• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Optimal criterion for the scale-up production of schizophyllan, a fungal polysaccharide secreted by Schizophyllum commune, was investigated. For the production of the polysaccharide in a 150-l bioreactor, the culture conditions optimized in a 15-l bioreactor were applied to a 150-l bioreactor with scale-up process, by changing impeller speed and airflow rate. The optimized impeller speed in the 15-l bioreactor was 50 rpm in a technical medium based on barley. For establishment of the scale-up process, 3 kinds of criteria were used while the gas throughput number was kept constant, as follows; constant volume-related power input, constant tip speed of stirrer, and constant Reynolds number. In the 150-l bioreactor, the highest values for the maximum specific growth rate (1.17/day) and productivity (0.63 g/L${\cdot}$day) were achieved in the culture condition from constant volumerelated power input criterion.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.89-101
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• 2021

Scale-up of ICT startups is not easy because of limited capabilities, lack of resources, and immature networks for the business. Therefore, this research selected a representative startup succeeded in scale-up and applied the ERIS model in analyzing their scale-up process in the initial stages of scale-up. Analysis of qualitative data collected revealed that the entrepreneurs' experience, convergence of knowledge between diverse industries, participation in public-sector-led R&D, management of communication channels between customers and businesses, and utilization of project-oriented campaigns are found to be critical success factors in scaling up ICT startups. Academically, this study validates the utility of ERIS model in analyzing the scale-up process. For practitioners, this study will be used as a reference for strategic development in seucring the competitiveness of the initial market of ICT startups and scale-up.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

This review deals with scale-up strategies for optimized chemical processes particularly for micron and submicron products. The method of finding scale-up factors was also introduced for two systems, a system with chemical reaction and a system without chemical reaction. This review is expected to serve as an initial guideline for process engineers who are to scale up their current chemical processes for small products of micron or submicron size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2018

Due to the growing concerns of energy resource depletion and environmental destruction, the mass production of microalgae has been studied. The scale-up of a photobioreactor (PBR) is required for the mass production of biomass. In this paper, the geometric parameters and oxygen transfer rate (OTR) are considered, to scale up a flat panel photobioreactor (FP PBR). The PBR is designed using the goal-driven optimization (GDO) method to accomplish the scale-up. The local sensitivity of each output parameter with respect to the input parameter is analyzed through the design of experiment (DOE), and the design candidates are evaluated with the screening sampling method. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient is measured by the dynamic method.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2015

Environmental problems from petroleum-based plastic wastes have been rapidly increasing in recent years. The alternative solution is focus on the development of environmental friendly plastic derived from renewable resource. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer synthesized from biomass having potential to replace the petroleum-based non-degradable polymers utilizations. PLA can be synthesized by two methods: (1) ring-opening of lactide intermediate and (2) direct polycondensation of lactic acid processes. The latter process has advantages on high yields and high purity of polymer products, materials handling and ease of process treatments. The polymerization process of PLA synthesis has been widely studied in a laboratory scale. However, the mass scale production using direct polycondensation of lactic acid has not been reported. We have investigated the kinetics and scale-up process of direct polycondensation method to produce PLA in a pilot scale. The order of reaction is 2 and activation energy of lactic acid to lactic acid oligomers is 61.58 kJ/mol. The pre-polymer was further polymerized in a solid state polymerization (SSP) process. The synthesized PLA from both the laboratory and pilot scales show the comparable properties such as melting temperature and molecular weight. The appearance of synthesized PLA is yellow-white solid powder.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.773-777
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• 1999

Scale-up experiments for hydrolysis of beef tallow, fat, and palm kernel with lipase derived from Candida cylindracea were carried out in 1-1, 100-1, and 10,000-1 reactors. The optimum agitation speed for the hydrolysis of the 1-1 reactor was investigated and found to be 350rpm, and this was a basis for the scale-up of agitation speed. The hydrolysis system in this work was the oil-water system in which the hydrolysis seems to process a heterogeneous reaction. An emulsion condition was the most important factor for determining the reaction rate of hydrolysis. Therefore, the scale-up of agitation speed was performed by using the power n = 1/3 in an equation of the rules of thumb method. The geometrical similarity for scaling-up turned out to be unsatisfactory in this study. Thus, the working volume per one agitator was used for the scale-up. In the case of scale-up from a 1-1 reactor to a 100-1 reactor, the hydrolysis of palm kernel was very much scaled-up by initiating the rules of thumb method. However, the hydrolysis of fat and beef tallow in a 100-1 reactor was a little higher than that of the 1-1 reactor because of the difference of geometrical similarity. The scale-up of hydrolysis from the 100-1 reactor to the 10,000-1 reactor was improved compared to that of the 1-1 to 100-1 reactor. The present results indicated that the scale-up of hydrolysis in the oil-water system by the rules of thumb method was more satisfactory under the condition of geometrical similarity. Even in the case where geometrical similarity was not satisfactory, the working volume per one agitator could be used for the scale-up of a heterogeneous enzyme reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

Scale is agglomerate or thin film compounded of soluble salts in papermaking process. It causes many problems such as closing up pipelines, contaminating wire and felt, decreasing efficiency of additives and paper quality. In this study, physical factors related to forming scale in white water are determinated and optimum conditions are proposed. To control scale, ACP(Acrylacid Copolymer) was synthesized and compared with conventional chemicals such as EDTA, DTPA and STPP.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of agitation, aeration and scale-up on the mycelial growth, exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production, and mycelial morphology in the liquid culture of Ganoderma lucidum. A correlation between roughness and operating variables was also studied to scale-up the liquid culture of G. lucidum in a jar fermenter. When the agitation speed or aeration rate increased, the morphological form was changed from rough pellet to smooth pellet form. Increase of the agitation and aeration reduced the mycelial roughness. On the other hand, in the case of pellet size, it was not affected by aeration. The higher EPS production was obtained at approximately 17% of roughness and mycelial pellet size of 3~5 mm. The morphology at each fermenter was closely correlated with kLa value, and it was found that similarity of morphology would be used as a criteria of scale-up for liquid culture of G. lucidum.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2001

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

The effects of culture conditions on succinic acid production and its possible scale-up have been studied. Mannheimia succiniciproducens LPK7, engineered for enhanced production of succinic acid and reduced by-product secretion, was used for the experiments. Mannheimia succiniciproducens LPK7 is a knock-out strain of wild type deficient in the ldhA, pflB, and pta-ackA genes, and is derived from Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E. Process optimization of factors including optimal temperature, pH, carbon source, and nitrogen source was performed to enhance the production of succinic acid in flasks. To observe scale-up effects, batch fermentation was carried out at various working volumes. At a working volume of 7.0 l, the final succinic acid concentration and yield were 15.4g/l and 0.86g/g. This result shows similar amount of succinic acid obtained in lab-scale fermentation, and it is possible to scale up to larger fermentors without major problems.