• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.185-195
• /
• 2017

In recent years, unexpected bridge fire accidents have increased because of augmenting the number of traffic volumes and hazardous materials by the increment in traffics and distribution business. Furthermore, in accordance with the effort of using the under space of bridges, the ratio of occupied by combustible materials like oil tanker or lorry has been increased. As a result, the occurrence of bridge fire has been growing drastically. In order to mitigate the accident of bridge fire, risk assessment of bridge fire has been studied, however, practical risk models considering safety from users' viewpoints were scarce. This study represented quantitative risk assessment model applicable to national road bridges in Korea. The primary factors with significant impacts on bridge fire accidents was chosen such as clearance height, materials of bridges, arrival time of fire truck and fire intensity. The selected factors were used for Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS) and the peak temperature calculated by FDS in accordance with the fire duration and fire intensity. The risk assessment model in bridge fire reflected the FDS analysis results, the fire damage criteria, and the grade of fire truck arrival time was established. Response plans for bridge fire accidents according to the risk assessment output has been discussed. Lastly, distances between bridges and fire stations were calculated by GIS network analysis. Based on the suggested assessment model and methodology, sample bridges were selected and graded for the risk assessment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2015

The fire accident is a representative type of disaster that can largely impact on business. Therefore, precautionary measures and rapid initial response is very important when a disaster occurs. The storage of porous combustibles is inevitable in coal yard, plywood processing industry, and others that are currently operating. Initial fire fighting of fire and identifying the ignition point in such a porous combustible storage space are so difficult that if the initial response is failed, being led to deep-seated fire, surface fire is likely to result in secondary damage. In addition, deep-seated fire can cause personal injuries and property damage due to a large amount of toxic gases and reignition. Therefore damage reduction measures is required around the storage space to handle a porous flammable. Improving the penetration performance of the concentration of the surfactant is carried out as underlying study, which is about an deep-seated fire extinguishing efficiency augmentation when using wetting agents. The porous materials used in the experiments is radiata pine wood flour, which occupies more than 75% of the domestic wood market. Fire fighting water is selected as Butyl Di Glycol (BDG), which is being used for infiltration extinguishing agent, and the experiment was carried out by producing a standard solution. The experiment was carried out on the basis of the Deep-Seated Fire Test of NFPA 18. The amount of watering, porous material to the internal amount of penetration, and runoff measurement out of the porous material was conducted. According to experimental results, as the surface tension is reduced, the surfactant concentration macroscopic penetration rate decreases, but infiltration to a porous material is shown to have growth characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.58-72
• /
• 2001

A Cerebrovascular accident(CVA), or Stroke is a medical emergency that occurred when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or blocked. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder. Also the stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness, sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between perceived social support and hope of stroke survivors. The subjects for this study were 100 out-patients with stroke in one general hospital and oriental medicine hospital located in Mokpo. The data were analysed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Data were collected from July 11 to September 9, 2000, using a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study : The social support scale developed by Park, Ji-won(1985) and the hope scale developed by Miller(1988). The results were as follows. 1. It was found that the higher the degree of perceived social support, the higher the degree of hope(r=.726, p=.000). Therefore hypothesis was supported. 2. The mean score of perceived social support was 77.8(SD=21.0) with a score range from 27.0 to 104.0. 3. The mean score of perceived hope was 117.0(SD=25.7) with a score range from 57.0 to 160.0. 4. The level of social support depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=3.131, p=.010). degree of income satisfaction(F=16.027, p=.000). 5. The level of hope depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=2.681, p=.040). current job(t=-2.055, p=.043) degree of income, satisfaction(F=11.363, p=.000). For these subjects, there was a significant relationship between social support and hope. The stroke survivors need social support to inspire their hope. Nurses should plan interventions to enhance social support for patients with stroke. The above results may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and rehabilitation for the patients with stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this thesis is studying for a legal basis and definition of Oil Record Book. In the thesis, comparing with the laws related to punishment for false entry of Oil Record Book of the maritime countries and korea Act. Studying the improvement marine pollutants from ships by suggesting legal and institutional proposal which are able to make themselves increase effectiveness for recording and inspection of Oil Record Book. Suggest the solution of the problems raised in this thesis, First, The Oil Record Book should not be the evidence which is having the effectiveness simply after the accident of marine pollution, but take sanction on pre-inspection of Oil Record Book as establish the concrete administrative punishment for each contents-based record of Oil Record Book. Second, It should set up of judgement criteria of false entry of Oil Record Book by port state control officer. Third, It should strengthen the legal effectiveness of Oil Record Book contents such as Code(c) ; oil residue, Code(d); relating to bilge discharge by including premeditation for false entry of Oil Record Book. Also, The enhancement of role for marine pollution prevention manager raise the effectiveness of Oil Record Book as recognizing the importance of Oil Record Book.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2007

The cases of drunk driving accidents have been steadily increasing every year. The number of accidents was quadrupled from 7,303 cases in 1990 to 25,150 cases in 2004. In addition, the proportion of drunk driving accidents to total traffic accidents was 2.9% in 1990 but it increased to 13.0% in 2003. Studies of drunk driving accidents have been focusing on analyzing psychological decisive factors, classifying drivers' individual characters and types of drunk driving accidents by considering the location of drunk driving accidents. This study assumed that drunk driving accidents would have regular characteristics in respect to spatiality and analyzed its relation with spatial factors such as, accident black spot, the location of bars, the distance of drivers' houses, and spatio-temporal distributional characteristics through drawing density distribution and connecting the time of accidents. In order to achieve the goal of this study, the individual location information was organized and drawn as types of GIS data. From the result of density distribution using Kernel Density Mapping and analysis through the coefficient of areal correspondence, it was understood that drunk driving accidents correlates with some spatial factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2014

This study provided safe sailing speed and appropriate passing time to areas of known strong current water to prevent marine accident of the ships. To the interpretation of these data which target Myeongnyang waterway, AIS data of the ship was collected from $12^{th}$ July to $15^{th}$ July 2010 and site environment was investigated on $4^{th}$ September 2010. On the basis of the collected data, the 'Minimum Navigation Speed' and 'Optimum Navigation Speed' were calculated. It has also considered the 'Spare control force' or allowance and the 'Respond Rudder Angle' for each tidal current speed. Additionally, it suggested the safe passing time to strong current area by analyzing tidal level and tidal current speed. The conclusion of the research are as follows : (1) If the flow rate is greater than 4.4 kn, it is difficult for the model ship to control herself by her own steering power and to cope with tidal current pressure force and yaw moment caused by the tidal current.. (2) The minimum navigation speed should be over 2.3 times the tidal current and the optimum navigation speed should be over 4.0 times the tidal current. (3) When spring tide, the optimum passing time at Myeongnyang waterway is between 30 minutes to 1 hour before the time of high/low water, and at 5 hours after high/low water, passing of ships should be avoided because it is time when the flow rate is over 4 kn.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2015

Exposure to cold sea water can be life-threatening to the drowned individual. Although appropriate life jacket can be usually be provided for the buoyance at the drowning accident, heat loss can make the drowned individual experience the hypothermia. Inflatable life jackets filled with inflatable air pocket can increase the thermal protection as well as the buoyancy force. Because it is important to know how the human body behaves unde the different life jacket, present study compares the thermal insulation capacity of solid type life jacket with that of inflatable life jacket. In order to represent the insulation capacity of life jacket, thermal resistance is estimated based on the assumption of steady-state. Also, a transient three-dimensional thermal distribution of the thigh is analyzed by using finite element method implementing the Pennes bioheat equation. The finite element model is a segmental, multi-layered representation of the body section which considers the heat conduction within tissue, bone, fat and local blood flow rate.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.485-491
• /
• 2015

The technology review about risk of hypothermia of victim according to heat transfer characteristic of life raft and sea state can use accident correspondence of standing and sinking of ship. This study studied heat transfer characteristics required for the design of life raft and thermal insulation property analysis and evaluation methods. In addition, it is study for comprehend the risk of hypothermia and suggest analysis result that is experiment of thermal insulation property and body temperature property for decide of prediction the body temperature decline Thermal Analysis apply the finite element analysis method is comprehended the property of heat conductivity, convective effect of sea water and properties changes according to property of insulation material. it measure the heat flux with attach temperature sensor on body in order to comprehend the variation of body temperature with boarding a life raft experiment on a human body. This study validate results by comparing variation of temperature measured from experiment on a body with variation of temperature from finite element analysis model. Also, the criteria of hypothermia was discussed through result of finite element analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2013

The IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit) which is the expensive equipment has been used as a special limited area, usually in measurement of posture of applying to the areas of ship, submarine, aircraft and military equipment application. However, in the current situation, MEMS AHRS technology can replace the high-priced IMU in MEMS AHRS selected application field. In this paper, wireless hull motion measurement system was suggested for measuring key elements of ship's movement such as rolling, pitching and yawing using gyro, acceleration and magnetic sensors of AHRS. In order to reduce the error such as instantaneous acceleration, effects and vibration of geomagnetic, we have adopted the sensors equipped with Kalman filtering. The Wireless hull motion measurement system using AHRS sensors was tested in actual ship and it could easily be applied in limited installation circumstances of the ship. In the future, this system can be useful in the navigation safety and marine accident analysis by using with ship equipment such as INS or VDR in the maritime.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2016

A disaster can be defined in many ways based on perspectives, in addition, its types are able to classify differently by various standards. Considering the different perspectives, the disaster can be occurred by natural phenomenon that is like typhoon, earthquake, flood, and drought, and by the accident that is like collapse of facilities, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution, etc. Into the modern society, moreover, the disaster includes the damages by diffusion of epidemic and infectious disease in domestic animals. The disaster was defined by natural and man-made hazards in the past. As societies grew with changes of paradigm, social factors have been included in the concept of the disaster according to new types unexpected by new disease and scientific technology. Change the concept of social disasters, Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) has provided the regional safety index, which measures the safety level of a local government. However, this regional safety index has some limitation to use because this index provides the information for city unit which is a unit of administrative districts of urban. Since these administrative districts units are on a different level with urban and rural areas, the regional safety index provided by MPSS is not be able to direct apply to the rural areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the regional safety index targeting rural areas. To estimate the safety index, we was used for 3 indicators of the MPSS, a fire, a crime, and an infectious disease which are evaluable the regional safety index using an accessibility analysis. For determining the regional safety index using accessibility from community centers to public facilities, the safety index of fire, crime, and infectious disease used access time to fire station, police office, and medical facility, respectively. An integrated Cheongju, targeting areas in this study, is mixed region with urban and rural areas. The results of regional safety index about urban and rural areas, the safety index in rural area is relatively higher than in the urban. Neverthless the investment would be needed to improve the safety in the rural areas.