• Title/Summary/Keyword: Scale of Center

Search Result 5,672, Processing Time 0.04 seconds

Improvement of light extraction efficiency of display devices by using sub-wavelength scale structure

  • Kwon, Oh-Yung;Whang, Ki-Woong
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2009.10a
    • /
    • pp.1412-1414
    • /
    • 2009
  • It is suggested that the light extraction efficiency of the display device can be improved by adoption of periodic array of sub-wavelength scale structures. The relief of the total reflection has been investigated using the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). Various shape of the sub-wavelength scale structure allowed to have non vanishing transmittance for the light rays with the incident angle bigger than the critical angle.

  • PDF

Possibility & Limitation of 1D Nano Scale Electron Shielder (나노 구조물을 이용한 전자선 차폐 가능성과 한계 조사)

  • Ahn, Sung-Jun;Lee, Bum-Su;Kim, Chong-Yeal
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.109-112
    • /
    • 2007
  • The possibility and limitation of one dimensional nano scale electron shielder is briefly discussed. A Nano scale electron shielder will reduce the weight and size of shielding materials. However, practical application still requires further research. In this work, we discuss general problems related to nano scale electron shielder, by taking an arbitrary one dimensional potential barrier as an example.

  • PDF

Study of the Structure Change on Ion-Beam-Mixed CoPt Alloys.

  • Son, J.H.;Lee, Y.S.;Lim, K.Y.;Kim, T.G.;Chang, G.S.;Woo, J.J.;Whang, C.N.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
    • /
    • 1998.02a
    • /
    • pp.135-136
    • /
    • 1998
  • By the ion bombardment the original discrete layered structure is damaged and a uniformly mixed layer is formed by the intermixing of the films. Immediately after this dynamic cascade mixing a structure of this mixed layer is likely to be a mixture of randomly distributed atoms. Subsequently the mixed layered structure becomes a non-equilibrium structure such as the metastable pphase because the kinetic energies of the incident ions rappidly dissippate and host atoms within the collision cascade region are quenched from a highly energetic state. The formation of the metastable transition metal alloys using ion-beam-mixing has been extensively studied for many years because of their sppecific ppropperties that differ from those of bulk materials. in ion-beam-mixing the alloy or comppound is formed due to the atomic interaction between different sppecies during ion bombardment. in this study the metastable pphase formed by ion-beam-mixing pprocess is comppared with equilibrium one by arc-melting method by GXRD and XAS. Therfore we studied the fundamental characteristics of charge redistribution uppon alloying and formation of intermetallic comppounds. The multi-layer films were depposited on a wet-oxidized Si(100) substrate by sequential electron beam evapporation at a ppressure of less than 5$\times$10-7 Torr during depposition. These compprise 4 ppairs of Co and ppt layers where thicknesses of each layer were varied in order to change the alloy compposition.

  • PDF

Development and Validation of a Education Nurse Specialist-Led Education Satisfaction Scale for Nurses Working at Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards (교육전담간호사가 주도하는 교육 프로그램에 대한 간호·간병통합서비스 병동 간호사의 교육 만족도 측정 도구 개발 및 타당도 검정)

  • Shin, Na yeon;Lee, Seung Shin;Park, Min Jung;Park, Young Mi;Kim, Sung Kyung;Nam, Ga Hee
    • Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
    • /
    • v.26 no.3
    • /
    • pp.285-295
    • /
    • 2020
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a education nurse specialist-led educational satisfaction scale for nurses working at comprehensive nursing care service wards. Methods: A methodological study was conducted. A total of 237 nurses working at comprehensive nursing care service wards in a general hospital participated in this study. The scale was developed through literature reviews, in-depth interview, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, evaluation of construct validity, and extraction of final items. Analysis included exploratory factor analysis, pearson's analysis, and reliability analysis using cronbach's α. Results: The education nurse specialist-led educational satisfaction scale for nurses working at comprehensive nursing care service ward consisted of 21 items. Two factors (critical thinking disposition and clinical competency) were identified which explained 63.5% of the total variance. Cronbach's α of each factors were >.95. Conclusion: The results suggested that the education nurse specialist-led educational satisfaction scale for nurses working at comprehensive nursing care service wards demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. Items of the instrument can assess the level of satisfaction with regards to education led by education nurse specialist among nurses working at comprehensive nursing care service wards.

Nano/Micro Friction with the Contact Area (접촉 면적에 따른 나노/마이크로 마찰 특성)

  • Yoon Eui-Sung;Singh R. Arvind;Kong Hosung
    • Tribology and Lubricants
    • /
    • v.21 no.5
    • /
    • pp.209-215
    • /
    • 2005
  • Nano/micro friction with the contact area was studied on Si-wafer (100) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) film. Borosilicate balls of radii $0.32{\mu}m,\;0.5{\mu}m,\;1.25{\mu}m\;and\;2.5{\mu}m$ mounted on the top of AFM tip (NPS) were used for nano-scale contact and Soda Lime glass balls of radii 0.25mm, 0.5mm, 1mm were used for micro-scale contact. At nano-scale, the friction between ball and surface was measured with the applied normal load using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and at micro scale it was measured using ball-on flat type micro-tribotester. All the experiments were conducted at controlled conditions of temperature $(24\pm1^{\circ}C)$ and humidity $(45\pm5\%)$. Friction was measured as a function of applied normal load in the range of 0-160nN at nano scale and in the range of $1000{\mu}N,\; 1500{\mu}N,\;3000{\mu}N\;and\;4800{\mu}N$ at micro scale. Results showed that the friction at nano scale increased with the applied normal load and ball size for both kinds of samples. Similar behavior of friction with the applied normal load and ball size was observed for Si-wafer at micro scale. However, for DLC friction decreased with the ball size. This difference of in behavior of friction in DLC nano- and microscale was attribute to the difference in the operating mechanisms. The evidence of the operating mechanisms at micro-scale were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). At micro-scale, solid-solid adhesion was dominant in Silicon-wafer, while plowing in DLC. Contrary to the nano scale that shows almost a wear-less situation, wear was prominent at micro-scale. At nano- and micro-scale, effect of contact area on the friction was discussed with the different applied normal load and ball size.

Effects of Trauma Center Establishment on the Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury : A Retrospective Analysis from a Single Trauma Center in Korea

  • Kim, Jang Soo;Jeong, Sung Woo;Ahn, Hyo Jin;Hwang, Hyun Ju;Kyoung, Kyu-Hyouck;Kwon, Soon Chan;Kim, Min Soo
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.62 no.2
    • /
    • pp.232-242
    • /
    • 2019
  • Objective : To investigate the effects of trauma center establishment on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of trauma patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods : We enrolled 322 patients with severe trauma and TBI from January 2015 to December 2016. Clinical factors, indexes, and outcomes were compared before and after trauma center establishment (September 2015). The outcome was the Glasgow outcome scale classification at 3 months post-trauma. Results : Of the 322 patients, 120 (37.3%) and 202 (62.7%) were admitted before and after trauma center establishment, respectively. The two groups were significantly different in age (p=0.038), the trauma location within the city (p=0.010), the proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (p=0.001), and the emergency room stay time (p<0.001). Mortality occurred in 37 patients (11.5%). Although the preventable death rate decreased from before to after center establishment (23.1% vs. 12.5%), the difference was not significant. None of the clinical factors, indexes, or outcomes were different from before to after center establishment for patients with severe TBI (Glasgow coma scale score ${\leq}8$). However, the proportion of inter-hospital transfers increased and the time to emergency room arrival was longer in both the entire cohort and patients with severe TBI after versus before trauma center establishment. Conclusion : We confirmed that for patients with severe trauma and TBI, establishing a trauma center increased the proportion of ICU admissions and decreased the emergency room stay time and preventable death rate. However, management strategies for handling the high proportion of inter-hospital transfers and long times to emergency room arrival will be necessary.

A Study on Development of Evaluation Scale for Health-Grade of Families (가정건강성 평가도구 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Young-Keum;Park, Jeong-Yoon;Song, Hye-Rim
    • Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
    • /
    • v.15 no.1
    • /
    • pp.177-197
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was designed to develop the evaluation scale for health-grade of families. For this goal the related references and the programs of Healthy-Families-Center were analyzed. In the context with the goals and objects of programs in Healthy-Families-Center the index for the evaluation the health-grade of families was deducted. And the concrete items of health-grade of families in 3 parts(R: relation, M: management, E: environment) was discussed. In order to verify the validity and significance of the scale the survey for 200 samples was performed and the data from 191 samples was statistically analyzed. We suggested the application methods of this evaluation scale for health-grade of families. So the 8 types of families were came out: RME, RMe, RmE, rME, Rme, rMe, rmE, rme. Using this type of families the consulting and counselling for the enhancement of health-grade can be developed. We reached the conclusion that this evaluation scale has to be continuously developed and eleborated because the health-grade of families is one of the most important index for the effect of programs of Healthy Families Center.

  • PDF

A Design of Output Voltage Compensation Circuits for Bipolar Integrated Pressure Sensor (바이폴라 공정을 이용한 압력센서용 출력전압 보상회로의 설계)

  • Lee, Bo-Na;Kim, Kun-Nyun;Park, Hyo-Derk
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.7 no.5
    • /
    • pp.300-305
    • /
    • 1998
  • In this paper, integrated pressure sensor with calibration of offset voltage and full scale output and temperature compensation of offset voltage and full scale output were designed. The signal conditioning circuitry are designed that calibrate the offset voltage and full scale output to desired values and minimize the temperature drift of offset voltage and full scale output. Designed circuits are simulated using SPICE in a bipolar technology. The ion implanted resistor of different temperature coefficient were used to trimming the desired values. As a results, offset voltage was calibrated to 0.133V and the temperature drift of offset voltage was reduced to $42\;ppm/^{\circ}C$. Also, the full scale output was calibrated to 4.65V and the temperature coefficient of full scale output was reduced to $40ppm/^{\circ}C$ after temperature compensation.

  • PDF

A Clinical Study on the Case of Right Shoulder Pain occurred in Calclfic tendinitis (석회화건염(石灰華腱炎)으로 우견관절통증을 호소하는 여환 1례 임상경과 보고)

  • Kim, Nam-Hoon;Jang, Hee-Jae;Kim, Jin-Hwan;Hwang, Deok-Sang;Jang, Jun-Bock
    • Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.37-43
    • /
    • 2011
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study is to know the therapeutic effect of herbal-acupuncture on shoulder pain from calcific tendinitis. Methods : The patient who have the calcific tendinitis was treated by herbal-acupunture on 6 acupoints around right shoulder. The shoulder pain and dysfunction was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS). UCLA Shoulder rating Scale. and SPAI scale. Results : After treatment. all scales showed slightly improvement.. Conclusion : Herbal-acupuncture on shoulder joint was effective in short term study. We need more further study.

  • PDF

Development of Pre- and Post-processing System for Supercomputing-based Large-scale Structural Analysis (슈퍼컴퓨팅 기반의 대규모 구조해석을 위한 전/후처리 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Jae-Sung;Lee, Sang-Min;Lee, Jae-Yeol;Jeong, Hee-Seok;Lee, Seung-Min
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.123-131
    • /
    • 2012
  • The requirements for computational resources to perform the structural analysis are increasing rapidly. The size of the current analysis problems that are required from practical industry is typically large-scale with more than millions degrees of freedom (DOFs). These large-scale analysis problems result in the requirements of high-performance analysis codes as well as hardware systems such as supercomputer systems or cluster systems. In this paper, the pre- and post-processing system for supercomputing based large-scale structural analysis is presented. The proposed system has 3-tier architecture and three main components; geometry viewer, pre-/post-processor and supercomputing manager. To analyze large-scale problems, the ADVENTURE solid solver was adopted as a general-purpose finite element solver and the supercomputer named 'tachyon' was adopted as a parallel computational platform. The problem solving performance and scalability of this structural analysis system is demonstrated by illustrative examples with different sizes of degrees of freedom.