed, but a sh decrea sed. When the recycled r-LDPE usage is 5% or more, the physical properties of the material recycling product using CPW stably satisfy the quality standard (GRM 3093-2021) of supporting for ginseng cultivation facilities.