• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (SDWE) on lipid levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities on rats fed a high fat diet for 6 weeks. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (4-weeks-old) were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet and deionized water (ND), normal diet and Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (NDS), high fat diet and deionized water (HFD), high fat diet and Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (HFDS). The food intakes were significantly lower, but the food efficiency ratios were significantly higher in the high fat diet groups than those in other groups. The level of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in plasma were significantly higher and AI (atherogenic index) in HFDS group was significantly lower than that in HFD group. The level of triglyceride in plasma was significantly decreased in SDWE groups. The triglyceride of liver was significantly increased in the high fat diet groups and the total cholesterol of liver in the HFDS group was significantly lower than that in the HFD group. The plasma and liver concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the NDS group were significantly lower than those in the ND group. The total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma was significantly increased in the HFDS group compared to the HFD group. The activities of SOD, catalase and GST were significantly increased in SDWE groups compared to ionized water groups. The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of GSH in liver in the HFDS group were significantly higher than those in the HFD group. These results suggest that a supplement of SDWE on rats fed high fat diet reduce levels of lipid and lipid peroxidation in plasma and liver and improve the antioxidant defense systems.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

This study was carried out to identify bacterial strains adhered to domestic pet dog hair and to identify antibacterial extracts from natural compounds. A total of 76 strains were isolated from dog hair. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus spp. (41 isolates), followed by Micrococcus spp. (21 isolates), Enterococcus spp. (8 isolates), Bacillus sup. (3 isolates), Exiguobacterium sup. (2 isolates), Shigella spp. (1 isolate) and Zoogloea spp. (1 isolate). These results suggested that dog hair could be a source of bacterial contamination to human. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics and antibacterial activities of the natural compounds were examined by disk diffusion method. Water and ethanol extract from Scutellaria baicalensis revealed high antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Enterococcus and Shigella. Our results suggest that the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis can be used a antibacterial agent against the antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

Angiogenesis is essential for the pathophysiological processes of embryogenesis, tissue growth, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and tumor growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of angiogenic diseases such as cancer. However, uncontrolled angiogenesis is also necessary for tumor development and metastasis. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, cause robust and rapid changes in blood vessels of tumors and therefore VEGF constitutes a target for such anti-angiogenic therapy. Recently, since natural compounds pose significantly less risk of deleterious side effects than synthetic compounds, a great many natural resources have been assessed for useful substance for anti-angiogenic treatment. Here we evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of a hot water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBHWE) using in vitro assays and ex vivo animal experiments. Our results show that SBHWE dose-dependently abrogated vascular endothelial responses by inhibiting VEGF-stimulated migration and invasion as well as tube formation in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model, without cytotoxicity, as determined by a cell viability assay. Further study revealed that SBHWE prevented VEGF-induced neo-vascularization in a rat aortic ring sprouting model. Taken together, our findings reveal an anti-angiogenic activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and suggest that SBHWE is a novel candidate inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

The main aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacological profile of flavonoids utilizing behavioral tests and to investigate how the psychopharmacological activities of wogonin, baicalein and oroxylin A are different. Wogonin, baicalein and oroxylin A were intraperitoneally injected as dosages of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. In the locomotor activity, Rota-rod test, and elevated plus-maze tests, the behavioral parameters were analyzed by automatic systems. Thiopental induced sleeping time was measured. Water extract of S. baicalensis didn't exhibit sedative effect. Wogonin and bacalein exhibited anxiolytic activity although it was less potent than buspirone. Wogonin and baicalein decreased locomotor activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Wogonin also shortened significantly running time on the rota-rod at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Wogonin and baicalein enhanced sleeping at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. These results indicate that wogonin produce anxiolysis with sedation and so did bacalein with mild sedation. On the contrary, oroxylin A enhanced running activity on the rotarod and did't depress locomotor activity. Oroxylin A significantly hindered sleeping rather than helped it at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Oroxylin A didn't produce anxiolysis and instead, produce awakening effect. This study demonstrates that wogonin and bacalein exhibited anxiolytic activity with mild sedation, but oroxylin A didn't produce anxiolysis and instead, produce awakening effect. This result indicates that anxiolytic effect without sedation induced by Scutellaria baicalensis is produced by combination of flavonoids.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.706-713
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• 2007

Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI(SB) is used in oriental medicine for the treatment of incipient strokes. Although it has been reported that SB is neuroprotective in a hypoxia model, its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of SB on the modulation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), which has important biological roles in regulating mitochondrial heme protein turnover and in protecting against conditions such as hypoxia, neurodegenerative diseases, or sepsis. Rat cerebrocortical day In vitro(DIV)12 cells were grown in neurobasal medium. On DIV12 cells were treated with SB($20{\mu}g/ml$) and given a hypoxic shock ($2%\;O_2/5%\;CO_2,\;3\;hr$) on DIV14. In situ hybridization results revealed that SB upregulated HO-1 mRNA in neuronal dendrites in both normoxia and hypoxia(38.5% and 59.2%, respectively). At the protein level, SB upregulated HO-1 in the neuronal soma in both normoxia and hypoxia(22.4% and 15.7%, respectively). Interestingly, most significant increase was associated with astrocytes, which increased HO-1 protein by 77.5% compared to SB-untreated culture. These results indicate that SB upregulates both neuronal and glial HO-1 expression, which contributes to the neuroprotection efficacy in hypoxia).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Hot water extracts of 5 herbs were tested in-vitro for anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitical effects for possible use against fish diseases. Skullcap, Scutellaria baicalensis, was the most effective herb in these 5. The effects of skullcap in cultured flounder were examined for various physiological responses and bacterial disease-prevention follow as feeding skullcap absorbed diet for 4, 8, 12weeks. There were not any significant effects in physiological responses, except beneficial action of growth promotion. No definitive preventive activity was observed with experimental feeding of the extract against infected flounder. As we could not confirm in-vivo antibacterial effects of skullcap in flounder despite its in-vitro efficacy, further studies are needed to define the in-vivo efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1712-1716
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• 2013

In our study, as many as 29 edible medicinal herbs were selected for testing their ability in the effective treatment of gout based on oriental medicine theory. We extracted each medicinal herb (135 g) with 4 L of distilled water at $100{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ for 210 min. Thereafter, we evaluated both the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the extracts obtained. Among all the edible medicinal herbs used in our study, only the extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Korean name: hwang-geum) showed (1) the maximum total phenolic content (TPC) (2.25 mg gallic acid equivalent/mL), (2) DPPH radical scavenging activity (94.04%), and (3) xanthine oxidase inhibition activity (87.75%). We also observed that TPC was relatively highly correlated with both the DPPH radical scavenging activity (r=0.63) and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity (r=0.77). Our results suggest that S. baicalensis G. may be a potent antioxidant source for the extraction and development of nutraceuticals that may be utilized for effective treatment of gout.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2001

In the present study, the protective effect of Scutellaria baicalensis against DNA damage in HL-60 cells exposed to $^{60}$ Co ${\gamma}$-rays was evaluated using micronuclei formation and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay). The frequency of micronuclei was decreased in groups treated with water extract (P＜0.01), polysaccaride fraction (P＜0.01) and methanol fraction (P＜0.01) before/after exposure to 200 cGy of ${\gamma}$-rays.(omitted)

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-140
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• 1999

The various oriental herbal medicines, which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat and detoxication, were screened to determine the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration against pulmonary disease-causing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among the 23 oriental medicines tested, the water-soluble extracts of Coptis japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis and Picrorrhiza kurrooa showed the antibacterial activity against K.pneumoniae and that of C. japonica against S. pyogenes. The antibacterial activities of C. japonica, Prunusmume, Schizandra chinesis, Scutellaria baicalensis were also found against S.pneumoniae. When C.japonica was used, the high antibacterial activity was shown against Bacillus subtilis and other extracts showed a little activity against B. subtilis and E. coli as a control. 2. The ethanol-soluble extracts of Patrinia scabriosaefolia, P. mume, S. baicalensis, S. chinesis showed the antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and those of S. baicalensis, C. japonica, S. chinesis, P. mume agaist S. pyogenes and S. pnuemoniae. However, those extract showed a little antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli except for that the extract of C. japonica showed comparatively high growth inhibition of B. subtilis. 3. Among the medicinal herbs tested, the water and ethanol extrats of C. japonica showed very extcellent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and controls. 4. When the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and S. baicalensis, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against K. pneumoniae were $10mg/m{\ell}$ and $22 mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of P. mume and P. scabriosaefolia were $5mg/m{\ell}$ and $20mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. 5. For the MICs against S.pyogenes, C. japonica showed $15mg/m{\ell}$ with the water-soluble extract and P. mume and C. japonica with the ethanol-souble extract did $5mg/m{\ell}$ and $10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. 6. For the MICs against S. pneumoniae, C. japonica and P. mume with the water- and ethanol-souble extract showed $5mg/m{\ell}$ and $10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. As a result, the highest antibacterial activity was found in the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica against pulmonary disease-causing bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes. and S. pnuemoniae. Also, the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of S.chinesis. P.mume, S.baicalensis, and P.kurrooa showed hight antibacterial activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-stress effect of Scutellaria baicalensis(SB). The experiments were performed with the use of young (9 weeks of age) male rats of SD strain and the male ICR mice (20-25 g) at the time of first treatment with SB. Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng, Diazepam(BZ) and SB supplementary group were orally administered once a day 100 mg of red ginseng extract, 5 mg of BZ or 100 mg of SB extract/kg body weight and they were exposed to stress. The mice of the Ginseng, BZ and SB supplementary group were given water containing 200 mg of red ginseng extract, 10 mg of BZ or SB extract/100 ml potable water and exposed to stress. Animals were given supplements for 7 days without stress, and then were given supplement for 5 days with restraining and electroshock stress. We recorded stress related behavioral changes of the experimental animals by stressing them using the Etho-vision system and measured levels of blood corticosterone and IL-2. SB supplementation partially blocked the stress effect on locomotion in the rats and mice, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, grooming, smelling, and rearing behavior in the rats and smelling, grooming, tailing, and rearing in the mice. in elevated plus maze test, the staying time of the stressed rats and mice in the open area decreased while it increased in the closed area. But these changes also partially were blocked by SB-supplementation. SB-supplementation decreased levels of the blood corticosterone which was increased by stress in the rats but did not significantly increase levels of blood interleukin 2 which was decreased by stress in mice.