• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.35
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• pp.93-132
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• 2013

It is principle that the National Assembly Minutes are open to the general public based on the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. However, it will not be released to the public when the minutes are produced at a meeting held privately -the closed minutes- and the parts of the minutes are not published because of 'the demands on keeping confidential of the Chairman of the National Assembly or needs for the National Security' based on the National Assembly Act article 118 clause 1. These two minutes infringe the democratic rights, the public's rights to know seriously by reason that there are no procedures to disclose to the public. Especially the non-published parts of the minutes are highly likely in breach of the constitution. This paper will deal with the regulations and guidelines related to the disclosure of the closed minutes focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom where developing countries on the parliamentary democracy. Then, it is suggested placing an emphasis on the legal aspects that the plans to make public of the closed minutes and non published parts of the minutes based on the reviewed results of the committee of the National Assembly Archives and the initiative proposed by the member of the National Assembly, Jung Chang-rae in the last 2004.

• Maritime Security
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-42
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• 2021

Controversy continues over the offensive nature of China's naval strategy to become a maritime power. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of China's naval strategy to become a maritime power by using the three elements of strategy and predict China's military actions in the future. For this purpose, research was conducted by considering the three elements of strategy and the distinct characteristics of naval strategy, and it was found that China's naval strategy was overall aggressive, but there was an imbalance in the pursuit of aggression between each strategic element. Offensive nature was prominent in terms of the methods, but there were limitations in the goals and means, such as the need to cooperate with neighboring countries to become a maritime power and the lack of military technology and operational continuity. The prospects for China's future military actions derived from the imbalance between these strategic elements are as follows. ① The risk of all-out military conflict with the US is low for now. ② China may use its naval power to force or cause limited military clashes against neighboring countries within the first island chain. ③ Accidental military conflicts with the US and neighboring countries may occur over naval confrontation over territorial disputes.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.258-273
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• 2019

Bilbao, Spain, made a mark as a example of the regional revitalization by culture and tourism. Korean Government have a perspective that culture and tourism could be an alternative to the regional crisis of manufacturing in 2018. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the locational specificity and the revival strategies for the regional development of Bilbao in a structural context. This could provide implications to the regional crisis of Korea. The main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the local government of Bilbao has taken an active role, using not only its political and financial autonomy but also its locational advantage as an important nodal region of transnational trade networks in Europe. Secondly, Bilbao was able to sustain its regional revitalization initiatives for a long period by facilitating public-private partnership system. Finally, despite the effectiveness of the mega project and place marketing, low job security and the polarization of the service sector have emerged as a problem at the same time. Still, the deindustrialization of Bilbao could be possible due to the various services including knowledge-based services and financial services as well as culture and tourism.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2020

Due to the coronavirus pandemic and diplomatic disputes, governments are actively developing a policy to revitalize·reshore manufacturing and to diversify international cooperations. In order to develop such a policy, it is very important to compare and analyze domestic·international geospatial information. Over the decade, the US·EC governments have conducted a series of national researches to build data-based tools that can monitor·analyze regional geospatial information driven by government R&D investments. In the case of the EC system, it can compare geospatial information in domestic and international(including Korea) regions. Compared to US·EC cases, Korean examples of national researches with available data analplatform need future improvements. Current study is investigating an automated analysis methodologies using "National Institute of Science and Technology Information (NTIS)" DB, which was national security data until recently. Research on data-mining regional geospatial information can contribute to support policy fields that need to discover new issues in response to unexpected social problems such as recently faced corona and trade disputes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

With the recent 4th Industrial Revolution, the growth and value of big data are continuously increasing, and the government is also actively making efforts to open and utilize public data. However, the situation still does not reach the level of demand for public data use by citizens, At this point, it is necessary to identify research trends in the public data field and seek directions for development. In this study, in order to understand the research trends related to public data, the analysis was performed using topic modeling, which is mainly used in text mining techniques. To this end, we collected papers containing keywords of 'Public data' among domestic and foreign research papers (1,437 domestically, 9,607 overseas) and performed topic modeling based on the LDA algorithm, and compared domestic and foreign public data research trends. After analysis, policy implications were presented. Looking at the time series by topic, research in the fields of 'personal information protection', 'public data management', and 'urban environment' has increased in Korea. Overseas, it was confirmed that research in the fields of 'urban policy', 'cell biology', 'deep learning', and 'cloud·security' is active.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2020

The study started with the question, "Is Japan's normalization of nationalization a return to militarism?" Therefore, in order to analyze this, the characteristics of the international system after the inauguration of the Japanese Empire during World War I and World War II and the Abe's 2nd Cabinet in contemporary Japan were compared. Through this, there were some differences in the characteristics of the international system of the two periods, and as a result, it was intended to derive the differences between the two examples. During the prewar period of World War I, the militaristic Japanese Empire suffered great damage from the national pride of being the only power in Asia through the Paris Enhancement Conference, the Washington Navy Treaty, and the London Navy Treaty. However, the Western powers with colonies in Asia still existed in the region, so it was not possible to turn them into immediate power expansion. Meanwhile, World War II broke out in Europe. As a result, the Western powers had to focus on the whole of Europe, and the militaristic Japanese empire became a regional hegemony without missing the international system characteristic of "the hegemony." Unlike in the past militarism, Japan's case of pursuing common nationalization since 2012 has been carried out in the order of Northeast Asia in the composition of the "cold war" new cold war. In particular, Japan is attempting to transform itself into a normal state to strengthen the US-Japan alliance on a self-reliant level due to the lack of quantitative military power compared to the neighboring countries.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.241-271
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• 2020

The military technology currently receiving the most attention is the hypersonic missile. hypersonic is faster than the speed of sound or Mach 5+. The vast majority of the ballistic missiles that it inspired achieved hypersonic speeds as they fell from the sky. Rather than speed, today's renewed attention to hypersonic weapons owes to developments that enable controlled flight. These new systems have two sub-varieties: hypersonic glide vehicles and hypersonic cruise missiles. Hypersonic weapons could challenge detection and defense due to their speed, maneuverability, and low altitude of flight. The fundamental question of this study is: 'What effect will the hypersonic missile have on the maritime strategy?' It is quite prudent to analyze and predict the impact of technology in the development stage on strategy in advance. However, strategy is essential because it affect future force construction. hypersonic missiles act as a limiting factor in securing sea control. The high speed and powerful destructive power of the hypersonic missile are not only difficult to intercept, but it also causes massive ship damage at a single shot. As a result, it is analyzed that the Securing sea control will be as difficult as the capacity of sea denial will be improved geographically and qualitatively. In addition, the concept of Fortress Fleet, which was criticized for its passive strategy in the past, could be reborn in a modern era. There are maritime power projection/defence, SLOC attack/defence in exploiting sea control. The effects of hypersonic missiles on exploiting sea control could be seen as both limiting and opportunity factors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1666-1689
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• 2021

The red line of Permanent Basic Farmland is the most important part in the "three-line" demarcation of China's national territorial development plan. The scientific and reasonable delineation of the red line is a major strategic measure being taken by China to improve its ability to safeguard the practical interests of farmers and guarantee national food security. The delineation of Permanent Basic Farmland zoning (DPBFZ) is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. However, the traditional method of demarcation does not take into account the synergistic development goals of conservation of cultivated land utilization, ecological conservation, or urban expansion. Therefore, this research introduces the idea of artificial immune optimization and proposes a multi-objective model of DPBFZ red line delineation based on a clone selection algorithm. This research proposes an objective functional system consisting of these three sub-objectives: optimal quality of cropland, spatially concentrated distribution, and stability of cropland. It also takes into consideration constraints such as the red line of ecological protection, topography, and space for major development projects. The mathematical formal expressions for the objectives and constraints are given in the paper, and a multi-objective optimal decision model with multiple constraints for the DPBFZ problem is constructed based on the clone selection algorithm. An antibody coding scheme was designed according to the spatial pattern of DPBFZ zoning. In addition, the antibody-antigen affinity function, the clone mechanism, and mutation strategy were constructed and improved to solve the DPBFZ problem with a spatial optimization feature. Finally, Tongxu County in Henan province was selected as the study area, and a controlled experiment was set up according to different target preferences. The results show that the model proposed in this paper is operational in the work of delineating DPBFZ. It not only avoids the adverse effects of subjective factors in the delineation process but also provides multiple scenarios DPBFZ layouts for decision makers by adjusting the weighting of the objective function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2021

The identification of regional collision risks in water areas is significant for the safety of navigation. This paper introduces a new method of collision risk assessment that incorporates a clustering method based on the distance factor - hierarchical clustering - and uses real-time data in case of several surrounding vessels, group methodology and preliminary assessment to classify vessels and evaluate the basis of collision risk evaluation (called HCAAP processing). The vessels are clustered using the hierarchical program to obtain clusters of encounter vessels and are combined with the preliminary assessment to filter relatively safe vessels. Subsequently, the distance at the closest point of approach (DCPA) and time to the closest point of approach (TCPA) between encounter vessels within each cluster are calculated to obtain the relation and comparison with the collision risk index (CRI). The mathematical relationship of CRI for each cluster of encounter vessels with DCPA and TCPA is constructed using a negative exponential function. Operators can easily evaluate the safety of all vessels navigating in the defined area using the calculated CRI. Therefore, this framework can improve the safety and security of vessel traffic transportation and reduce the loss of life and property. To illustrate the effectiveness of the framework proposed, an experimental case study was conducted within the coastal waters of Mokpo, Korea. The results demonstrated that the framework was effective and efficient in detecting and ranking collision risk indexes between encounter vessels within each cluster, which allowed an automatic risk prioritization of encounter vessels for further investigation by operators.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1331-1340
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• 2020

Object detection in maritime means that the captain detects floating objects that has a risk of colliding with the ship using the computer automatically and as accurately as human eyes. In conventional ships, the presence and distance of objects are determined through radar waves. However, it cannot identify the shape and type. In contrast, with the development of AI, cameras help accurately identify obstacles on the sea route with excellent performance in detecting or recognizing objects. The computer must calculate high-volume pixels to analyze digital images. However, the CPU is specialized for sequential processing; the processing speed is very slow, and smooth service support or security is not guaranteed. Accordingly, this study developed maritime object detection software and implemented it with FPGA to accelerate the processing of large-scale computations. Additionally, the system implementation was improved through embedded boards and FPGA interface, achieving 30 times faster performance than the existing algorithm and a three-times faster entire system.