• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Two hundreds of female aged 19 years old and up were recruited to evaluate the postural changes and bilateral variation of asymmetry over age. To find out the differences among the age group, subjects were classified into 5 groups, early young age(19-29), late young age(30-39), early middle age(40-49), late middle age(50-59), and old age(60-). 35 body measurements were taken by the 3-D body scanner which allowed us to take measurements which cannot be measured using traditional methods, including the shape of a cross section, slice area surface are, and volume. Bilateral variations were observed as a function of age; Depth of scapular point level, scapular point to center back, and blade angle. Postural change of anterior cervical angle, upper anterior thoracic angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, posterior cervical angle, and center back/center front ratio were also exhibited. In each measurements, subjects were classified into normal, and abnormal group. Percentiles of abnormal in shoulder line angle, blade angle, neck point $\∼$ acromial point $\∼$ scapular point, posterior cervical angle, and upper posterior thoracic angle were increased over age group. The upper body of lateral view was classified into 3 types of posture based on the previous research; straight, erect(leaning back), and stooped(bent forward). The percentiles of subjects who have straight postures were decreased as a function of age, but those of stooped postures were increased. Subjects who have erect postures did not so. The stooped posture group shows the big cervical fossa angle, anterior cervical angle, posterior cervical angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, and the small upper anterior thoracic angle comparing to the straight and erect posture group. These results could be apply for clothing construction reflecting the changes in back, shoulder, neck, and the bilateral asymmetry according to the target age group.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2004

With considerable development of comfortable and functional clothing in recent years, we need to evaluate the effects of garment pressure in daily wear on each parts of human body because the garment pressure is important to design the clothing. This study was designed to examine the effects of body postures on garment pressure on each parts of human body in the actual clothing conditions. All the data were collected from 50 volunteered subjects. The Garment pressure was measured in lune and December with 8 points CPMS clothing pressure system from scapular, upper am, elbow, under arm, front waist line, side waist line, abdomen, crista ilica, upper hip, middle hip, front thigh, back thigh, front knee and back knee. The postures of subjects were controlled with 3 positions such as standing (posture 1), sitting on the chair (posture 2), and sitting on the floor (posture 3) during measurement of clothing pressure. Clothing weights were more in men than in woman. It showed that clothing weights had no effects on the garment pressure. In this study, however, just the garment pressures on scapular and top of the hip increased significantly by clothing weight (p<. 05). Clothing horizontally pressed on scapular and top of hip but not on other parts. When subjects stood up, the garment pressure was the highest on the side waist. Especially, clothing pressure on the front waist point was lower than that of the left side waist. On the upper parts of the human body, the garment pressure of left side waist was the highest, and followed by front waist, crista ilica, and abdomen in order. When subjects were sitting on the chair, the garment pressure on the lower parts of the human body was the highest on the top of hip. When the subjects were sitting on the chair or on the floor, the surface area on their skin of hip and waist parts increased by postures. In addition, it showed that men felt more comfortable than women on higher clothing pressure level.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 1992

Two hundred sisty five patients who complained of neck pain with stiffness and pain of the suprascapular area were studied. In most cases the anatomical locations of pain were in the levator scapulae muscles or trapezius muscles. Hyperactivity of dorsal scapular nerve or spinal accessory nerve which innervate those muscles was thought to be responsible for these pains. The hyperactivity of the nerves may be due to the spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the scalenus medius muscle which the nerves meet during their courses to the levator scapulae or trapezius muscles. Therefore, spasmolytic treatment on the scalenus medius provided effective relief for neck or shoulder pain.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2004

The flap considered at first for the reconstruction of large maxillary defect, especially mid-face defect, is scapular free flap, because it provides ample composite tissue which can be designed 3-dimensionally for orbital, facial and oral reconstruction. In case of maxillary defect involving hard palate, however, this flap has some limitations. First, its bulk prevents oral function and physio-anatomic reconstruction of nasal and oral cavity. Second, mobility and thickness of cutaneous paddle covering the alveolar area reduce retention of tissue-supported denture and give rise to peri-implantitis when implant is installed. Third, lateral border of scapula that is to reconstruct maxillary arch and hold implants is straight, not U-shaped maxillary arch form. To overcome these problems, new concept of step prefabrication technique was provided to a 27-year-old male patient who had been suffering from a complete hard palate and maxillary alveolar ridge defect. In the first stage, scapular osteomuscular flap was elevated, tailored to fit the maxillary defect, particulated autologous bone was placed subperiosteally to simulate U-shaped alveolar process, and then wrapped up with split thickness skin graft(STSG, 0.3mm thickness). Two months later, thus prefabricated new flap was elevated and microtransferred to the palato-maxillary defect. After 6 months, 10 implant fixtures were installed along the reconstructed maxillary alveolus, with following final prosthetic rehabilitation. The procedure was very successful and patient is enjoying normal rigid diet and speech.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 1996

Localized or radiating pain in the arm and shoulder joint may result after faulty alignment causing compression or tension on nerves, blood vessels, or supporting soft tissues. The critical site of faulty alignment is the quadrangular space in the axilla bounded by the teres major, teres minor, long head of triceps, and humerus. The axillary nerve emerges through this space to supply the deltoid and teres minor. The activity of the trigger point on teres minor compressing the axillary nerve causes pain to develop through the area of sensory distribution of cutaneous branch of the axillary nerve. Relieving compression on the axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve is the key point to relieving the pain. Spasm of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus compressing the suprascapular nerve caused pain to develop in the shoulder joint and scapular area. We treated those patients experiencing such pain with local anesthetic infiltration or I-R laser stimulation on the identified trigger points.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the effects on muscle activations of serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscles when push-up plus exercise togu applied differently depending on the body part. Method : Thirty six volunteers took part in this study and we divided into three groups(upper arm togu group 12, leg togu group 12, upper arm-leg togu group 12). Each experimental group performed push-up plus exercise. All volunteers received a total of 18 exercise session over a 6 week period (three times per week). Exercise program was composed of serratus anterior and upper trapezius push-up plus exercise. Then we measured muscle activation of scapular stabilizer by electromyography. Repeated ANOVA was used to examine the effects of the intervention on each outcome measure. Result : After the six week intervention, there was a significant difference between the pre and 6 week in serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle activity(p<0.05). After the six week intervention, there was a significant difference among the three group in serratus anterior muscle activity but no significant difference in upper trapezius muscle activity(p>.05). Conclusion : Serratus anterior and upper trapezius showed high muscle activity during push-up plus exercise. Therefore have a positive impact of scapular stabilizer. The larger the area of the unstable support surface, the larger muscle activity was larger of variation quantity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.255-268
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for elderly women's clothing construction and to develop dress form that can reflect the characteristics of their bodies. Three hundred twenty subjects, between the ages of 60∼85, were chosen and the data were collected from 59 anthropometric measurements of each subject. Data were analyzed by factor analysis of principal component model, cluster analysis, analysis of variance and duncan test. The results are as follows : 1. A decrease in height, an enlargement of the waist and abdomen area, and a dropped bustline are characteristics of elderly women. The upper-torso droops as a ge increase 2. Seven factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements. Factor components were obesity, height, shoulder shaper, the center front bodice length, the center back bodice length, the bust and neck shape, the degree and level of scapular protusion. 3. After analyzing seven factors, four types were categorized.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.516-521
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• 1984

We have experienced 131 cases of chest wall tumor, from April 1974 to April 1984 at the Kyung Hee University hospital. We analyzed 131 cases of chest wall tumors, 59 cases were primary chest wall tumors and 72 cases were secondary chest wall tumors. The results were following; 1.Of primary benign chest wall tumors [56], lipomas were most common and located mainly in the scapular area [37/56]. 2.Of secondary malignant chest wall tumors [72], which originated from hung tumors were most common [27/72], & breast [8/72], liver [8/72], prostate [6/72] & stomach [3/72] were followed lowed in orders. 3.We excluded out the Rib tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.436-440
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• 1998

Photosensitization occurred in a 4-month old Holstein calf soon after going onto the pasture lush with green Japanese millet(Echinochloa crusgalli). Skin lesions were restricted to the unpigmented white area of skin. They were most pronounced on the dorsum of the body, diminishing in degree down the sides and were absent from the ventral part. The demarcation between lesions and normal skin was clearcut. There were edema, exudation and sloughing of affected skin on the left gluteal region, and erythema, edema and scab on right scapular region. Interception of the light, discontinuance of Japanese millet ingestion, and the administration of antihistamine and penicillin made the calf rapid recovery. This disease was considered photosensitization due to chlorphyll in ingested Japanese millet.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 1995

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of blood vessels, first described and named by Stout and Murray in 1942, arising from the contractile, elongated cells which surround capillaries originated from the pericytes of Zimmermann. It can develop anywhere there are capillaries and mostly in the connective tissue of the human body. It can also develop at any age from 12 to 90 years old, and the rate of metastasis and prognosis vary with its histologic finding, We report three cases of hemangiopericytoma - one recurred in the right forearm where a tumor was excised 15 years ago, another occurred in the left pubis which metastasized to lung and head, the other metastasized from the lung to the right scapular area - treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Hanyang University Hospital from 1989 to 1995.