• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 2019

We investigated the sanitary characteristics of Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma roe as a raw material based on the standards of several countries. The standards for raw materials of Alaska pollock roe for lead, total mercury, $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, and $^{131}I$ were those of the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Clostridium botulinum, methyl mercury, $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, $^{131}I$, $^{239}Pu$, and $^{90}Sr$ were those of the United States Food and Drug Administration; lead, methyl mercury, inorganic arsenic, chrome, $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, and $^{131}I$ were those of the Ministry of Agriculture of China; nitrite ion, $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, $^{239}Pu$, and $^{235}U$ were those of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan; $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, $^{131}I$, $^{239}Pu$, and $^{90}Sr$ were those of Codex; and $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, $^{131}I$, $^{239}Pu$, $^{241}Am$, and $^{90}Sr$ were those of the European Food Safety Authority. The results for the global standard items other than C. botulinum (lead, total mercury, methyl mercury, inorganic arsenic, chrome, $^{134}Cs+^{137}Cs$, and $^{131}I$, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp.) suggest that Alaska pollock roe is safe for use as a raw material.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.574-580
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• 2020

In this study we sought to determine the food fraud by discriminating species of commercial seafood product such as Larimichthys polyactis, Larimichthys crocea, Pennahia argentatus, and Miichthys miiuy, which are difficult to morphologically discriminate. After amplifying the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of the reference fish, the DNA sequences of the amplified PCR products were analyzed. As a result, a 655 bp sequence for species identification was selected for use as DNA barcodes. To confirm the DNA data and primer set, the DNA barcode sequence of each fish was compared to that in that in the NCBI. All of the DNA barcode data were matched with the gene sequence of each fish in the NCBI. A total of 32 processed seafood products (8 L. polyactis, 12 L. crocea, 3 Pennahia argentatus, and 9 Miichthys miiuy) were investigated. Homology of 97% or more in DNA sequences was judged as the same species. As a result of the monitoring, there were no discovered cases of forgery or alteration. However, the use of a raw material name having no matching standard name in the Korea Food Code may cause consumer confusion. Therefore, it is suggested that the standard name or scientific name be co-labeled with the raw material name on seafood products to prevent consumer confusion.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.297-304
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• 2023

Domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin produced naturally by diatoms, is responsible for incidents of amnesic shellfish poisoning. In this study, a modified analytical method was established to determine domoic acid in seafood using solid phase extraction cleanup and optimizing the amount of sample and extraction solvent to reduce interference effects. The modified method using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection was validated using three seafood matrices (mussel, red snow crab, and anchovy) at three concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and compared to the Food Code method. Compared to the Food Code method, the modified method showed better performance in terms of linearity (R²>0.999), detection limit (0.02-0.03 mg/kg), quantification limit (0.05-0.09 mg/kg), intra-/inter-day accuracy (86.2-100.4%), and intra-/inter-day precision (0.2-4.0%). Furthermore, the method was successfully applied for the analysis of 87 seafood samples marketed in Korea, and DA was detected at a low concentration of 140 ㎍/kg in one anchovy sample. These results suggest that the modified method can be used for routine determination of DA in seafood.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

The micro-Kjeldahl method, a common technique for analyzing crude proteins, is time-consuming and dangerous due to the employment of reagents such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. However, a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrophotometer analysis can be completed in under a minute after simple pre-processing if data has been gathered using sufficient reference material in advance. Furthermore, the use of safe reagents in this technique ensures the safety of the experimenter and the environment. In addition, a portable FT-NIR spectrophotometer enables real-time measurement at processing or distribution sites and has recently gained popularity. The standard errors of calibration and regression (r²) for the calibration result for estimating the crude protein content of dried laver were 0.9775 and 1.2526, respectively. The standard error of prediction was 1.1814, and the r² was 0.9303 in the validation results, which was a good level. In the present study, a method for predicting the crude protein content of dried laver using an FT-NIR spectrophotometer in the range of 29%-40% crude protein content has been reported.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess bacteriological hazards in the following 7 kinds of minimally processed shellfish products purchased from Korean seafood retail outlets: raw oysters stored with seawater in polyethylene bags, frozen oysters, raw mussels, frozen mussels, boiled mussels, raw short-necked clam, and frozen short-necked clams, obtained from Korean seafood retail outlets. The total coliform and Escherichia coli counts determined in all samples were detected below regulation limit of the Korean government guidelines (Food Code). In addition, the high-risk bacterial pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in any samples. Low-risk pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected at levels above $1.0{\times}10^2$ colony forming unit (CFU)/g in some minimally processed shellfish products. Notably, S. aureus was detected in all samples. Raw oysters stored with seawater in polyethylene bags, frozen oysters, and boiled blue mussels are commonly ingested without heating, and therefore these minimally processed shellfish products pose bacteriological hazards. The detection of S. aureus in all shellfish products, an organism indicative of poor personal hygiene, which can grow and multiply during distribution, indicates the necessity of improving the food safety of minimally processed shellfish products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1766-1773
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to scrutinize dieticians' perspective of seafood ingredients prices in school food-service. Suppliers' contract status, seafood ingredient usage and satisfaction, expectations regarding prices of seafood ingredients, and willingness to pay when HACCP is taken into account were studied. Through random sampling, the survey was conducted on 231 dieticians in 11 different educational districts and 12 elementary, six middle, and three high schools. Ultimately, 142 survey responses were taken into account. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v15.0 by descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test. For contracts regarding seafood ingredients, competitive contracts composed 79.7%. Exactly 42.1% responded that contracts were breached, and 60.1% testified that product returns were due to excessive glazing of ingredients. The satisfaction rate of 'hygiene & sanitation of product' was the highest, whereas 'price of product' was the lowest. For 'recontracting intention', 'informal purchasing' showed higher rates compared to 'competitive bidding'. Reflecting upon the six main price factors, 'designation and maintenance of HACCP', 'price of raw seafood ingredients', 'processing costs', 'margin', 'logistic costs', and 'cost of standardizing seafood ingredients', dieticians' perceived 'impact on the anticipated price' on total cost was lower than present counterparts. This implicates that 'impact on the present price' of the six price factors is too excessive, suggesting that many dieticians are unsatisfied with the current prices of seafood ingredients. Furthermore, 52.8% of dieticians stated that the maximum additional payment of HACCP seafood ingredients should be less than 5%. Consequently, this research serves as basic information for reasonable pricing of seafood ingredients and contributes to increased seafood usage by school food-services.

• Safe Food
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.30-36
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• 2012

• Safe Food
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007

• Safe Food
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

• Safe Food
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2013