Tribology and Lubricants

Korean Tribology Society (한국트라이볼로지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Nano/Micro Friction with the Contact Area

접촉 면적에 따른 나노/마이크로 마찰 특성

  • Yoon Eui-Sung (Tribology Research Center, KIST) ;
  • Singh R. Arvind (Tribology Research Center, KIST) ;
  • Kong Hosung (Tribology Research Center, KIST)
  • 윤의성 (한국과학기술연구원 트라이볼로지 연구센터) ;
  • ;
  • 공호성 (한국과학기술연구원 트라이볼로지 연구센터)
  • Published : 2005.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Nano/micro friction with the contact area was studied on Si-wafer (100) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) film. Borosilicate balls of radii $0.32{\mu}m,\;0.5{\mu}m,\;1.25{\mu}m\;and\;2.5{\mu}m$ mounted on the top of AFM tip (NPS) were used for nano-scale contact and Soda Lime glass balls of radii 0.25mm, 0.5mm, 1mm were used for micro-scale contact. At nano-scale, the friction between ball and surface was measured with the applied normal load using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and at micro scale it was measured using ball-on flat type micro-tribotester. All the experiments were conducted at controlled conditions of temperature $(24\pm1^{\circ}C)$ and humidity $(45\pm5\%)$. Friction was measured as a function of applied normal load in the range of 0-160nN at nano scale and in the range of $1000{\mu}N,\; 1500{\mu}N,\;3000{\mu}N\;and\;4800{\mu}N$ at micro scale. Results showed that the friction at nano scale increased with the applied normal load and ball size for both kinds of samples. Similar behavior of friction with the applied normal load and ball size was observed for Si-wafer at micro scale. However, for DLC friction decreased with the ball size. This difference of in behavior of friction in DLC nano- and microscale was attribute to the difference in the operating mechanisms. The evidence of the operating mechanisms at micro-scale were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). At micro-scale, solid-solid adhesion was dominant in Silicon-wafer, while plowing in DLC. Contrary to the nano scale that shows almost a wear-less situation, wear was prominent at micro-scale. At nano- and micro-scale, effect of contact area on the friction was discussed with the different applied normal load and ball size.

Keywords

References

  1. Bhushan, B., 'Tribology on the macroscale to nanoscale of microelectromechanical system materials,' Proc Instn Engrs, ImechE Part J., Vol. 215, pp. 1-18, 2001
  2. Komvopoulos, K., 'Head-disk interface contact mechanics for Ultrahigh density magnetic recording,' Wear, Vol. 238, pp. 1-11, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00333-6
  3. Komvopoulos, K., 'Surface engineering and microtribology for microelectromechanical systems,' Wear, Vol. 200, pp. 305-327, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(96)07328-0
  4. Maboudian, R. and Howe, R. T., 'Critical review: Adhesion in surface micromechanical structure,' J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Vol. 15, No.1, pp. 1-20, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.589247
  5. Bhushan, B., Kulkarni, A.V., Koinkar, V. N., 'Microtribological characterization of self-assembled and langmuir-blodgett monolayers by atomic and friction force microscopy,' Langmuir, Vol. 11, pp. 3189-3198, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1021/la00008a052
  6. Memming, R., Tolle, H.J. and Wierenga, P.E., 'Properties of polymeric layers of hydrogenated amorphous carbon produced by a plasma-activated chemical vapour deposition process II: Tribological and mechanical properties,' Thin Solid Films, Vol. 143, pp. 31-41, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(86)90144-6
  7. Grill, A., 'Review of the tribology of diamond-like carbon,' Wear, Vol. 168, pp. 143-153, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(93)90210-D
  8. Zhao, Z. and Bhushan, B., 'Tribological performance of PFPE and X-1P lubricants at head-disk interface. Part I. Experimental results,' Tribology Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 129-139, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019111723677
  9. Ando, Y. and Ino, J., 'Friction and pull-off forces on submicron-size asperities,' Wear, Vol. 216, pp. 115-122, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00158-0
  10. Ando, Y., 'The effect of relative humidity on friction and pull-off forces measured on submicron-size asperity arrays,' Wear, Vol. 238, pp. 12-19, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00334-8
  11. Bhushan, B. and Sundararajan, S., 'Micro/Nanoscale Friction and Wear mechanisms of thin films using atomic force and friction force microscopy,' Acta mater., Vol. 46, No. 11, pp. 3793-3804, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00062-7
  12. Bhushan, B. and Dandavate, C., 'Thin-film friction and adhesion studies using atomic force microscopy,' Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 1201-1210, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.371998
  13. Lee, K.-R., Eun, K. Y. and Rhee, J. S., 'Structure and mechanical properties of nitrogen incorporated diamond-like carbon films,' Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 356, pp. 233-238, 1995
  14. Ruan, J. and Bhushan, B., 'Atomic scale friction measurments using friction force microscopy : part II,' ASME J. Tribol., Vol. 116, pp. 378-388, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2927240
  15. Bhushan, B. and Kulkarni, A. V., 'Effect of normal load on microscale friction measurements,' Thin Solid Films, Vol. 278, pp. 49-56, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(95)08138-0
  16. Liu, H., Ahmed, I.-U. and Scherge, M., 'Microtribological properties of silicon and silicon coated with diamond like carbon, octadecyltrichlorosilane and steric acid cadmiun salt films: A comparitive study,' Thin Solid Films, Vol. 381, pp. 135-142, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01546-7
  17. Bowden, F. P., Tabor, D., Friction and Lubrication, Londone, Methuen, 1956
  18. Johnson, K. L., Kendall, K. and Roberts, A. D., 'Surface energy and contact of elastic solid,' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, Vol. 324, pp. 301-313, 1971
  19. Gardos, M. N., 'Surface chemistry-controlled tribological behaviour of Si and Diamond,' Tribology Letters, Vol. 2, pp. 173, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00160974
  20. Bhushan, B., Modern Tribology Handbook, Vol 2, CRC Press, pp. 871-908, 2001
  21. Kim, D. S., Fischer, T. E. and Gallois, B., 'The effects of oxygen and humidity on friction and wear of diamond-like carbon films,' Surf. Coatings Technol., Vol. 49, pp. 537-542, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(91)90113-B
  22. Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D., The friction and lubrication of solids, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 90-121, 1950