DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Corruption in Korean Organizations: Prevention Measures from Cultural Perspectives

한국 조직의 부패: 문화적 관점에서의 예방책

  • Jun, In-Woo (Department of Business Administration, Wonkwang University)
  • Received : 2020.04.17
  • Accepted : 2020.07.20
  • Published : 2020.07.28

Abstract

This study examines the status of major corruption in the public and private sectors in Korea. This study adopts the secondary data analysis method, and uses 'The Status of Corruption in Korean Society' released by Ipsos in March 2019. The annual difference analysis is conducted to examine the trend of major corruption, and the results are as follows. First, in the public sector, the number of conspicuous crimes, such as bribery, has decreased, but intelligent crimes that are not easily detected, such as abuse of authority, are increasing. In the private sector, embezzlement was on the decline, but breach of trust remained at a certain level. Second, from 2003 to 2017, the average annual change rate of major corruption in the public sector was 8.0%, while the private sector was 1.8%. Third, the public sector has seen a slight increase in corruption except in 2015, but the private sector has been declining since 2014. This study is different as it makes academic contributions by offering three anti-corruption measures; changing the culture of high power distance, changing the culture of low corruption perception, and abolishing the culture of impunity. Empirical studies using primary data that separate the two groups are required.

본 연구는 한국의 공공부문 및 민간부문 주요 부패 현황을 살펴보았다. 연구방법은 2차 자료 분석 방법을 채택하였으며, 분석 자료는 입소스(Ipsos)에서 2019년 3월 발표한 '한국사회 부패현황'을 사용하였다. 두 집단의 주요 부패 추이를 살펴보기 위해 연도별 차이분석을 실시하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공공 부문에서는 뇌물과 같이 눈에 띄는 범죄의 수는 감소하지만, 직권남용처럼 쉽게 감지되지 않는 지능적 범죄는 증가하고 있었다. 민간부문에서는 횡령은 점점 감소하고 있었지만, 업무상 배임은 일정 수준을 유지하고 있었다. 둘째, 2003년부터 2017년까지 공공부문의 주요 부패 연간증감률 평균은 8.0%인데 반해, 민간부문은 1.8%로 나타났다. 셋째, 공공부문은 2015년을 제외하고 부패가 조금씩 증가하고 있지만, 민간부문은 2014년 이후 점차 감소하고 있었다. 본 연구는 높은 권력간격 문화의 개선, 낮은 부패인식 문화의 개선, 무처벌 문화의 폐지와 같은 문화적 측면을 고려한 세 가지 예방조치를 제시함으로써 학술적 기여도와 차별성이 있다. 향후 1차 자료를 통한 실증연구나 두 집단을 분리한 개별적 연구가 요구되어진다.

Keywords

References

  1. I. W. Jun & C. Rowley. (2014). Change and continuity in management systems and corporate performance: human resource management, corporate culture, risk management and corporate strategy in South Korea. Business History, 56(3), 485-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2013.809522
  2. I. W. Jun & C. Rowley. (2019). Organizational culture and the tolerance of corruption: the case of South Korea. Asia Pacific Business Review, 25(4), 534-553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1589728
  3. I. G. Oh. (2017). From credible threats to credible commitments? the changing face of South Korean corruption. In the changing face of corruption in the Asia Pacific, edited by M. dela Rama & C. Rowley. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  4. Transparency International (2018). Corruption preception index in 2018. https://www.transparency.org/cpi2018
  5. G. Caiden. (2001). Corruption and governance. In where corruption lives, edited by G. Caiden, O. Dwivedi & J. Jabbra. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press.
  6. P. Langseth. (2006). Measuring corruption. In measuring corruption, edited by C. Sampford, A. Shacklock, C. Connors & F. Galtung. Farnham: Ashgate.
  7. B. W. Husted. (1994). Honor among thieves: a transaction cost interpretation of corruption in third world countries. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857556
  8. A. Lindgreen. (2004). Corruption and unethical behavior: report on a set of Danish guidelines. Journal of Business Ethics, 51(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000032388.68389.60
  9. A. Argandona. (2005). Corruption and companies: the use of facilitating payments. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(3), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0133-4
  10. M. dela Rama. (2012). Corporate governance and corruption: ethical dilemmas of Asian business groups. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 501-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1142-0
  11. Transparency International (2019), How do you define corruption?
  12. C. C. Aktan. (2015). Political corruption: an introductory study on terminology and typology. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity Studies, 7(1), 47-66.
  13. Y. Luo. (2005). An organizational perspective of corruption. Management and Organization Review, 1(1), 119-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2004.00006.x
  14. S. Rose-Ackerman. (1997). The role of the world Bank in controlling corruption. Law and Policy in International Business, 29, 93-114.
  15. J. Gutmann & V. Lucas. (2018). Private-sector corruption: measurement and cultural origins. Social Indicators Research, 138(2), 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1684-3
  16. S. H. Kim. (2014). Insider trading as private corruption, UCLA Law Review, 61, 928-1008.
  17. M. A. Sartor & P. W. Beamish. (2019). Private-sector corruption, public-sector corruption and the organizational structure of foreign subsidiaries. Journal of Business Ethics, published online April 4, 2019, 1-20. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04148-1
  18. C. D. Beugre. (2010). Resistance to socialization into organizational corruption: a model of deontic Justice. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 533-541. DOI: 10.1007/s10869-010-9176-3
  19. B. E. Ashforth & V. Anand. (2003). The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-3085(03)25001-2
  20. D. Kimemia. (2013). Organizational culture and corruption: a multiple case study of non-governmental organizations in Kenya. Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
  21. V. Anand, B. E. Ashforth & M. Joshi. (2004). Business as usual: the acceptance and perpetuation of corruption in organizations. Academy of Management Executives, 18(2), 39-53.
  22. A. Bryman. (2004). Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  23. J. T. Hwang & K. C. Kim. (2016). The structure, mechanism, and trends of corruption in Korea. Seoul: Korean Institute of Criminology.
  24. H. M. Park. (2019). Crime phenomenon and criminal policy in Korea. Seoul : Korean Institute of Criminology.
  25. B. W. Husted. (1999). Wealth, culture and corruption. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(2), 339-359. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490073
  26. J. H. Davis & J. Ruhe. (2003). Perceptions of country corruptions: antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(4), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023038901080
  27. H. Park. (2003). Determinants of corruption: a cross-cultural analysis. The Multinational Business Review, 11(2), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200300010
  28. S. E. Kahal. (2005). Business in Asia Pacific: text and cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  29. G. Hofstede. (1984). Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1(2), 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733682
  30. K. H. Chung, H. C. Lee & K. H. Jung. (1997). Korean management: global strategy and cultural transformation. Berlin and New York: Walterde Gruyter.
  31. H. S. Lee & S. H. Lee. (2017). Study on organizational performance : focused on public institutions. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(3), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.3.47
  32. M. N. Cho & D. H. Lee. (2016). The impact of CEO's values system and employee's awareness, sympathy on organizational performance. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14(12), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2016.14.12.95
  33. B. Howe. (2018). Human-centered challenges to Korea democracy. In the quality of democracy in Korea, edited by H. B. Mosler, E. J. Lee & and H. J. Kim. Palgrave Macmillan.
  34. S. W. Yoo. (2019). A study on the relationship between corporate social responsibility, trust, distrust and reputation. Journal of Digital Convergence, 17(3), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2019.17.3.093
  35. A. R. Choi & J. H. Koo. (2017). A study on factors affecting foreign direct investment in Korea: focused on Hofstede's culture dimensions and CPI. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(6), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.6.1
  36. US Department of State (2020). 2019 Country reports on human rights practices: Republic of Korea. https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/south-korea/