• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2020

This study examines the status of major corruption in the public and private sectors in Korea. This study adopts the secondary data analysis method, and uses 'The Status of Corruption in Korean Society' released by Ipsos in March 2019. The annual difference analysis is conducted to examine the trend of major corruption, and the results are as follows. First, in the public sector, the number of conspicuous crimes, such as bribery, has decreased, but intelligent crimes that are not easily detected, such as abuse of authority, are increasing. In the private sector, embezzlement was on the decline, but breach of trust remained at a certain level. Second, from 2003 to 2017, the average annual change rate of major corruption in the public sector was 8.0%, while the private sector was 1.8%. Third, the public sector has seen a slight increase in corruption except in 2015, but the private sector has been declining since 2014. This study is different as it makes academic contributions by offering three anti-corruption measures; changing the culture of high power distance, changing the culture of low corruption perception, and abolishing the culture of impunity. Empirical studies using primary data that separate the two groups are required.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.181-203
• /
• 2011

The purposes of this study were to examine the perception of directors and child care providers regarding the Seoul-type Child Care Accreditation and its operating system. The objects were 309 directors and child care providers at accredited Seoul-type child care centers. The collected data was analyzed using frequency, percentiles, and ${\chi}^2$. The results are as follows: First, the majority of directors and child care providers perceived 'the preparation for effective quality control of child-care service' as the primary purpose of the Seoul-type Child Care Accreditation. Many of them responded that the child care centers meeting the purpose of accreditation would be 'private' and 'home-based' ones. Seoul-type Child Care Accreditation was easier to pass compared to National Child Care Accreditation. The directors and child care providers perceived that the accreditation will narrow the gap between public and private child care centers. Second, in operating customized child-care service, most directors preferred 'submits only the same plan as that of a designated one', but most child care providers preferred 'assessment after providing customized child-care'. For the reliable child-care service and accounting management system, both subject groups showed general satisfaction with 'current system'. Third, both subject groups responded that 'overtime pay for child care providers' and 'government's consistent child-care policy' were what they desire most to improve Seoul-type Child Care Accreditation.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.19-41
• /
• 2013

The primary purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors on the acceptance behavior of user in smartwork. For this purpose, a research model and hypotheses are developed based on relevant literature reviews. The data have been collected from 320 potential users and respondents were employee of Daejeon and Chungnam region. The results of hypotheses testing through covariance structural model analysis are summarized as follows. First, individual innovativeness has positive influence upon perceived ease of use and acceptance intention of smartwork, and self efficacy has positive influence upon perceived ease of use. Second, subjective norm of social influence has positive influence upon perceived ease of use and image has positive influence upon perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Third, number of exception of task characteristics has positive influence upon perceived ease of use and autonomy has positive influence upon perceived usefulness. Lastly, perceived ease of use has positive effect on the perceived usefulness and acceptance intention, and perceived usefulness positively related to acceptance intention in smartwork. Based on the findings, this study ends with theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations and future research directions.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.183-205
• /
• 2004

This Study explored three issues in regard to the determinants of community service utilization among family caregivers of the dependent older persons. First, the differences between users and nonusers of community services were compared regarding to predisposing, enabling, need characteristics of the primary caregiver as well as the elder care recipient. Second, the variables which determined the contact of community services were examined. Third, the influence of the variables on duration of the community services among users was also examined. The data collected from 164 family caregivers were used for analyses. Findings suggest that community service users had higher education and higher emotional support, lower family income than nonusers. The level of cognitive impairment of the elder was also higher for users than nonusers. The entry into community services is more likely for elders cared for by caregivers who have higher educational attainment, lower family income and lower level of instrumental support. Once interaction terms for relationship between need factors and social support are entered, caregivers with poorer level of his/her perceived physical health and lower level of instrumental support are more likely to report use of community services. Among those reporting contact with services, more extensive use occurs for caregivers with lower emotional support and lower depression. The entry of interaction terms for relationship between need and support reveals that the combination of lower support(instrumental and emotional) and elder's greater physical impairment are associated with longer period of community service use. However, the effect of caregivers' depression followed the different pattern. For caregivers with greater depression, more supports are related with more service utilization. According to the results, implications for research and practice are discussed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.550-556
• /
• 2005

Tooth impaction is defined as a cessation of the eruption of a tooth at the level of the oral mucosa or alveolar bone by any causes. Any tooth in the dental arch can be impacted, but the teeth frequently involved in a descending order are the mandibular and maxillary third molars, the maxillary canines, the mandibular and maxillary second premolars, and the maxillary central incisors. In these teeth, impaction of maxillary incisor occurs in about 0.1-0.5% and major causes are trauma, supernumerary teeth and periapical inflammation of primary maxillary incisor. Delayed eruption of a maxillary central incisor results in midline shift, the space's being occupied by an adjacent tooth and different levels of alveolar height. Treatment options are observation, surgical intervention, surgical exposure and orthodontic traction, transplantation and extraction. These cases were about the patients with delayed eruption of maxillary central incisor. We surgically exposed impacted tooth and guided it into normal position by the orthodontic traction. At the completion of traction, the maxillary central incisor was positoned fairly within the arch and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.32 no.10
• /
• pp.1567-1579
• /
• 2012

This study carried a survey to investigate teacher's cognition on preference and actuality about science laboratory and class environment targeting 262 science teachers. The results of this study are as follow: First, the actuality cognition of science teachers on science laboratory and class environment was lower than preference (p<.05). Second, there were no differences between preference and actuality regardless of gender (p<.05). However, the cognition on all of subordinates of preference appeared higher in females than males (p<.05). Third, at all levels of schools, preference is higher than actuality for science laboratory and teaching environment (p<.05). In case of preference, all of the subordinates indicated the difference between elementary and high school teachers (p<.05). On the other hand, in actuality there was a difference between elementary and middle school teachers in 'science laboratory facilities condition' domain only (p<.05). Fourth, the preference was higher than actuality in all school locations (p<.05). And in case of preference, there was no difference in all subordinates regardless of school sites. Whereas the cognition of small-medium city teachers was lower than metropolitan in actuality on the three domains of 'science laboratory facilities condition,' 'teaching condition and service support,' and 'staff policy and practice' (p<.05). As a result, this study informs that upgrading is necessary to achieve inquiry activity in science class in overall teaching environment including science classroom and laboratory.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.315-323
• /
• 1994

Mammalian oviductal epithelial cells have been known to improve in vitro fertilization and embryonic development. Recently, co-cultured human embryos with the epithelial cells in human genital tract has been reported to improve the pregnancy rate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the epithelial cells of human genital tract on the development of mouse early embryos and human fertilized oocytes. The epithelial cells of human genital tract were collected from the fallopian tubes which were obtained during hysterectomy in fertile women and from the endometrium during endometrium biopsy. Collected human ampullary cells(HACs) and endometrial cells(HECs) were cultured for 10 days to establish primary monolayer. Second passaged HACs and HECs were obtained by trypsinization were cryopreserved in PBS with 1.5 M DMSO for later use. To investigate the effect when co-cultured with HACs and HECs, we tried to apply strict quality control on mouse embryo, from two cell to blastocyst prior to human trial. The results of quality control were as follows; In Group I (Ham's F10 with 10% FCS), Group IT (co-cultured with HACs) and Group ill (co-cultured with HECs), developmental rates to blastocyst were 63.3%(253/400), 76.0%(304/ 400),74.0%(296/400), respectively. Hatching rates were 36.8%(147/400), 41.80/0(167/400), 38.0%(152/400), respectively(p<0.05). To perform the human IVF, cryopreserved HACs were thawed at 37$^{\circ}C$ waterbath, seeded on the well dish and cultured for 48 hI'S. The pronuclear stage embryos were transferred to the seeded well dish. After 24 hRS, co-cultured embryos were examined and transferred to patient's uterus. The results of human IVF when co-cultured with HACs were that fertilization and developmental rates were 61.8% (256/414), 95.3% (244/256) as compared with 57.2% (279/488) and 94.6%(264/279) in Ham's F10 supplemented with 10% FCS(control). However, 62.9% (161/256) of co-cultured human embryos showed good embryos(no or slight fragmentation) as compared with 53.8 % (150/279) in control(p < 0.05). Pregnancy rate was 40.0% (12/30) when co-cultured with HACs whereas 30.6%(11/36) in control. In conclusions, co-culture system using HACs and HECs improved the developmental and hatching rates of mouse embryo. Also, in human IVF system when co-cultured with HACs, it improved both the quality of human embryos and the pregnancy rate.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.39 no.2 s.163
• /
• pp.161-178
• /
• 2006

Heathcote (1998) identified a systematic, seven-step approach to general watershed planning and management. It consists of 1) understanding watershed components and processes, 2) identifying and ranking problems to be solved, 3) setting clear and specific goals, 4) developing a list of management options, 5) eliminating infeasible options 6) testing the effectiveness of remaining feasible options, and 7) developing the final options. In this study the first five steps of that process were applied to the Anyangcheon watershed in Korea, which experiences streamflow depletion, frequent flood damages, and poor water quality typical of highly urbanized watersheds. This study employed four indices: Potential Flood Damage(PFD), Potential Streamflow Depletion(PSD), Potential Water Quality Deterioration(PWQD) and Watershed Evaluation Index(WEI) to identify and quantify problems within the watershed. WEI is the integration index of the others. Composite programming which is a method of multi-criteria decision making is applied for the calculation of PSD, PWQD and WEI (Step 2). The primary goal of the study is to secure instreamflow in the Anyangcheon during dry seasons. The second management goals of flood damage mitigation and water quality enhancement are also set (Step 3). Management options include not only structural measures that can alter the existing conditions, but also nonstructural measures that rely on changes in human behavior or management practices (Step 4). Certain management options which are not technically, economically, and environmentally feasible, are eliminated (Step S). Therefore, this study addresses a Pre-feasibility study, which established a master plan using Steps 1 through 5.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.285-301
• /
• 2013

The purpose of the study is to analyze the 4th graders' visual representation in mathematics problem solving process and to find out how to teach the visual representation in mathematics problem solving process. on the basis of the results, this study gives several pedagogical implication related to the mathematics problem solving. The following were the conclusions drawn from the results obtained in this study. First, The achievement level of students and using visual representation in the mathematics problem solving are closely connected. High achieving students used visual representation in the mathematics problem solving process more frequently. Second, high achieving students realize the usefulness of visual representation in the mathematics problem solving process and use visual representation to solve mathematical problem. But low achieving students have no conception that visual representation is one of the method to solve mathematical problem. Third, students tend to especially focus on 'setting up an equation' when they solve a mathematical problem. Because they mostly experienced mathematical problems presented by the type of 'word problem-equation-answer'. Fourth even through students tried visual representation to solve a mathematical problem, they could not solve the problem successfully in numerous instances. Because students who face a difficulty in solving a problem try to construct perfect drawing immediately. But generating visual representation 2)to represent mathematical problem cannot be constructed at one swoop.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship of empowerment and organization attachment with the organization culture of security organization. This study is based by setting the security organization employed in security firms in the capital area(Seoul) in 2012 as the parent population and using the purposive sampling method to analyze a total amount of 280 examples. The frequency analysis, analysis on primary factors, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis methods using SPSSWIN 18.0 were used in analysis. The reliability of the survey showed a Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value of over 0.690. The results are like the following. First, the organization culture of security organization affect empowerment. Thus, the more a practical development culture is settled, the more the capability of self-determinism, meaningfulness, and effect is amplified. Moreover, the more a consensual culture is established, the more the capability of self-determinism is enhanced, and the more a hierarchical culture is established, the more the meaningfulness is enhanced. Second, the organization culture of security organization affect organization attachment. Thus, the continuous normative attachment is enhanced when a more hierarchical culture is established. Moreover, emotional attachment is enhanced when a more practical development culture is established. Third, the empowerment of security organization affects organization attachment. Thus, the continuous normative attachment is decreased when one's capability of self-determinism is more lacking. However, the continuous normative attachment is higher when the meaningfulness and effect is enhanced. Moreover, emotional attachment is enhanced when meaningfulness is increased. Fourth, the organization culture of security organization directly/indirectly affects empowerment and organization attachment. Thus, empowerment is an important mediating factor between organization culture and organization attachment.