• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarrettes) were recently introduced and advertised as a smoking cession device in South Korea. As the social norm to quit smoking has gained hold in the country, the number of e-cigarette users is growing rapidly. This phenomenon should be urgently considered, because of the lack of research that has been conducted to examine the safety of e-cigarettes and its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid. This paper raises several public health concerns on e-cigarettes in South Korea. Uncertain regulations of the government on e-cigarettes are contributing to an increase of e-cigarette users and allowing the e-cigarette industry to circumvent existing regulations. The aggressive marketing activity of this industry is also a core factor that is responsible for the rapid increase of e-cigarette use, in particular among the youth. Following the enforcement of tobacco control, some cigarette smokers may be encouraged to purchase e-cigarettes in order to circumvent the regulations, even though the dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette may be more harmful. Until there is clear evidence of the e-cigarette’s safety, it is recommended that the industry’s marketing and promotional activities be banned and closely monitored, and public campaigns be initiated to educate the public regarding e-cigarettes.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.331-360
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• 2001

School Libraries are facilities which support teachers and students in their teaching and learning activities and help to fulfil the school curriculum. Recently the Ministry of Education & Human Resources and Development is emphasizing ‘self learning’and it means that the problem solving ability of students can be improved through resource based learning & self learning. The resource based learning is closely connected with school libraries. School libraries are basic organization among all kind of libraries in all parts of th country and they can not develop without the systematic support of the government. The school libraries are just nominal because education in schools is centered on entrance examination and the government is indifferent to them. Therefore, it is urgent to constitute the related regulations and systems to rescue school libraries. The present school libraries laws should be revised toward the direction of effectiveness and it is possible to revise them after School Library Promotion Acts are constituted in public. All kinds of system and organization can develop only when they attach great importance to people Even though we constitute good laws and have good systems, they can not develop without the support of administrative organizations. They can develop when the administrative organizations have the strong will to develop them and are affectionately interested with them. The development of school libraries are under the control of strong interest and will of the people who are in charge of the systems and apply the related regulations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 2023

Accidents involving deaths of children and pedestrians continue to occur in child protection zones, also known as school zones. Over the three years from 2019 to 2021, 11 child deaths occurred in school zones in Korea. In December 2022, a fatal accident occurred among an elementary school student in a school zone near an elementary school in Gangnam-gu, Seoul. In April 2023, an accident occurred in which an elementary school student died in a school zone near Seo-gu Middle School in Daejeon and an elementary school in Yeongdo-gu, Busan. Until recently, child deaths continued to occur on sidewalks in child protection zones. It is time to closely review the status of safety facilities installed in school zones and related regulations. We investigated and analyzed the current status of safety facilities and related regulations installed on sidewalks in child protection zones in Korea, and identified matters necessary for institutional improvement regarding safety facilities for sidewalks in child protection zones.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-143
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• 2016

General aviation and air transport are two wings of the civil aviation industry. Chinese air transport is developing rapidly, and has become the world second air transport system only second to US since 2005. However, Chinese civil aviation is far behind the world average level, and cannot meet requirements of economic construction and social development. The transition and structural adjustment of Chinese economy provide the general aviation with a unprecedented broad market. The prospect of general aviation is promising and anticipated. The development of general aviation industry needs the legislative supports, and the current legislative conditions of Chinese general aviation are undoubtedly far behind the realistic requirements. Accelerating the legislation in Chinese general aviation industry requires scientific legislation concept. First, Legislation must promote development of general aviation industry. The general aviation will serves as a Chinese emerging industry that boosts domestic demand, promotes employment and expedite domestic economic development. We should, based on both the concept of promoting the industrial development of general aviation and national industrial planning, enact and rectify relative laws and regulations. And we should also straighten out the relationship between aviation security and industrial development and promote the revolution of low-altitude airspace management in an all-round way, in order to improve the utilization rate of airspace resources, classify and establish airspace, simplify examination and approval procedure and intensify operation management. In addition, what we should do is to expedite the infrastructure layout construction, guide the differentiated but coordinated development of general aviation industries in various areas, establish a united supervision mechanism of general aviation, redistrict the responsibilities of Chinese Air Control Agency and set up legislation, law enforcement and judicial systems with clarified institutions, clear positioning and classified responsibilities, so as to usher in a new era of the legislative management of Chinese general aviation industry. Second, shift the focus from regulations to both regulations and services. Considering the particularity of the general aviation, we should use American practices for reference and take into account both regulation and service functions when enacting general aviation laws. For example, we should reduce administrative licensing and market supervision, and adopt "criteria" and "approval" management systems for non-commercial and commercial aviation. Furthermore, pay attention to social benefits. Complete social rescuing mechanism through legislation. It should be clarified in legislation that general aviation operators should take the responsibilities of, and ensure to realize social benefits of environmental protection and ecological balance .Finally, rise in line with international standards. Modify Chinese regulations which is inconsistent with international ones to remove barriers to international cooperation. Specify basic legislative principles. One is the principle of coordination. Realize coordination between the civil aviation and general aviation, between military aviation and civil aviation, and among departments. Two is the principle of pertinence. The general aviation has its own rules and specialties, needing to be standardized using specialized laws and regulations. Three is the principle of efficiency. To realize time and space values of general aviation, we should complete rules in aerospace openness, general aviation airport construction, general aviation operations, and regulation enforcement. Four is the principle of security. Balance the maximum use of resources of Chinese airspace and the according potential threats to Chinese national interests and social security, and establish a complete insurance system which functions as security defense and indemnificatory measure. Establish a unified legal system. Currently, the system of Chinese general aviation laws consists of national legislation, administrative laws and regulations and civil aviation regulations (CAR). Some problems exist in three components of the system, including too general content, unclear guarantee measures, incomplete implementation details, and lacking corresponding pertinence and flexibility required by general aviation regulations, stringency of operation management and standards, and uniformity of standards. A law and regulation system, centered on laws and consisting of administrative laws regulations, industrial regulations, implementation details, industrial policies and local laws and regulations, should be established. It is suggested to modify the Civil Aviation Law to make general aviation laws complete, enact the Regulations of General Aviation Development, and accelerate the establishment, modification and abolition of Chinese general aviation laws to intensify the coordination and uniformity of regulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

The importance of safety culture improvement and transformation has highlighted since an organization's safety culture can be the causal factor of the accident. Every designated aviation training school have to manage their own SMS and will comply with the regulations specified in article 49, Korean Aviation law. In related regulations, it is specified the safety culture status and problems of an organizations must be accessed and improved. On this study, safety culture index of designated aviation training school has measured using abbreviated CASS developed by KTSA. Results from the statistical analysis, the overall safety culture average found as 3.711. Among the subindex, mean of 'Employee Empowerment' appeared the most high(3.980) and 'Reward System' appeared the most low(3.309). Service providers are able to apply the intervention strategy on the basis of the results of these measurements. The weak part of Safety Culture might be improved and this will lead the better organizational culture.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Only ground source heat pump units certified according to the regulations in Korea can be adopted in ground source heat pump systems. In this study, domestic and international standards and regulations for ground source heat pump units were investigated. Unlike ISO 13256-1~2, which is the international standard, KS B 8292~8294 for ground source heat pump unit only included rated test conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement various test conditions to the KS B series, because its performance data, which is required to calculate the system's design capacity, is dependent on the change in entering water temperature. The difference between the coefficient of performance of the certified ground source heat pump units and the certified criteria changed significantly according to the operating mode, heat source, and load type, because the criteria increased by about 5% for all. Thus, it is highly suggested that the certification standards be revised while considering the product performance level and various conditions.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.91-105
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of managing educational programs for tobacco use prevention at middle and high schools located in Busan. Methods: Using a survey method with a 29-item self-administration questionnaire, the data were collected from January 10 through February 18, 2005, from school nurses as well as teachers major in healthcare of 227 participant schools. Results: A strategic plan for school-based educational programs of tobacco use prevention was mainly developed by a school nurse at middle school and a teacher in charge of school discipline at high school. The educational programs for tobacco use prevention were implemented for approximately 40% of schools in Busan with the budget ranged from 110,000 won to 200,000 won a year. Eighty five percepts of the schools had anti-tobacco regulations and guidelines in place. Twenty two percents of the middle and high schools collected the data regarding adolescents' smoking status periodically. Over 70% of schools provided tobacco use prevention education programs as a part of regular semester curriculum. Conclusions: For making the management of educational programs for tobacco use prevention effective and consistent with government's anti-smoking policy, schools need (a) development of tobacco management guideline and regulations with participation of teachers, students, and parents, (b) clear job and role descriptions for personnel to plan and implement anti-tobacco programs, (c) compilation of the budget enough to implement the programs, (d) periodically assessment of adolescents' smoking status, and evaluation of the programs to monitor whether those are effective for adolescents' health promotion; and (e) to make an effort to less range of quality in educational programs for tobacco use.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.303-332
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• 2000

This study analyzed the problems of legal education system in Korea; examined the basic elements and services required by ABA Standards and AALS Regulations and Bylaws; and surveyed the situation of 4 law school libraries in America in order to recommend the basic requirements for the establishment of a law school library if the American law school system is adopted.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

The tropical peatlands have been deforested and converted to agricultural and plantation areas in Indonesia. To manage water levels and increase the overall productivity of crops, canals have been constructed in tropical peatlands. The canals destructed the structure of the tropical peatlands, and increased the subsidence and fire hazard risks in the region. The Indonesian government enacted regulations and a moratorium on tropical peatlands, in order to reduce degradation. A practical method under the regulations of rewetting tropical peatlands was to permit a canal blocking. In this study, four canal blocking projects were investigated regarding their planning, construction priority, design, building material, construction, monitoring, time and costs associated with the canal blockings. In the protected areas, regulations restricted the development of the tropical peatlands areas that were noted as deeper than 3 m, and the administration stopped issuing new concessions for future work projects for this noted criteria of land use. A noted purpose of canal blockings in these areas was to effectuate the restoration of the lands in the region. The main considerations of the restoration efforts were to maintain a durability of the blockings, and to encourage the participation of the area stakeholders. In the case of a concession area, regulations were set into place to restrict clear-cutting and shifting cultivation, and to maintain groundwater level in the tropical peatland. The most significant priorities identified in the canal blocking project were the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the project. Nevertheless, the drainage of tropical peatlands has been continued. On the basis of a literature review on regulations and rewetting methods in tropical peatlands of Indonesia, we discussed the improvements of the regulations, and adequate canal blockings to serve the function to rewet the tropical peatlands in Indonesia. Our results would help establishing an adequate direction and recommended guideline on viable rewetting methods for the restoration of drained tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.500-508
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• 2014

In the ongoing debates over the need to identify new sources of energy and to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Hydrogen has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives due to its emissions from the vehicle being virtually zero. The governments have identified the development of regulations and standards as one of the key requirements for commercialization of HFCV. Regulations and standards will help overcome technological barriers to commercialization. The development of Global Technical Regulation (GTR) for HFCV occurred under the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations. Development of a technique for safety assessment of HFCV include four tasks, research for regulation system and policy, hydrogen safety, vehicle operation safety and protection against high-voltage. The objective is to establish a technique for safety assessment and amend safety standards for HFCV and consequently reflect research results to vehicle management policy. We devised safety standards and evaluation techniques with regard to high-pressure gas and high voltage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. KMVSS for HFCV was amended to June 10, 2014. including the results of the safety assessment technology for high-voltage and hydrogen characteristics.