• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-164
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) intergenerational transmission from mother's internal working model of relationships formed in her childhood and infant's attachment patterns and (2) the associations among maternal working models, maternal sensitivity, and infant attachment patterns. The subjects were twenty 12- to 20-month-old infants and their mothers. The Adult Attachment Interview (1996) was used to assess mother's internal work model of relationships. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Each dyad was videotaped in the modified Ainsworth Strange Situation(1978) and filmed for 3 minutes in the Questionaire Situation of Smith and Pederson (1988). Mothers were classified as autonomous(F), dismissing(Ds), preoccupied(E), or unresolved/disorganized(Ud). Infants were classified as secure(B), insecure-avoidant(A), or insecure-resistant(C). Exact A/B/C/D and Ds/F/E/Ud agreement was observed in 55% of the dyads. Maternal sensitivity was related to infant attachment patterns but not to maternal working models.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.103-114
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• 2008

This study is to find a foundation of building customer's attachment to internet site and understand the structural cause and effect relationship between customer's attachment and trust ; Once being formated attachment to internet-site, become Trust on the internet-site. Empirical study have been carried out by using structural equation model to find those relationship and the result and its implication are following. First, Customer's self-image Congruence have an influence on attachment to internet site and as origin nature, secure attachment is also one of critical foundations of attachment to the site. Second, Customer's activities for community have an effect on the attachment significantly but interaction between customer and the site have tiny effect on love to the site. Third, the love to the site could be one of critical elements to perceive the trust to the site but only interested in the site wouldn't effect on the trust. Except for those elements mentioned above, as a foundation of building the attachment, interaction and self-image congruence have directly effect on the trust.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of healthy attachment formation by examining the effects of dental hygiene students' adult attachment patterns on depression, self-esteem, empathy, and career choice, and to present basic data for career guidance that considers individual characteristics. Students enrolled in the dental hygiene department at a university in Daejeon were the subjects of this study, and data were collected from September 14 to October 14, 2020 through self-reported questionnaires. Frequency analysis, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. As a result of classifying adult attachment styles into three types, out of a total of 158 people, 62 (39.2%) had the avoidant attachment style, 56 (35.4%) had the secure attachment style, and 40 (25.3%) had the anxious-ambivalent attachment style appear. Self-esteem according to attachment type (F=26.224, p<0.0001), empathy (F=3.944, p<0.05), depression (F=12.702, p<0.0001), career indecisiveness (F=4.367, p<0.05). Based on the results of identifying the sub-factors that affect the dental hygiene and adult attachment styles of students with depression, self-esteem, empathy and career choice, this study intends to use them as reference materials for career decision taking into account individual characteristics.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2002

The Pattern of Young Child-Mother Attachment and the Self-Concept in Young Children. This work sheds light on the patterns of chi1dren's attachment to their mother and the self-concept of young children. Ninety-two participants were selected from kindergarten and nurseries in the city of Taegu. All the children were from 3 to 5 clears old. The measurement instruments were the attachment story completion task, created by Cassidy, and the self-concept test, designed and used by Bently and Yeatts. The data was analyzed by using frequencies, percentages, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and the Scheffe test. The study's major findings are as follows: First, in the area of young child-mother attachments, the most common pattern was a secure attachment. The percentage of insecure-avoidant attachment was similar to that of the insecure-ambivalent attachment. Second, in terms of gender, there were no significant differences in self-concept among young children. Third, the self-concept held by young children varied significantly according to age. The younger the age, the more positive was the self-concept. Finally, the self-concept of children varied greatly according to the pattern of child-mother attachment. Those children who were more securely attacked to their mothers evidenced a more positive self-concept than those children who were insecurely attached to their mother.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-36
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• 2016

Objective: Taking note of the fact that North Korean refugee children experience frequent separation from their mothers and long-term maternal deprivation during their childhood, this study examined the relationship between children's separation experiences and attachment. Methods: A total of 37 children aged from 5 to 9 were assessed on their attachment using the Separation Anxiety Test, and their mothers reported on their child's separation experiences. Results and Conclusion: The major findings of this study were as follows: first, the result of evaluating their attachment pattern showed North Korean refugee children had a high level of insecure attachment with a high tendency for avoidant attachment. This avoidant attachment tendency is probably due to growing up in a repressed emotional environment by frequently experiencing maternal separation in North Korea, China, and even after settling down in South Korea. Second, children's secure attachment level was higher if they did not experience separation from their mother, if their mother had a high level of education in South Korea, or if they lived with a big family.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Objectives : Few studies have examined the relation between the attachment styles of the primary caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children. This study was performed to identify the impact of the insecure parental attachment patterns on the development of their higher grades elementary school children's psychiatric manifestations and disorders. Methods : 504 higher elementary pupils and their primary caretakers were included in our study. Relationship Questionnaire, Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, and Korean Child Behavior Checklist were applied to them. Results : The grade-school children of the parents who belonged to preoccupied attachment type revealed higher Withdrawn, Anxious/depressed, Social Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Problems, Aggressive Problems, Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Total Behavioral Problems scores than ones of securely attached parents (p<0.01). Internalizing Problems score of preoccupied parents' children was highest, and one of avoidant and secure typed parents' kids followed in order (p=0.004) . More youngsters revealed Total Behavior Problem score high enough to clinically meaningful level in insecure parental attachment style than in secure one (p=0.038). Higher CDI score in insecure parental group was reported than in secure one (p=0.040). Conclusion : Parental insecure attachment can be associated with the development of the behavioral problems and psychiatric illness of their children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.249-259
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships of maternal attachment, social competence and interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skill. fifty-four children aged 5 and 6 years and their mothers were observed and videotaped in a strange situation. Children were interviewed in order to assess interpersonal cognitive problem solving skill. teachers rated children's social development using modified ISCE(Iowa Social Competency Scale : Preschool Forma). The results showed that there were significant relationships of maternal attachment, social competence and interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skill. children of the secure attachment to mothers were greater social activator, cooperative, alternative solution thought and consequential thought. In contrast, children of insecure attachment to mother were less social activator and cooperative, and more hypersensitive and apprehensive. Children's social competence was related to the interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skill.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2001

In this study of 79 3- and 4-year-old children, behavioral inhibition was assessed by their preschool teachers; mother-child attachment was assessed by the researchers in home visits; and mothers reported on their parenting and their child's emotionality at 6-12 months of age. Findings were that insecure attachment was related to high child's distress reactions to limitations (negative emotionality) in early infancy and to strong maternal rejection/hostility. Higher maternal sensitivity to child's inhibition was related to more secure attachment. Girls were more highly inhibited than boys. Smiling and laughter (positive emotionality) in early infancy was negatively related to child's inhibited behavior. Maternal sensitivity to child inhibition was positively related to child's inhibited behavior. Findings are consistent with Engfer's (1993) theory of gender differences in developmental paths into behavioral inhibition.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.869-893
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of relationships with family on successful aging according to the four attachment style to children. 509 elderly people over 60 years old having a spouse, non-cohabitated children were included. The main findings through this study are as follows; First, secure and preoccupied attachment style were statistically higher than dismissing and fearful attachment style in successful aging and relationship with spouse, children and grandchildren. Second, total paths of research model were different according to the attachment style of the elderly. Model fit of secure attachment style was not good and the effects of relationships with family on successful aging were not statistically significant. In case of preoccupied attachment style, the effect of relationship with spouse and grandchildren on successful aging were significant. Also the effect of relationship with spouse on relationship with children was significant and the effect of relationship with children on relationship with grandchildren was significant. Relationship with grandchildren mediates the effect of relationship with children on successful aging. In case of dismissing attachment style, the effect of relationship with spouse and grandchildren on successful aging were significant. Also the effect of relationship with children on relationship with grandchildren was significant. Relationship with grandchildren mediates the effect of relationship with children on successful aging. In case of fearful attachment style, the effect of relationship with spouse and grandchildren on successful aging were significant. Also the effect of relationship with spouse on relationship with children was significant and the effect of relationship with children on relationship with grandchildren was significant. Relationship with children mediates the effect of relationship with spouse on successful aging. This study explains the role of attachment styles as moderation variable of relationship with family on successful aging and also suggests the importance of marital and grandparents-grandchildren relationship as alternative supporter when the elderly has relational problems with adult children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the adult attachment style characteristics of mothers with selective mutism children and their relations to selective mutism. Methods :The subjects of this study were 15 mothers with selective mutism children who were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria at psychiatry outpatient department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from March 1998 to February 2005. The controls of this study were 30 mothers with normal children who are in the second grade of elementary school in Daegu. We assessed the adult attachment style characteristics of these mothers by Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire-Korean version, self-report attachment style questionnaire. Results : 1) On the self-report attachment style questionnaire, it revealed that mothers with selective mutism children had both of the secure and the dismissing-avoidant types predominantly and the tendency that mothers with selective mutism children more commonly had dismissing-avoidant type than controls did. 2) On the comparison of attachment quality of mothers, although only the anxiety subscale difference was significant, it revealed that mothers with selective mutism children had generally lower score pattern in all of closeness, dependence and anxiety subscale than controls did. It was consistent with the consequence of self-report attachment style questionnaire in this study. Conclusion : This study showed that the distribution of adult attachment style of mothers with selective mutism children was different from those of controls. The dismissing-avoidant attachment style was predominant in mothers with selective mutism children. we suppose the possibility that the dismissing-avoidant attachment style of mothers with selective mutism children has relation with selective mutism.