• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

본 연구는 서부경남지역에 소재하는 대학 내 급식소에 대하여 미생물학적 안전성 평가를 실시하고, 안전성 확보를 위한 미생물학적 정보를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위하여 서부경남지역에 소재하는 대학 내 급식소 4곳을 대상으로 2006년부터 2008년까지 하절기와 동절기로 구분하여 개인위생, 음용수, 조리된 음식 및 조리도구와 관련된 항목들에 대하여 위생지표세균과 병원성 미생물에 대한 미생물학적 위해 분석을 실시하였다. 원료와의 접촉 빈도가 높은 칼, 도마 및 행주 등의 조리도구와 조리종사자의 손에 대하여 일반세균과 대장균군이 각각 1.1~5.5와 1.3~5.3 log CFU/($100\;cm^2$, hand)으로 높게 검출되었고, 조리된 음식과 음용수에서도 일반세균과 대장균군이 각각 0.8~6.4와 1.3~5.0 log CFU/(g, mL)으로 비교적 높은 오염도를 나타내어 조리과정 중의 교차오염의 발생이 우려되었다. 또한 병원성 미생물 중 S. aureus가 조리종사자의 손과 조리된 음식에서 각각 2.8~3.0과 2.0~2.3 log CFU/(hand, g)로 비교적 높은 수준으로 검출되어 조리과정 중 개인위생불량으로 인한 교차오염 발생 가능성이 높은 것으로 확인되었고, E. coli와 Salmonella spp.는 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 대학 내 급식소의 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 농산물우수관리제도(GAP) 등에 의해 생산된 안전한 원료를 위해요소중점관리제도(HACCP system) 매뉴얼에 적용하여 운영될 수 있도록 널리 보급하고, 조리종사자에 대한 철저한 개인위생관리와 주기적인 위생교육을 실시함으로써 원료 입고에서 배식까지의 모든 과정에 대한 위해요소를 사전에 차단 할 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2019

안전한 딸기 섭취를 위해 딸기에 acetamiprid외 9종의 농약을 인위적으로 살포하여 건조시킨 후 물, 세제, 소주에 침지 및 초음파 세척하였을 경우와 가열하여 잼으로 가공하였을 때 잔류량 변화 및 가공계수를 산출하였다. 농약이 처리된 딸기를 세척 및 가공하였을 때 물에 침지하여 세척한 경우 13.9-65.1%, 세제에 침지한 경우 9.2-71.9%, 소주에 침지한 경우 12.4-61.6%, 물로 초음파 세척한 경우 22.4-62.8%, 세제로 초음파 세척한 경우 18.7-64.5%, 소주로 초음파 세척한 경우 23.1-64.4% 감소하였다. 딸기 중 잔류농약의 제거율은 농약에 따라서 다르게 나타났으나, 세척 용매 및 방법에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았기 때문에 물로 세척하는 것이 가장 효율적이며 세척 횟수를 늘리는 것이 보다 효과적인 방법으로 생각되었다. 가공함에 따라 딸기의 생체량이 2.5배 감소하는 것을 반영하여 가공 전과 후의 절대량을 산출한 결과, 10종의 시험 농약 모두 59.8-98.4%감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

In this study, the required life cycle cost is evaluated in consideration of the equipment's availability during its lift cycle. In order to meet the maximum availability required by the process, the failure cost and life cycle cost is assessed The optimal equipment selection method is presented according to the analysis of the failure cost and life cycle cost. For the systems in which equipments are connected serially, the optimal equipments are selected by minimizing the life cycle cost and satisfying the required system availability goal. In addition, the selection methods and lift cycle cost are analyzed according to the cost variation of the equipment. By using the life cycle evaluation procedure, the failure cost and maintenance cost needed during the life cycle of the equipment can be presented.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2008

본 연구는 청주소재 OO 고교 교직원 휴게실에서 화재상황을 가정하여 FDS와 CFAST 화재모델을 이용하여 화재특성을 분석하였으며, 전교생을 대상으로 실제피난훈련을 실시하고, 피난프로그램 Simulex를 수행한 자료와 비교하여 피난안전성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 실제피난훈련은 8%가 피난에 실패하였고 Simulex에서는 40%가 피난에 실패한 것으로 평가되었다. Simulex는 피난경로, 피난집결지 둥 실제피난훈련의 특성을 반영하지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2021

Background: Rapid population aging in developed countries has resulted in the working-age population increasingly being tasked with the provision of informal care. Methods: An educational intervention was delivered to 21 carer-employees employed at a Canadian University. Work role function, job security, schedule control, work-family conflict, familywork conflict, and supervisor and coworker support were measured as part of an aggregated workplace experience score. This score was used to measure changes pre/post intervention and at a follow-up period approximately 12 months post intervention. Three random intercept models were created via linear mixed modeling to illustrate changes in participants' workplace experience across time. Results: All three models reported statistically significant random and fixed effects intercepts, with a positive coefficient of change. Conclusion: This suggests that the intervention demonstrated an improvement of the workplace experience score for participants over time, with the association particularly strong immediately after intervention.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.116-137
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• 2012

The topic of this study is to ask and answer about 'What matters most in medicine'. And the purpose of this study is to establish paradigm which guarantee 'the original principles of science in medicine' and 'the safety of human life in medicine'. The organized characteristics of this study is as follows. 1. 'The harmony of nature (heaven, earth and human)' is the base of medicine. Because medicine control life directly and all life is 'the son of nature'. 2. 'The harmony of Eum and Yang' is the essential power of universe and the key of metabolism of all life including human, animals and plants. Because 'the nature of universe' and all 'Life field' is 'electro-magnetic field'. 3. The Convergence of Oriental medicine and Western medicine orients 'the harmony of Eum and Yang'.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2020

Optimal design of structures against earthquake loads is often limited to reduce initial construction costs, while the cost induced to structures during their useful life may be several times greater than the initial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the indirect costs due to earthquakes in the design process. In this research, an integrated methodology for calculating life cycle cost (LCC) of moment-resisting concrete frames is presented. Increasing seismic safety of structures and reducing human casualties can play an important role in determining the optimal design. Costs incurred for structures are added to the costs of construction, including the costs of reconstruction, financial losses due to the time spent on reconstruction, interruption in building functionality, the value of people's life or disability, and content loss are a major part of the future costs. In this research, fifty years of useful life of structures from the beginning of the construction is considered as the life cycle. These costs should be considered as factors of calculating indirect costs of a structure. The results of this work represent the life cycle cost of a 4 story, 7 story, and 10 story moment-resisting concrete frame by details. This methodology is developed based on the economic conditions of Iran in 2016 and for the case of Tehran city.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2018

Patients administered radioisotope for medical purposes are regulated by each country to quarantine them until their body's radioactivity contents decrease below release criteria. To predict the quarantine period and provide it to medical staffs and patients, it is necessary to approach the assessment of the exposure dose of persons due to patients in a realistic manner. For this purpose, a whole-body effective half-life should be applied to the dose assessment equation instead of the physical half-life. In this study, we constructed a bio-kinetic model for each nuclear species based on the ICRP publication to obtain a whole-body effective half-life of 10 unsealed gamma-ray emitting nuclei from the notification of Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, and calculated the effective half-life mathematically by simulating the distribution of the radioisotope administered in the whole body as well as each organ scale. The whole-body effective half-life of $^{198}Au$, $^{67}Ga$, $^{123}I$, $^{111}In$, $^{186}Re$, $^{99m}Tc$, and $^{201}TI$ were 1,93, 2.57, 0.295, 2.805, 1.561, 0.245, and 2.397 days respectively. However, it was found to be undesirable to offer a single value of the effective half-life of $^{125}I$, $^{131}I$, and $^{169}Yb$ because the changes in the effective half-life show no linearity. A bio-kinetic model created for the internal exposure assessment has been shown to be possible to calculate the effective half-life of radioisotopes administered in the patient's body, but subsequent studies of radiolabeled compounds are required as well.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In order to evaluate fatigue endurance for the rocker arm of a diesel engine, stress measurements were performed using the strain gages attached near the neck, where is one of the most critical region in the rocker arm, in variation of the engine speed. The fatigue life experiments were carried out on miniature specimens from the rocker arms. For evaluating the fatigue endurance of the rocker arm, the S-N data were compared with the stress analysis results through FEM analysis of the rocker arm. The effective stress of the neck region was determined 17.7MPa through FEM analysis of the rocker arm. Conclusively, on the basis of fatigue limit, the rocker arm has a safety factor of 2.8 or 3.4 from the stress measurement or FEM results, respectively.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.811-820
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• 2017

The reliability issue of IGBT is a concern for researchers given the critical role the device plays in the safety of operations of the converter system. The reliability of power devices can be estimated from the intermittent life test, which aims to simulate typical applications in power electronics in an accelerated manner to obtain lifetime data. However, the test is time-consuming, as testing conditions are not well considered and only rough provisions have been made in the current standards. Acceleration of the test by changing critical test conditions is controversial due to the activation of unexpected failure mechanisms. Therefore, full investigations were conducted on critical test conditions of intermittent life test. A design optimization process for IGBT intermittent life testing program was developed to save on test times without imposing additional failure mechanisms. The applicability of the process has been supported by a number of tests and failure analysis of the test results. The process proposed in this paper can guide the test process for other power semiconductors.