• 제목/요약/키워드: Scaling Function

검색결과 339건 처리시간 0.025초

다차원척도법에 의한 교통정책 평가 인지 차이 분석에 관한 연구 (Evaluation of Transportation Policy Using Multidimensional Scaling Method)

  • 이원규;정헌영;고상선;윤항묵
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제30권3D호
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 2010
  • 교통정책에 대한 평가는 평가자의 관점에 따라서 차이가 있기 때문에, 단순한 빈도분석보다는 평가대상에 대해서 정확한 인지 서열화를 통한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구는 대도시의 교통정책에 대한 평가를 위하여, 도로소통, 대중교통, 주차, 보행환경, 광역교통, 교통정보, 교통전체 7개 분야에 대해서 다차원척도법인 ALSCAL법과 MDPREF법을 시용하여 분석을 하였다. 포지셔닝한 결과, 각각 4개 집단으로 분류되었으며, 전체적으로는 비슷한 경향을 나타내었으나, 아이디얼 포인트 모형인 ALSCAL법은 지능형 교통체계의 도입 유무에 따른 교통정책별 개선정도, 벡터 모형인 MDPREF법의 경우는 특정 기능의 확충 내지 구축에 따른 교통정책별 개선정도에 대한 인지경향이 있는 것으로 대별되어 나타났다. 따라서 향후 교통정책을 수립할 경우에는 아이디얼 포인트 모형인 ALSCAL법과 벡터 모형인 MDPREF법을 우선적으로 수행하여 평가자의 정확한 인지 서열화를 기한 후, 이를 함께 고려한 교통정책을 수립, 제시하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

시대적 흐름에 따른 두피와 모발관리에 대한 연구방법 (Research Methods on Scalp and Hair Management through the Pass of Time)

  • 김명주;백승화
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 2003
  • It is considered to be important to create aesthetically beautiful style through the change of external shape, however for the hair stylists, whose beauty expression is through hair, the role of hair doctor is becoming even more important with focus to improve the hair healthiness. Hair clinic is management of hair and scalp. It is the management process of preventing damages, while improving and cultivating healthy and shiny hair. The current concept in hair management is moving from simple hair styling to emphasis at hair management. As far as hair management is concerned, it usually includes treatment tools such as shampoo, conditioner, hair treatment and scalp scaling system, which is used for diagnosis of hair condition in order to treat the scalp. As the interest of hair healthiness becoming more wide spread, so does the breadth of clinic menu. The wide choice is to fulfill the profound desire of people, whose demands are simply to have variety in their choice. This is resulting in faucets of new value-added and differentiated products. The values that make-up the hair styles consist of mainly design (trend, preference), function(styling, management convenience) and clinic(hair quality improvement, damage repair). Shampoo and conditioner have gone beyond their original function of cleansing to providing combinational functions of treatment, to care and remedy, and advanced massage effectiveness. These are, to name a few that seem to go beyond their original function to satisfy the mental healthiness in people, the King Kong shampoo of shampooings in forward-backward manner, 5-minute shampoo massage that applies sports and relaxation massage, scalp acupunctural message and aural(ear) massage. More and more people are complaining about the damaged hair and hair loss problems due to perms, dyeing and bleaching of hair, in addition to natural scalp and hair damaging factors. Such complaints have stimulated many beauty products and various hair treatment systems being introduced with focus to provide nutrition and prevent damages to scalp and hair. As the living standards improve and the desire of people is to pursue differentiated lives, their demand also increases in hair styling products to fulfill the needs of healthy and aesthetical aspects of their lives.

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중등도 만성 치주염 환자에서 erythritol 공기분말 연마기구를 부가적으로 이용하는 비외과적 치주치료의 임상적 효과 (Clinical effects of additional use of erythritol powder air polishing device on non-surgical periodontal treatment in moderate chronic periodontitis)

  • 이문영;박언정;권은영;김현주;이주연;주지영
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2018
  • 목적: 치석제거 및 치근면활택술(scaling and root planing, SRP)은 만성 치주염 환자에서 대표적인 비외과적 치주치료법이나 술자가 잔존치석을 시각적으로 확인하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 중등도 만성 치주염 환자에서 비외과적 치주치료 시 SRP에 부가적으로 erythritol 공기분말 연마기구를 사용하는 것의 임상적 효과를 평가해 보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 중등도 만성 치주염을 가지는 21명의 환자에서 비외과적 치주치료를 위해 SRP로만 치료받은 21부위(대조군)와 SRP에 부가적으로 erythritol 공기분말 연마기구를 사용하여 치료한 21부위(실험군)에서 4 - 6 mm의 치주낭을 가지는 치아를 선택하여 평가하였다. 치료 전, 치료 완료 1개월, 3개월 후에 치주낭 깊이, 치은퇴축, 임상부착수준, 치태지수, 탐침시 출혈이 임상지표로 측정되었다. 결과: 실험군과 대조군 모두에서 치료 전에 비해 치료 1개월 후, 3개월 후 치주낭 깊이, 치태지수, 탐침시 출혈의 유의한 감소와 치은 퇴축의 증가 및 임상부착수준의 유의한 획득이 관찰되었다. 그러나 실험군과 대조군 간에 임상지표들의 변화에는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 치료 3개월 후 모든 임상지표들은 치료 전에 비해서는 개선되었으나 치료 1개월 후에 비해서는 악화되었다. 결론: 중등도 만성 치주염 환자의 비외과적 치주치료 시 erythritol 공기분말 연마기구는 부가적으로 적용될 수 있으나 SRP 단독과 비교하였을 때 임상적으로 더 효과적이라고 제안할 수는 없다. 또한 최소 3개월 간격의 주기적인 유지관리치료가 필요함을 알 수 있다.

방향의 선택성 향상을 통한 이중 밀도 이산 웨이브렛 변환의 성능 개선 (Improvement of Double Density Discrete Wavelet Transformation with Enhancement of Directional Selectivity)

  • 임중희;신종홍;지인호
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.221-232
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    • 2012
  • 이중 밀도 이산 웨이브렛 변환은 정밀하게 표본화되는 이산 웨이브렛 변환에 중요한 특징을 추가하여 그 성능을 개선한 것이다. 우선적으로 이 변환은 하나의 스케일링 함수와 두 개의 웨이브렛 함수로 구성된다. 즉, 3개 채널로 분해가 되며 두 웨이브렛 함수는 주파수 대역을 1/2씩 분할하도록 설계되었다. 따라서 입력 데이터보다 더 많은 양의 부대역 데이터들을 생성하면서도 완전재생을 만족한다. 또한 근사적으로 이동 불변의 특징을 만족하도록 설계되었다. 그러나 웨이브렛들이 모든 방향성을 반영하지 못하는 제약성을 갖는다. 즉, 이중 밀도 이산 웨이브렛 변환이 기존의 웨이브렛 변환보다 우수하지만, 다양한 방향성의 부족으로 그에 대한 처리가 제약받는다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방법은 이중 밀도 이산 웨이브렛 변환에 quincunx 표본화를 결합하여 각각의 장점을 얻도록 하였다. 특히, quincunx 표본화는 더 많은 방향성을 생성할 수 있다. 결과적으로 제안된 방법이 다양한 각도의 회전된 부영상을 생성할 수 있기 때문에 영상처리 영역에서 향상된 성능을 제공할 수 있다.

Quantum Transport Simulations of CNTFETs: Performance Assessment and Comparison Study with GNRFETs

  • Wang, Wei;Wang, Huan;Wang, Xueying;Li, Na;Zhu, Changru;Xiao, Guangran;Yang, Xiao;Zhang, Lu;Zhang, Ting
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.615-624
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we explore the electrical properties and high-frequency performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs), based on the non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) solved self - consistently with Poisson's equations. The calculated results show that CNTFETs exhibit superior performance compared with graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs), such as better control ability of the gate on the channel, higher drive current with lower subthreshold leakage current, and lower subthreshold-swing (SS). Due to larger band-structure-limited velocity in CNTFETs, ballistic CNTFETs present better high-frequency performance limit than that of Si MOSFETs. The parameter effects of CNTFETs are also investigated. In addition, to enhance the immunity against short - channel effects (SCE), hetero - material - gate CNTFETs (HMG-CNTFETs) have been proposed, and we present a detailed numerical simulation to analyze the performances of scaling down, and conclude that HMG-CNTFETs can meet the ITRS'10 requirements better than CNTs.

Revealing the complexity of ionized gas outflows in powerful Type 2 AGN in the local Universe

  • Karouzos, Marios;Woo, Jong-Hak;Bae, Hyun-Jin
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.32.3-33
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    • 2015
  • There exist scaling relations that link the mass of supermassive black holes with both the velocity dispersion and the mass of the central stellar cusp of their host galaxies. This implies that these two components grow in tandem. Feedback from actively accreting supermassive black holes (AGN), in the form of multi-phase gas outflows, has been argued to be the agent of this co-evolution. Here we employ the powerful GMOS integral field spectroscopy unit on the 8.2m Gemini-North telescope to investigate ionized gas outflows of luminous Type 2 AGN in the local Universe (z<0.1). Our sample of 6 galaxies is drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and was selected based on their [OIII] dust-corrected luminosity (>1042 erg/s) and signatures of outflows in the [OIII] line profile of their spatially integrated SDSS spectra. These are arguably the best candidates to explore AGN feedback in action since they are < 1% of a large local type 2 AGN SDSS sample selected based on their [OIII] kinematics. We combine a careful spectral decomposition of the [OIII] and $H{\alpha}$ line profiles with spatial information on ~0.5kpc scales to understand the outflow kinematics and energetics in these objects. We find clear evidence for strong outflows in [OIII] and occasionally $H{\alpha}$ that are clearly driven by the ionizing radiation of the AGN. We kinematically and spatially decompose outflowing and rotating ionized gas components. We find [OIII] to be a better tracer of AGN outflows, while $H{\alpha}$ appears to be strongly affected by both stellar rotation and outflows induced by ongoing star formation. The observed kinematics and spatial distribution of the ionized gas imply a large opening angle for the outflow. Finally, we find the projected outflow velocity to decrease as a function of distance, while its dispersion shows a more complex structure with a potentially initially increasing trend (out to 0.5-1kpc distances).

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헛개열매 간장의 알코올 분해 활성 및 관능적 품질 특성 (Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity and Sensory Evaluation of Hutgae (Hovenia dulcis Thunb) Fruit Soy Sauce)

  • 정수영;임정섭;송희순
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.747-754
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study was to investigate free amino acid composition, antioxidant activity, alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the sensory quality attributes for the development of functional soy sauce using Hutgae (Hovenia dulcis Thunb) fruit, which is well-known for improving liver function and alleviating various negative physiological effects following heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages. Soy sauces adding six types of extract from Hutgae fruit (HF) were prepared (SSH1: HF 20%, SSH2: HF 10%, SSH3: HF 20%/40 days NaCl extract, SSH4: HF 20%/20 days NaCl extract, SSH5: HF 20% water bath extract, SSH6: freeze-drying powder from HF 20% aqueous extract), compared with soy sauce using the conventional method. These soy sauces were used for determining alcohol dehydrogenase activity by NADH absorbance, the antioxidant effect by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and sensory evaluation by sensory scaling. Total free amino acid contents for most samples were in the range of 327.3 to 375.5 mg%, and then, aspartic acid and glutamic acid content of SSH1 and SSH5 were higher than that of others. DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown to be the highest in SSH4, also SSH1, SSH5 and SSF6 were shown to be higher than the control group. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was shown to be the highest in SSH5. In sensory evaluation, the highest intensity of roast smell was observed in SSH4 while sweet taste was shown to be the highest in SSH5, and SSH3 and SSH5 revealed higher overall acceptability. From these results, Hutgae fruit soy sauces demonstrated antioxidant activity and alcohol dehydrogenase activity. In conclusion, soy sauces containing the water bath extract of Hutgae fruit may be used as a functional seasoning.

DWT와 셀룰라 오토마타 변환을 이용한 블라인드 워터마킹 비교 (Comparing of Blind Watermarking Method using DWT and CAT)

  • 공휘;신진욱;윤숙;박동선
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.92-100
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문에서는 새로운 변환 기법인 셀룰라 오토마타 변환을 이용한 워터마킹 방법과 기존의 DWT를 이용한 방법을 비교한다. 이 두 방법 모두 서로 상반되는 임의의 패턴 정보를 사용하여 워터마크 정보를 영상에 삽입한다. 셀룰라 오토마타 변환은 DWT와 달리 더 많은 정보 즉, 룰 번호, 초기 값, 격자 크기 등 다양한 초기값을 이용하여 기저함수를 생성하여 변환한다. DWT와 셀룰라 오토마타 변환을 이용하여 변환된 영상의 계수를 분석 및 비교한 후 워터마킹 성능을 비교한다. 모의실험에서는 워터마크 정보가 삽입된 영상에 대한 PSNR 및 정규화 상관계수를 이용하여 원영상과의 가시적인 동일성과 다양한 외부 공격에 대한 강인성을 비교한다. 셀룰라 오토마타 변환을 이용한 워터마킹 방법이 DWT를 이용한 방법보다 JPEG 압축, 미디언 필터, 크기 변환, 잘라내기 및 히스토그램 평활화 등 대부분의 공격에 대하여 강인함을 보여준다.

3-D Hetero-Integration Technologies for Multifunctional Convergence Systems

  • 이강욱
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2015
  • Since CMOS device scaling has stalled, three-dimensional (3-D) integration allows extending Moore's law to ever high density, higher functionality, higher performance, and more diversed materials and devices to be integrated with lower cost. 3-D integration has many benefits such as increased multi-functionality, increased performance, increased data bandwidth, reduced power, small form factor, reduced packaging volume, because it vertically stacks multiple materials, technologies, and functional components such as processor, memory, sensors, logic, analog, and power ICs into one stacked chip. Anticipated applications start with memory, handheld devices, and high-performance computers and especially extend to multifunctional convengence systems such as cloud networking for internet of things, exascale computing for big data server, electrical vehicle system for future automotive, radioactivity safety system, energy harvesting system and, wireless implantable medical system by flexible heterogeneous integrations involving CMOS, MEMS, sensors and photonic circuits. However, heterogeneous integration of different functional devices has many technical challenges owing to various types of size, thickness, and substrate of different functional devices, because they were fabricated by different technologies. This paper describes new 3-D heterogeneous integration technologies of chip self-assembling stacking and 3-D heterogeneous opto-electronics integration, backside TSV fabrication developed by Tohoku University for multifunctional convergence systems. The paper introduce a high speed sensing, highly parallel processing image sensor system comprising a 3-D stacked image sensor with extremely fast signal sensing and processing speed and a 3-D stacked microprocessor with a self-test and self-repair function for autonomous driving assist fabricated by 3-D heterogeneous integration technologies.

Herbal anti-inflammatory immunomodulators as host modulators in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

  • Deore, Girish D.;Gurav, Abhijit N.;Patil, Rahul;Shete, Abhijeet R.;Naiktari, Ritam S.;Inamdar, Saurabh P.
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Host modulatory therapy has been proposed as a treatment for periodontal diseases. A class of herbal medicines, known to be immunomodulators, alters the activity of immune function through the regulation of informational molecules such as cytokines. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that herbal immunomodulator drugs act as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in alleviating periodontal inflammation by improving clinical and biochemical parameters. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (30 in each group) with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-masked randomised controlled trial. The control group was treated with SRP and a placebo, whereas the test group was treated with SRP followed by dietary supplementation of Septilin for 3 weeks. Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated for all patients at the baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. Results: Improved gingival index scores found in the test group as compared to the control group were found to be statistically significant only after 3 weeks (P<0.001). In contrast, the decrease in the sulcus bleeding index and pocket depth scores was statistically highly significant in the test group as compared to the control group after 3 weeks and 6 weeks (P<0.001). However, reduced clinical attachment level and CRP scores, as reflected in the test group as compared to the control group, were not found to be statistically significant after both 3 weeks (P>0.05) and 6 weeks (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this clinical-biochemical study suggest that dietary supplementation with herbal immunomodulatory agents may be a promising adjunct to SRP and may aid in improving periodontal treatment outcomes.