Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Rewetting Strategies for the Drained Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia

인도네시아의 배수된 열대 이탄지에 대한 재습지화 전략

  • Roh, Yujin (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Seongjun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Han, Seung Hyun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jongyeol (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Son, Yowhan (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University)
  • 노유진 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 김성준 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 한승현 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이종열 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 손요환 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과)
  • Received : 2017.11.20
  • Accepted : 2018.03.02
  • Published : 2018.03.31
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Abstract

The tropical peatlands have been deforested and converted to agricultural and plantation areas in Indonesia. To manage water levels and increase the overall productivity of crops, canals have been constructed in tropical peatlands. The canals destructed the structure of the tropical peatlands, and increased the subsidence and fire hazard risks in the region. The Indonesian government enacted regulations and a moratorium on tropical peatlands, in order to reduce degradation. A practical method under the regulations of rewetting tropical peatlands was to permit a canal blocking. In this study, four canal blocking projects were investigated regarding their planning, construction priority, design, building material, construction, monitoring, time and costs associated with the canal blockings. In the protected areas, regulations restricted the development of the tropical peatlands areas that were noted as deeper than 3 m, and the administration stopped issuing new concessions for future work projects for this noted criteria of land use. A noted purpose of canal blockings in these areas was to effectuate the restoration of the lands in the region. The main considerations of the restoration efforts were to maintain a durability of the blockings, and to encourage the participation of the area stakeholders. In the case of a concession area, regulations were set into place to restrict clear-cutting and shifting cultivation, and to maintain groundwater level in the tropical peatland. The most significant priorities identified in the canal blocking project were the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the project. Nevertheless, the drainage of tropical peatlands has been continued. On the basis of a literature review on regulations and rewetting methods in tropical peatlands of Indonesia, we discussed the improvements of the regulations, and adequate canal blockings to serve the function to rewet the tropical peatlands in Indonesia. Our results would help establishing an adequate direction and recommended guideline on viable rewetting methods for the restoration of drained tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia.

인도네시아의 열대 이탄지는 황폐화되고 농경지 및 조림지로 전용되어왔다. 수로는 열대 이탄지의 지하수위를 관리하고 작물의 생산성을 높이기 위해 설치되었으나, 열대 이탄지의 구조를 파괴하고 침하 및 산불 발생 위험을 증가시켰다. 이에 따라, 인도네시아 정부는 수로로 인한 문제를 막기 위한 정책과 모라토리엄을 마련하였다. 그리고 해당 정책들에 따라 이탄지 재습지화에 관한 시범사업들이 일부 수행되었다. 우리나라가 열대 이탄지를 재습지화 한다면 추후 탄소 배출권을 확보할 수 있는 가능성이 있으므로, 적절한 재습지화에 관한 자료가 필요하다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 열대 이탄지에 적용되는 정책의 흐름을 조사하고 이 시범사업들의 설치 계획, 고려사항, 댐 설계, 재료, 설치 방법, 모니터링 방법, 그리고 소요 시간 및 비용 등에 대해 분석하였다. 이탄층의 깊이가 3 m 이상인 지역은 개발이 제한되고 개발 허가 발급이 중단되었으며, 복원을 위한 수로차단이 설치되었다. 이 지역에서는 댐의 지속성과 지역 이해당사자들의 참여를 독려하는 것이 우선순위로 여겨졌다. 개발 허가지역의 경우에는 개벌과 화전이 금지되었으며, 지하수위를 유지하기 위한 수로차단에 목적을 두었고, 수로차단을 설치할 때에는 작업 및 비용의 효율성이 우선적으로 고려되었다. 조사 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 인도네시아 열대 이탄지의 규제 적용 및 수로차단 설치 시 적용할 수 있는 방안들을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 동남아시아 지역의 배수된 열대 이탄지에 적합한 수로차단을 계획하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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