• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.787-796
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• 2009

The electronic commerce keeps going through a tremendous growth since the latter half of 1990's. But the consumer damages are being increased from characteristics such as non-confrontation, anonymity, internationality, unilaterality and possibility of temptation. Accordingly, this thesis has derived legal and systematic improvements for consumer protection in general as follows. First of all, it is necessary to extend the period to exercise the subscription withdrawal rights according to electronic commerce consumer protection law. Second, the electronic commerce has high possibility of causing errors by consumers because it is performed by non-confrontation and the accurate information must be provided to prevent errors in advance because it is not easy for consumers to prove their own errors. Third, a certification mark system on electronic agreement has to be adopted. Fourth, the legal, systematic and technological measures have to be adopted to prevent from having a sense of fear toward leaking or using personal information through a safe personal information management. Fifth, a strict supervision on internet trust mark is required. Finally, because the intervention or interference by a third party may take place through a hacking on messages or documents sent according to procedure in terms of online settlement, it is necessary to raise security on the system through a precise authentication between concerned parties.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.429-435
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• 2020

North Korea declared itself complete with nuclear force after its sixth nuclear test in 2017. Despite efforts at home and abroad to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula, the prospects for the denuclearization are not bright. Along with political and diplomatic efforts to deter NK's WMD threats, the government is required to strengthen its consequence management capabilities against 'catastrophic situations' expected in case of emergency. Accordingly, this study was conducted to present measures to strengthen follow-up management against CBRN threats. The research model was partially supplemented and utilized by the THIRA process adopted and utilized by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security among national-level disaster management plan development models. Korea's consequence management (CM) system encompasses risk and crisis management on disaster condition. The system has been carried out in the form of a civil, government and military integrated defense operations for the purpose of curbing the spread or use of CBRNs, responding to threats, and minimizing expected damages. The preventive stage call for the incorporation of CBRN concept and CM procedures into the national management system, supplementing the integrated alarm systems, preparation of evacuation facilities, and establishment of the integrated training systems. In the preparation phase, readjustment of relevant laws and manuals, maintenance of government organizations, developing performance procedures, establishing the on-site support systems, and regular training are essential. In the response phase, normal operations of the medical support system for first aid and relief, installation and operation of facilities for decontamination, and development of regional damage assessment and control guidelines are important. In the recovery phase, development of stabilization evaluation criteria and procedures, securing and operation of resources needed for damage recovery, and strengthening of regional damage recovery capabilities linked to local defense forces, reserve forces and civil defense committees are required.

• Strategy21
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• s.39
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• pp.5-46
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• 2016

North Korea's 4th nuclear test on Jan. 6 and following developments once again awakened the world into seriousness of the nuclear matters on the Korean peninsula. On March 2, UNSC adopted Resolution 2270 which is complemented by Seoul government's measures such as withdrawal from the Gaesung Industrial Complex (Feb. 9) and announcement of unilateral sanction (March 8). Seoul government also strongly urged the international community to strangle North Korea's 'financial resources.' The U.S., Japan, China, and other countries have issued unilateral sanctions to complement the UNSC measure. South Korea and the U.S. conducted their annual joint military drill (Resolve-Foal Eagle) in the largest-ever scale. North Korea, however, responded with demonstration of its nuclear capabilities and announcement of de facto 'nuclear-first' politics. North Korea test-fired a variety of delivery vehicles, threatened nuclear strikes against South Korea and the U.S., and declared itself as an 'invincible nuclear power armed with hydrogen bombs' at the 7th Workers 'Party Congress held in May, 2016. Considering the circumstantial evidences, the North's 4th nuclear test may have been a successful boosted fission bomb test. North Korea, and, if allowed to go on with its nuclear programs, will become a nuclear power armed with more than 50 nuclear weapons including hydrogen bombs. The North is already conducting nuclear blackmail strategy towards South Korea, and must be developing 'nuclear use' strategies. Accordingly, the most pressing challenge for the international community is to bring the North to 'real dialogue for denuclearization through powerful and consistent sanctions. Of course, China's cooperation is the key to success. In this situation, South Korea has urgent challenges on diplomacy and security fronts. A diplomatic challenge is how to lead China, which had shown dual attitudes between 'pressure and connivance' towards the North's nuclear matters pursuant to its military relations with the U.S, to participate in the sanctions consistently. A military one is how to offset the 'nuclear shadow effects' engendered by the North's nuclear blackmail and prevent its purposeful and non-purposeful use of nuclear weapons. Though South Korea's Ministry of Defense is currently spending a large portion of defense finance on preemption (kill-chain) and missile defense, they pose 'high cost and low efficiency' problems. For a 'low cost and high efficiency' of deterrence, South Korea needs to switch to a 'retaliation-centered' deterrence strategy. Though South Korea's response to the North's nuclear threat can theoretically be boiled down into dialogue, sanction and deterrence, now is the time to concentrate on strong sanction and determined deterrence since they are an inevitable mandatory course to destroy the North' nuclear-first delusion and bring it to a 'real denuclearization dialogue.'

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2020

Drought is one of the most influential disasters in sustainable agriculture and food security of nations. In order to preemptively respond to agricultural droughts, vulnerability assessments were conducted to predict the possibility of drought in the region, the degree of direct or indirect damage, and the ability to cope with the damage. Information on agricultural drought vulnerability status of different regions is extremely useful for implementation of long term drought management measures. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a quantitative approach for measuring agricultural drought vulnerability at sub-district level based on agricultural water and reservoirs. To assess the vulnerability in a quantitative manner and also to deal with different physical and socioeconomic data on the occurrence of agricultural drought, we selected the appropriate factors for the assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability through preceding studies, and analyzed the meteorological and agricultural reservoir data from 2015 to 2018. Each item was weighted using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis and evaluated through the agricultural drought vulnerability estimation. The entire national vulnerability assessments showed that Ganghwa, Naju, and Damyang were the most vulnerable to agricultural droughts. As a result of analyzing spatial expression, Gyeongsang-do is relatively more vulnerable to drought than Gangwon-do and Gyeonggi-do. The results revealed that the methodology and evaluation items achieved good performance in drought response. In addition, vulnerability assessments based on agricultural reservoir are expected to contribute supporting effective drought decisions in the field of agricultural water management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.811-817
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• 2009

The rapid growth of network based IT systems has resulted in continuous research of security issues. Probe intrusion detection is an area of increasing concerns in the internet community. Recently, a number of probe intrusion detection schemes have been proposed based on various technologies. However, the techniques, which have been applied in many systems, are useful only for the existing patterns of probe intrusion. They can not detect new patterns of probe intrusion. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new Probe Intrusion Detection technology that can find new patterns of probe intrusion. In this paper, we proposed a new network based probe intrusion detector(NePID) using anomaly traffic analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps that can detect intrusion by the denial of services attack detection method utilizing the packet analyses. The probe intrusion detection using fuzzy cognitive maps capture and analyze the packet information to detect syn flooding attack. Using the result of the analysis of decision module, which adopts the fuzzy cognitive maps, the decision module measures the degree of risk of denial of service attack and trains the response module to deal with attacks. For the performance evaluation, the "IDS Evaluation Data Set" created by MIT was used. From the simulation we obtained the max-average true positive rate of 97.094% and the max-average false negative rate of 2.936%. The true positive error rate of the NePID is similar to that of Bernhard's true positive error rate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the film 'The Island' on 2nd year nursing students' nursing informatics (NI) competency. The participants were sixty-eight students in a baccalaureate nursing program of a private university, taking the course, 'Nursing & Informatics' in the 2012 fall semester. Over the 15 weeks, the film was used for five weeks as introduction to NI, peer-to-group discussions, and self-reflection on lessons learned regarding NI. A qualitative content analysis was used to explore the students' experiences and perceptions on their NI competency. As a result, students signified the NI concept as the assessment of biometrics data, promotion of optimal health with the support of various technologies, and integration of patient-centered care into routine practice. They also highlighted the importance of security and safety measures as well as high quality health technology including the ubiquitous health monitoring system. Overall, the lesson outcomes of the course were met. As a supportive, instructional strategy, the use of the movie, 'The Island', was effective for nursing students in achieving NI competencies. Further study is warranted to determine if movies can be used as a means of continuing education to improve informatics competences in healthcare professionals.

• Strategy21
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• s.30
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• pp.236-262
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• 2012

Morgenthau claims that in international relations, there are the economic, political, and military powers that enable a nation to achieve its political and diplomatic goals. This paper explores the possibility of resolving international conflicts with naval power. First, the theoretical and historical perspective, naval power was used as a final resort to force a nation's political or diplomatic objective on an enemy nation when negotiations failed, and this was done through the physical and psychological destruction of the enemy by naval power. But as the use of military power has decreased because of the invention of the nuclear weapon, the existence of a large and capable navy deterrent has become one of the most useful military options among a nation's diplomatic measures. In other words, he focused on the political usefulness of naval power as a deterrent and coercive diplomatic tool for persuading other nations to acquiesce, rather than using naval power and actual military action as a final resort. The reason for this is that compared to army and air force, navy's flexibility, continuity, and the ability to deter are greater. The navy provides excellent accessibility through its wide mobility on the sea, and it has been shown through research that the navy possesses a political usefulness that facilitates the solution of conflicts through presence, naval intervention, and naval blockade. On the other hand, among the factors that could improve the influence of the navy are alliance relations, a reliable and powerful navy, carrots and sticks that it would have to deal with in the case of successful or unsuccessful negotiations, and support from international opinion. On this paper I introduce E.N.Luttwak's naval suasion theory. By the his theory, there are two mode of naval suasion. One is latent naval suasion the other is active suasion. Latent suasion there are deterrent mode and supportive mode. Active naval suasion there are coercive mode and supportive mode. Coercive mode has positive and negative. The limitations of naval suasion have been identified as follows. First, because the objective of the use of naval power is persuading enemy nations, the results are unpredictable. Second, the leaders of all countries possess limited understanding on the complexities of naval power and therefore lack understanding of the usefulness of naval power when choosing options. Third, in case of failure through naval suasion, prestige and reputation of a nation can be damaged. Finally, the following are additional possible research topic. First, a research on the decision making process of choosing naval power as a measure to resolve conflicts is needed. Lastly, research on the size of the navy and types of ships required for efficient naval suasion is needed. Today's world requires cooperative security regime so that middle class navy also requires political use of naval power in solving international conflicts. Therefore, additional research on this topic is needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.172-182
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• 2018

This research suggests a solution to the problem of excessive shadow education in Korea as a way to compare the shadow education and income redistribution programs of advanced welfare states. The government has introduced a variety of measures to overcome the problem of excessive shadow education for a long time. However, the trend of increasing shadow education costs has not stopped. The excessive use of shadow education is definitely related to university entrance. But university entrance is not the only concern. In our country, the meaning of university is closely related to the standard of future life. Therefore, participation in shadow education is a reasonable choice by parents or students to ensure a stable future. The belief that the future life can be stabilized when you go to a prestigious university and the reality in the labor market, which reflects this belief, is the essential cause of excessive shadow education. Advanced welfare states such as Sweden and Germany provide hope for our nation. There are shadow education in these countries, too. However, the importance is not so great and its roles are not necessarily directly related to college entrance exams. For the income redistribution programs guarantee the life of all members of society at a certain level. The solution to the problem of excessive shadow education is not the admission system but the improvement of the income security system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.72-85
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to predict sexual violence crimes, which is an routine risk. The study used to the Weight of Evidence on sexual violence crimes that occurred in partly Cheongju-si for five years from 2011 to 2015. The results are as follows. First, application and analysis of the Weight of Evidence that considers the weight of evidence characteristics showed 8 out of total 26 evidences that are used for a sexual violence crimes risk prediction. The evidences were residential area, date of use permission for building, individual housing price, floor area ratio, number of basement floor, lot area, security light and recreational facility; which satisfied credibility in the process of calculating weight. Second, The weight calculated 8 evidences were combined to create the prediction map in the end. The map showed that 16.5% of sexual violence crimes probability occurs in 0.3㎢, which is 3.3% of the map. The area of probability of 34.5% is 1.8㎢, which is 19.0% of the map and the area of probability of 75.5% is 2.0㎢, which is 20.7% of the map. This study derived the probability of occurrence of sexual violence crime risk and environmental factors or conditions that could reduce it. Such results could be used as basic data for devising preemptive measures to minimize sexual violence, such as police activities to prevent crimes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

With the recent strengthening of local autonomy and the recognition of the culture and tourism industry as a driving force for the fourth industrial revolution, the importance of research on the revitalization of the local culture and tourism industry is further emphasized. Thus, in this paper, the concept and type of local culture and tourism products were summarized and the research direction was presented through this. As a research method, the internal and external factors of the culture and tourism industry in Korea were used as the SWOT analysis method. In the text, three representative sites were selected and analyzed for the development of local cultural and tourism products, and Seoul, Jeju Island, and Gyeongju all found that they lacked local cultural and tourism products. It also found another value through its role of cultural development as well as the economic aspect of the development of cultural tourism products. In order to revitalize the local culture and tourism industry, which has become more important, the government proposed measures to promote differentiated creative products, efficient marketing, and legal security in various ways. In order for this study to be better data for researchers in the culture and tourism industry and related industries, research should be conducted with detailed surveys that could not be conducted due to various restrictions in the future.