• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2022

It can be seen that Traditional house of Jeong Si-yeong is located in a place where Saenggi(good energy), which is important in Pungsu(Feng Shui), can be gathered and that energy can be properly maintained. According to the theory of feng shui, a place that is not easily exposed by the surrounding mountains and is well protected by the strong wind was selected, and the main room was placed on the south side so that the sunlight was adequate while facing the north, so that you can live a comfortable life for a long time. Located on such a relatively well-hidden site, it is a location that can cope well with the invasion of Japanese invaders through the sea in the past, and even today, it is seen as a reasonable base that can be properly protected from strong sea winds in reality. On the other hand, if we look at the Hyungguk theory, it was a house built in the late Joseon Dynasty, and we could see the hidden hopes of the nobles at the time. The mountain behind the house is a haebok-type with a crab lying on the seashore, and what the crab symbolizes is the past national exam for official. Considering that the name of the place where the house is located is also Oyat(cucumber tree)-ri, where many cucumber trees closely related to the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty were planted, it seems that the family wished for prosperity by producing many Sadaebu(upper class gentry) in the past and forming a good relationship with the royal family.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Phyllospadix japonica Makino is a perennial plant belonging to the family Zosteraceae. This species is native to the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and it is found attached to rocks on the seashore. As with all seagrass species, P. japonica is also known to play a major role in protecting the marine environment, and studies on its physiological activities suggestive of its antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potentials have been reported. In this study, purification and structural analysis were performed to identify the polyphenol substances derived from P. japonica. METHODS AND RESULTS: An polyphenol substance MP-1 was purified from the 70% aqueous methanol extract of P. japonica using Diaion® HP-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The purified MP-1 was identified as rosmarinic acid having a molecular weight of 360 and a molecular formula of C18H16O8 through electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. CONCLUSION(S): This study highlights the processes used for the identification of the polyphenol substance derived from P. japonica. Rosmarinic acid, the polyphenol derived from P. japonica identified by this study, is a kind of bioactive substance mainly present in plants. These findings provide an important starting point and are valuable for future studies on bioactive substances in seagrass.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 2019

The physical and chemical characteristics of more than 5 m sandy deposits behind the beach in Sinji-do Island are investigated and its burial ages are estimated using Optically Stimulated Luminescence. By the estimated burial ages of the sandy deposits, this section is divided into four sub-units: Unit I (6.2 ka), Unit II (23.2 ka), Unit III (115.9 ka), and Unit IV (115.9 to 127.5 ka). It can be proposed that the Unit I of a coarse sand deposited during the Holocene Climatic Optimum. Unit II, supposed to be the aeolian sediments, formed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It can be supposed that the study area was not affected by the marine processes during the LGM, directly. Unit III is more consolidated deposits of coarse silt to fine sand and deposited during the Last Interglacial Period. Unit IV mainly consist of beach gravels with sandy matrix deposited during the Marine Isotope Stage 5e (MIS 5e), and thus indicates that the sea level of the southwest sea had risen 3 to 5 m above present sea level during the MIS 5e.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2005

In this study, we analysed the state of the fisheries in Chungnam around 1910 from Hangook Susanji. As a result, there were about 30 ports in the west coast area in Chungnam, and we can classify their locations into 5 types Type I is located in small and mid sized rivers. Type II is located in a costal port. Type III is ports facing the open sea, and type IV is ports in a bay. Type V is ports on islands of coast. Species of fish are porges, mackerels, sting rays, croakers, hairtails, shrimps, etc. The base of fishing porge was Jukdo and Yeondo. The fishing banks of croakers are formed from Chilsantan, Jeonlado to the area of seashore, Chungnam. Hairtails were caught near all the areas of seashore. Salt manufacturing is done near all coasts of Chungnam, Seocheon-bay, Ungcheon-bay, Ocheon-bay, Anmyeon island, Taean, Dangjin area, etc represent this work. Especially, the salt which was produced in Taeangun was so famous that it was called ' Taeansalt'. In the Kum-river area there were 32 fishing villages. Freshwater fish were caught in the upper stream area and the mouth of Geumgang, down stream, was the center for producing Baengeo. There were 23 fishing villages, and the species consisted of croaker, hairtail, Forge, gray mullet, sting ray, sharks, anchovy, shrimps, etc in Biin-bay. The coast of Boryeong had about 33 fishing villages, but their fishing industry was not developed more than their good salt manufacturing. Though there are records that Chunsu-bay had 28 fishing villages, Taean peninsula and Garolim-bay had about 70 fishing villages, and Asan-bay area had about 55 fishing villages, they were developed a little, but not more than Weir fisheries or salt manufacture on the base of salt area and the tideland because these areas were just for farming. South of Anmyeon island of West coast island areas is the biggest area of Stow nets on stakes fishing and the island areas down mouth of Kum river were centers for producing porge.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.654-667
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• 2012

To know the effect of construction works at the Busan New Port on the activity of otters, changes in the distribution of spraints were investigated at 5 areas(I-V) composed of 16 locations in 12 islands from 2003 to 2011. There were significant differences among the density of spraints at each area(P=0.0502), at each year(P=0.0040) and at each area during the study period(P=0.0005). The densities of spraints in the areas II (P=0.000) and IV (P=0.012) were significantly different according to whether the construction work was carried out or not at each area. It was found that the density of spraints in each area was affected by the disturbance with construction works or other factors inside and/or outside the area. The average density of spraints of the 5 areas had changed according to the process of the construction works as follows. In 2003-2005 when the construction work was proceeded mainly at the area IV, the average density of spraints of the 5 areas as well as the density in the area II increased annually, whereas the densities in the other 4 areas were low and relatively constant. This fact suggests that otters might have moved into the area II from outside the study area. In 2006-2009 when the construction works were carried out on a larger scale at the areas I, II and III, there was a little decrease in the average density of spraints during the latter two years, suggesting a little decrease in the activity of otters in the study area. As regards the density of spraints at each area, it decreased considerably in the area II, but increased fairly in the areas III and IV. Accordingly it was indicated that otters in the area II where the construction work was carried out since 2006 might have moved into the area IV with no work, and otters inhabiting the Jeodo, Geoje city, where the construction work was carried out at that time, might have moved into the area III with no work at the sea shore. In 2010-2011 when the construction works were conducted at all the areas on a fairly large scale, the average density of spraints of the 5 areas as well as the densities in the areas II, III and IV, decreased considerably compared to the those in the year 2009. This fact clearly indicates that the number of otters decreased owing to the multiple simultaneous works in this period. In conclusion, otters must be affected by the construction works at the study area, and their numbers might be decreased mainly due to the multiple simultaneous works, as well as by the long-term works resulting in the decrease of seashore, marine pollution, and reducing prey available.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.691-706
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• 2008

This study analysed problems of railroadside buffer green space and suggested planting methods according to space function and planting concept in seashore reclaimed land, Ansan city. Planting density of railroadside buffer green zone of Ansan city was $0.04{\sim}0.17tree/m^2$, GVZ was $0.15{\sim}1.65m^3/m^2$ which is represented of deficiency of buffer function. In addition, soil hardness of mounded buffer green zone was $2.72{\sim}15kg/cm^2$. It was examined to have functions in terms of habitat for wildbirds and other organisms, surrounding landuse, urban greens, seasonality, landscape for function improvement of buffer green space. Functions of buffer green space were re-established as habitat for organism, buffer and landscape improvement, landscape and urban park, buffer zone and habitat. It was suggested to select Pinus thunbergii as a dominated species of planting method for buffer function and planting density in canopy and under-canopy layer was $0.4tree/m^2$, $0.5/m^2$ in shrub layer. In terms of landscape improvement function, Zelkova serrata, Prunus sargentii and Prunus armeniaca were selected as major species and it in canopy and under-canopy layer was $0.2tree/m^2$ and $0.5tree/m^2$ in shrub layer. In terms of habitat function Quercus acutissima, Prunus sargentii and Sorbus alnifolia were as major species and it in canopy layer was $0.06tree/m^2$, $0.1tree/m^2$ in under canopy layer, $0.8tree/m^2$ in shrub layer.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

A three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) survey has been carried out to delineate subsurface structures and possible fractures, for development of low-temperature geothermal resources in Pohang, Korea. Quite good quality MT data could be obtained throughout the survey region by locating the remote reference in Kyushu, Japan, which is ${\sim}480\;km$ from the centre of the field site. 3D modelling and inversion are performed taking into account the sea effect in MT measurements near the seashore. The nearby sea in the Pohang area affects MT data at frequencies below $1\;Hz{\sim}0.2\;Hz$, depending on the distance from the seashore. The most severe sea effects were observed in the south-east parts of the survey area, closer to Youngil Bay. 3D inversion with and without the seawater constraint showed very similar results at shallow depths, roughly down to 2 km. At greater depths, however, a strong sea effect seems to form a fictitious conductive structure in ordinary 3D inversion, especially in the south-eastern part of the survey region. Comparison between drilling results and the resistivity profiles from inversions showed that five layered structures can be distinguished the subsurface beneath the target area. They are: (a) semi-consolidated mudstones with resistivity less than $10\;{\Omega}m$, which are ${\sim}300\;m$ thick in the northern part and ${\sim}600\;m$ thick in the southern part of the survey area; (b) occasional occurrence of trachybasalt and lapilli tuff within the mudstone layer has resistivity of a few tens of${\Omega}m$, (c) intrusive rhyolite ${\sim}400\;m$ thick has resistivity of several hundreds of ${\Omega}m$, (d) alternating sandstone and mudstone down to 1.5 km depth shows resistivity of ${\sim}100\;{\Omega}m$, (e) a conductive structure was found at a depth of ${\sim}3\;km$, but more geological and geophysical study should be carried out to identify this structure.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

The marine seismic prospecting using a research vessel in the shallow sea near the coastal area has certain limits according to the water depth and survey environment. Also, for the electrical resistivity survey at seashore area, one may need a specially designed high-voltage source to penetrate the very conductive surface layer. Therefore, we have conducted a feasibility study on the application of magnetotelluric method (MT), a passive geophysical method, on investigating of shallow marine environment geology. Our study involves both theoretical modeling and field survey at the tidal flat area which represent the very shallow marine environment. We have applied the audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) method to the intertidal deposits of Gunhung Bay, west coast of Korea, and analysed the field data both qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate the morphology and sedimentary stratigraphy of the tidal flat. The inversion of AMT data well reveals the upper sedimentary layer of Holocene intertidal sediments having a range of 13-20 m thickness and the erosional patterns at the unconformable contact boundary. However, the AMT inversion results tend to overestimate the depth of basement (30-50 m) when compared with the seismic section (27-33 m). Since MT responses are not significantly sensitive to the resistivity of middle layer or the depth of basement, the AMT inversion result for basement may have to be adjusted using the comparison with other geophysical information like seismic section or logging data if possible. But, the AMT method can be an effective alternative choice for investigating the seashore area to get important basic informations such as the depositional environment of the tidal flat, sea-water intrusion and the basement structure near the sea shore.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.540-559
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the locations and to interpret the landscapes of the local towns in Joseon Dynasty from Feng-shui's point of view. As a result of analysing the locations of towns in Gyeongsang Province, the towns which have typical Feng-shui landscapes make up to 58% of the total. Historically, the local towns that were established in the early period of the Joseon Dynasty didn't reveal Feng-shui's landscape, but those that were established in the late period of the Joseon Dynasty revealed the Feng-shui's landscape clearly. In this article, I classify the local towns of the Gyeongsang Province into 3 types: 1. Non Feng-shui type These towns are located near the seashore. The main reason that these towns were located at the seashore was defense against an enemy. 2. Semi Feng-shui type. These towns don't have natural location but have a man-made landscape, based on the principles of Feng-shui. 3. Typical Feng-shui type. These towns were typically administrational towns which were located at the center of a local region.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental caries prevalence and occlusion pattern of children with deciduous dentition in Chonnam seashore area. Two thousand two hundred seventy two kindergarten children ranged 3 to 5 years of age were examined. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmf rate) in deciduous teeth was 66.8% at 3 years of age, 77.7% at 4 years of age, and 83.5% at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 2. The mean number of decayed, missing, filled deciduous teeth(dmft index) was 3.62 at 3 years of age, 4.73 at 4 years of age, and 5.96 at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 3. Most of the caries-prevailed tooth was mandibular 2nd primary molar and showed 39.48% at 3 years of age, 49.73% at 4 years of age, and 63.85% at 5 years of age. 4. The caries-experienced teeth in order were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar with 52.34%, mandibular 1st primary molar with 45.61%, maxillary 2nd primary molar with 38.81%, and maxillary primary central incisor with 38.86%, respectively. 5. In sagittal primary molar relationship, Class 1 occlusion pattern was 53.26%, Class 2 pattern was 1.41% and Class 3 pattern was 30.02%, respectively. Right Class 2 and Left Class 3 pattern was not observed.