• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.626-633
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the eating habits of obese elementary school students residing in Iksan city, in June 2006 using 1167 participants(obese: 233, normal weight: 934). The results are summarized as follows. The average age was 12 years-old in both the obese and normal weight groups. The average BMI, ideal body weight and obesity index in the obese and normal weight groups were $24.8kg/m^2$, 39.8 kg, and 32.5% and $18.2kg/m^2$, 37.7 kg and -1.4%, respectively. Regarding the number of subject who acknowledged their physical build, the obese group was highest(88.9%) in stating obese or extremely obese, while the normal group was highest(71.5%) in stating they were normal weight. For the frequency of eating breakfast, the obese group the results were: "eating it everyday"(69.1%) and $"3{\sim}4\;times/week"$ (13.7%), while in the normal weight group, the highest response was "eating it everyday"(75%) and the lowest response was "never eat it"(4.1%). In terms of having breakfast with someone, there were slight differences for eating alone between the obese group(17.4%) and normal group(12.4%) and also between the obese group(19.6%) and normal group (39.6%) for eating with parents. There were considerable gaps in the association of eating habits with weight such as having irregular meals in the obese group(52.4%) and having regular meals in the normal group(61.1%). The frequency of having snacks was different by the rate of obesity, where 65.9% of the obese group, and 57.8% of the normal group had snacks more than once. There were significant differences in the practice of controlling intake with the obese group at 77.3% and the normal group at 36.3%. There were high numbers regarding eating more than average in stressful times for both the obese group(10.3%) and normal group(7.7%). The results of this study show the prevalence of obesity in Iksan, and proper nutrition education is currently needed. Moreover, the greater the level of obesity, the higher the frequency of skipping breakfast, eating alone, and eating irregular meals, and the more experience in attempting to control weight. To resolve the problems triggered by inappropriate food habits, proper food and eating methods to control weight should be included in nutrition education programs for elementary students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1976

To determine patterns of preference for and consumption of milk and milk products in Seoul city, a study was conducted of 724 girls and 587 boys ranging in age from elementary school to collage level, from July to August, 1974. Findings are summarized as follows: In general, milk and milk products were liked by both children and adults. A contrasting low tendency to purchase such products was due to socioeconomics, habitual, and educational factors, as well as a lack of adequate nutritional information, especially with regard to milk. Knowledge of the value of milk as a source of calcium was lacking, especially among boys. The majority of homemakers understood that milk was nutritious, but not specifically as the best source of calcium for their families. Milk, especially in beverage form, was commonly regarded as food for the infant and small child. Grandparents would not drink it. Such a beliefe is similar to that found in under-developed or developing nations. The need for nutrition education must be emphasized. Milk and milk products are expensive foods, particularly for the low income family; but even in higher income levels, consumption was limited. Milk was consumed mostly by the younger family members, less by the older. Among the children, preference, knowledge, and concern with the nutritional value of milk increased with age of subjects. It is presumed that awareness improved with increasing length of school education. Greater frequency of milk intolerance was found with decreasing age of respondents: about 10 percent had some form of milk intolerance. This percentage will be found to be much higher in villages where milk is less familiar. This study indicated that respondents liked ice cream best of all the milk products. For beverage, they preferred cider and cola in summer, coffee and milk in winter. Smaller families consumed more milk than larger families. Household consumption of condensed milk was very low, mostly as coffeemate. Among households interviewed, as many had regular as irregular delivery of dairy milk. Average consumption ranged 0.5 to 1.5 Hop. Engel indices of these families ranged 20 to 60. Use of milk at home was very simple. Not many methods of preparation were found. The milk was used mostly as beverage. In order to improve the nutritional level of Korean children and adults who especially need additional calcium, milk and milk products are recommended as the best source of calcium. Nutrition education of children and their parents should receive greater emphasis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.139-161
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• 2009

This study explored the services of libraries for babies and toddlers and the possibilities of service expansion through Bookstart as a cooperation system for libraries. This study presented the problems of the services of libraries for toddlers by implementing the questionnaire method and the in-depth interviews. In addition, this study showed the impact of carrying-out this program and why libraries should manage the Bookstart program. Results indicated that: (1) even though the membership enrollment standard of children's libraries is usually from babies and toddlers up to the elementary school students, that of a few libraries is still over elementary school students. This will work on restraining the services of libraries for users, especially toddlers, only 54.8% of libraries services are for the toddlers; (2) by analyzing the perception of librarians, we get to know that librarians think that the age of the first use of a library is more appropriate for kindergarten-agers than toddlers; (3) librarians think positively about the Bookstart and that libraries are more suitable for Bookstart than any other institutions; (4) after the introduction of Bookstart to libraries, many changes happened in respect of the function of libraries and the types of users. For examples, there was an expansion of users to babies and toddlers and their parents, an increase in users, focusing on early-childhood reading education and the strengthening of the role of librarians as program planners in particular. This study suggests that the introduction of Bookstart would bring changes to the concept of traditional libraries and the inflexible attitudes of librarians.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.405-418
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the interest level of mothers in oral health. The subjects in this study were 184 mothers whose children attended daycare centers in the city of K. A survey was conducted from March 15 through April 30, 2007, and SPSS WIN 11.5 program was employed to analyze their answer sheets. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. A group of mothers whose children brushed their teeth three times a day on the average made up 55.7 percent of those who were at the age of 35 and under. Among the mothers having three or more children, those mothers accounted for 59.1 percent. The daily mean toothbrushing frequency of children was higher among the better-educated mothers. 2. Concerning dietary and oral guidance, the mothers whose academic background was better curbed their children's excessive sugar intake more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05). As to the importance of oral health by the number of child and academic credential, those who had two children(36.0%) taught them the importance of oral health frequently(pE.01), and the better-educated mothers taught about it often(pE.05). The gap between the groups and the others was significant. 3. As for experience of visiting dental institutions, the working mothers visited dental institutions more often than the stay-at-home mothers, and the gap between them was statistically significant(pE.05). Regarding purpose of the visit, the largest group aimed to get treatment(64.6%), followed by having a dental checkup(14.6%) and receiving preventive treatment(13.5%). As to any inconveniences in using dental institutions, those who were working and who were in the upper income bracket found it more inconvenient to do that because of a long distance or time constraints. The gap between them and the others was significant. 4. In regard to concern for dental care, the mothers who were better educated(pE.001) and whose family income was 3 million won or more had their teeth scaled more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.01). The rate of the regular visitors of dental institutions stood at 32.7 percent of the junior-college graduates, 31.0 percent of the mothers receiving college or higher education and 10.1 percent of the high-school graduates(pE.01). And those who earned larger income paid a visit to dental institutions more often and on a regular basis. The gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05).

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.427-447
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• 2011

This research looked into the recognitions of a teacher's discernment & recommendations of gifted elementary students targeting 184 elementary school teachers in Seoul district and compared and contrasted their awareness in order to confirm whether there existed a difference in the discernment of gifted elementary students according to their awareness level of professionalism in gifted and talented education. The research results are as follows: There appeared a significant difference in teachers' recognitions level of professionalism in gifted education according to their experience relevant to a gifted elementary student. The teachers, in the process of observations & nominations of gifted elementary students, pointed out creativity, learning motive and attitude as the highest judging standard and also regard such elements as discerning criteria of gifted students. In the process of observations & nominations of gifted elementary students, it was found that teachers' recognitions of importance of discerning criteria of gifted elementary students in relation to parents or fellow teachers' recommendations appeared relatively lower than their recognitions of importance in relation to learning ability, creativity, learning motive and attitude. The research results showed that a group of teachers, who have a high recognitions level of the professionalism in gifted education in the process of observations & nominations of gifted students, perceive the realm of creativity, learning motive, and attitude as more important. This suggests the necessity of elevating teachers' awareness level of professionalism in gifted and talented education in order to discern high-quality gifted students in the process observations & nominations of gifted elementary students putting emphasis on the realm of creativity, learning motive, and attitude.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The purposes of this study are to examine the adolescents' consumer knowledge and consumption behavior and analyze the factors affecting them. The sample of this study is 640 middle school students living in kyunggi province. The data are collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed by the descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the third grade students and the female students get higher scores in the consumer knowledge compared with the first grade and the male students. Other factors affecting the level of consumer knowledge are occupation of parents, education level of mother, household income and GPA. Second, the consumption behavior of students is moderately resonable and affected by sex and grade of students, education level of mother, household income, and GPA. Third, the adolescent's consumer knowledge affects their consumption behavior. The results of multiple regression analysis show that 4% to 9% of variances of sub categories of the consumption behavior are explained by the level of consumer knowledge. Since the consumer knowledge learned at schools is rarely transferred to the reasonable consumption behavior, the systematic and relevant consumer education considering the development stages of adolescents is required in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Pediatric Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Questionnaire Brain Tumor Survivor (version 2.0) Aged 13 years and older (Parent Form) (pedsFACT-BrS parent of adolescent). Methods : The pedsFACT-BrS parent of adolescent was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Korean, following standard Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) methodology. The psychometric properties of the pedsFACT-BrS parent of adolescent were evaluated in 170 brain tumor patient's mothers (mean age=43.38 years). Pretesting was performed in 30 mothers, and the results indicated good symptom coverage and overall comprehensibility. The participants also completed the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF-50), Neuroticism in Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Karnofsky score. Results : In validating the pedsFACT-BrS parent of adolescent, we found high internal consistency, with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients ranging from 0.76 to 0.94. The assessment of test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient revealed satisfactory values with ICCs ranging from 0.84 to 0.93. The pedsFACT-BrS for parent of adolescent also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validities when correlated with the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF-50) and the Neuroticism in Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The pedsFACT-BrS parent of adolescent showed good clinical validity, and effectively differentiated between clinically distinct patient groups according to the type of treatment, tumor location, shunt, and Karnofsky score of parent proxy report. Conclusion : We confirmed that this reliable and valid instrument can be used to properly evaluate the quality of life of Korean adolescent brain tumor patients by their parents' proxy report.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.281-292
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• 2000

This study was conducted from Nov. 15 to Dec. 20. 1999, covering 3.214 fourth. fifth, and sixth graders in 25 schools. one from each Ku in Seoul. in order to provide basic data for developing smoking prevention program. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Among the students under inquiry. $10.2\%$ answered they had the experience of smoking, while $6.3\%$ said they are current smokers. 2. With regard to smokers' smoking behavior. about 90% of them smoke one or two cigarettes a day. A lot of them was their own or friends' homes to smoke. but not at specific time. Many students who smoke say they was cigarettes stored and/or picked up at home. $28.9\%$ of them have friends who know that they smoke and $27.7\%$ of them have siblings are aware they are smokers. $24.2\%$ of them said no one around them is aware of the fact they. smoke. 3. Forth grade is the most frequent year students start smoking$(23.5\%)$. Most of them had their first smoking experience at their homes out of curiosity. 4. Profile of a typical smoker would; be male; from miscellaneous religions; have very few friends: have hard time to fit in at school and he/she has a poor academic record. 5. Environmental profile of a smoker consists of: commercial area resident: single-parented; lacks attention from parents; has hard time at home; has someone who smokes within the family. 6. Regarding the experience of smoking prevention education. the rate of current smokers who have learned about smoking prevention was lower than that of who have not learned. 7. Among the non-smoking students. $81.3\%$ of them said they would keep away from smoking and $1.6\%$ of them said they would like to smoke in the future. while $17.1\%$ were undecided. Among the students who smoke. $93.7\%$ wish to quit smoking.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral health education feedback using $Qraycam^{TM}$. The middle school students 118 were divided into intervention group (59) and control group (59) subjects evaluated the dental plaque score using $Qraycam^{TM}$ after oral health education at baseline. Then, the $Qraycam^{TM}$ images view only sent to students and parents of the intervention group by text message. After 4 weeks both intervention group and control group were evaluated dental plaque by $Qraycam^{TM}$ re-taking. Then, they filled out the questionnaire. Both ${\Delta}R$ value and SPS(Simple Plaque Score) were statistically significant reduced in groups performed feedback(p<0.001). The oral health behavior, toothbrushing of intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group(p<0.001). Also the importance of oral health was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group(p<0.001). The effect of dental plaque reducing, toothbrushing time and subjective oral health importance were higher in the intervention group who received feedback using $Qraycam^{TM}$ image. Therefore it was expected to be able to utilize $Qraycam^{TM}$ image as a visual feedback tool of oral health education.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.53-68
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• 1988

This article concerned with the nutritional status and the taste of the lunch box of 311 middle school girls in Kwangju City from May 18 to June 12 in 1987. The purpose of this research was making materials to show direction of the education about nutrition by checking relationships among the nutritional status for the lunch box, the taste of food and the environmental factors. The results observed in the study were as follows: 1. The intake of nutrition from the lunch box and the ratio between the recommended dietary allowance and the contained nutrients in the lunch box as follows. Calorie(603 Kcal, 78.6%), protein (21.7g, 93.1%) Animal protein (10.3g, 132.1%) calcium (151.7 g, 56.9%) Ferrum 93.1 mg, 51.7%), Vitamin a (129.3 RE, 55.4%) Vitamin B1 (0.29 mg, 72.5%), Vitamin B (0.26 mg, 55.3%) Niacin (4.7 mg, 94.0%), Vitamin C 913.2 mg, 79.0%). Except animal protein, all the recommended dietary allowance. 2. According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of taken carbohydrate, protein and fat was 77.7 : 15.5 : 6.8. The intake of protein was desirable but most of calorie depended on carbohydrate. Among the total intake of protein, the ratio of animal protein was 47.5%, which was a high rate. 3. Most of calorie (75%), was taken from staples, protein (41.5%), vitamin B1 (48.3%) were taken at the same rate from staples and side dishes. Most of fat, calcium, ferrum, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C, was taken from side dishes. 4. In taking among the five basic food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food group was second, and Calcium food the second food group was the lowest. 5. As the staples, students liked tchajangmyon, mandu and ttokkuk as written order. They disliked Kongbap and Patpap. As the side dishes for the lunch box, they liked kimchi, ham, sausage, cuttlefish, dried slices of filefish, eggs and green seaweed as written order. As a side dishes they liked Laver, Cucumber, Squid, lettuce, Potatoes. They disliked pork fat, cow's intestines, cow's liver, Crussian carp, pickled fish. The favorite snack was fruits, ice cream, hamburger, Chocolate and milk. 6. In taking condition of the principal food, rice rate (65.6%) was the most, and mixed food was 5 or 10%. 7. Favorite cooking was frying, roasting and kimch. But disagreeable cooking was pickling. 8. Favorite food was what was pungent but disagreeable food was what was salty. 9. the higher parents educational background was, the higher their income was. Also the more various the information about the nutrition was, the better the intake of nutrition was. 10. The preference tendency influenced in choosing the side dish of the Lunch box. The higher the preference tendency of the girl students became, the better their nutrition condition became.