• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop health promotion programs for middle aged women and to identify the adaptability and the effectiveness of the program in order to provide a model for health promotion programs as a basis for nursing intervention. The research design was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control-group pretest -posttest design. The data were collected from October 30 to December 11, 1996. The study subjects were middle aged women residing in Chonju city, with ages from 40 to 59. The experimental group consisted of 42 subjects who were recruited through announcements of the local newspaper. The control group consisted of 49 subjects who were mothers of nursing college students. The health promotion program for middle aged women was based on the Bandura's self efficacy theory and Pender's heath promotion behavior theory consisting of exercise and heath diaries as performance accomplishments as well as education and group sessions as verbal persuasion and vicarious experiences. The study program was provided for 6 weeks, 3 hours a day per week. There was a pretest before the program and a posttest after the 6 week program. The instruments used for the study were a Self Efficacy Scale and a Health Promotion Behavior Scale developed by Park(1995). The data analysis was done by the use of a SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. In the analysis of the homogeneity between the experimental and control groups, there were significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics, self efficacy and health promotion behavior. There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in occupation, the number of children, and the status of involvement in social activities. 2. The first hypothesis, 'The level of self efficacy of the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group.' was supported(F=10.154, p=.002). The second hypothesis, 'The degree of health promotive behaviors in the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group.' was supported(F=17.349, p=.000). 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the self efficacy and the health promotion behaviors in pretest and posttests (pretest: r=.732, p=.000 ; posttest : r=.754, p=.000). 4. The significant variables for health promotion behaviors were religion(t= -1.97, p=.05), family income(F=4.85, p=.00), education level (F=6.38, p=.00) and involvement in social activities(t= -3.06, p=.00) in socio-demographic characteristics. In summary, a heath promotion program based on self efficacy theory has made an improvement on health promotion behaviors. Also, the results show that the higher the level of self efficacy, the better the health promotion is in middle aged women. The study has proved that nurses can provide nursing intervention for the improvement of health promotion in middle aged women through the adaptation of a program increasing the subject's self efficacy level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.502-514
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of direct class II sandwich restoration with packable composites(P-60), resin modified glass ionomer cement(Fuji-II LC), flowable compomer(Dyract Flow), flowable composites(Filtek Flow) in comparison with total bond restorations. In addition, for sandwich restorations, influence of different sandwich techniques was also evaluated. Large butt-joint box typed class II cavites with cervical margins 1mm below the cemento-enamel junction were cut into 70 extracted human molars. The cavities(7 groups, n=10) were filled using a closed/open sandwich restoration or total bond restoration technique with materials according to the manufacturer's recommandation using the single-component bonding agent for each system. Teeth were thermocycled 500 times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$ with 30-second dwell time. The teeth were then coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in a 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with diamond wheel. Sections were examined with a stereoscope to determine the extent of microleakage. Dentine /Cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on scale of 0(no leakage) to 4(entire axial wall) and interface between materials, on scale of 0(no leakage) to 3(axial wall). Results were evaluated with Kruskal Wallis Test, corrected for ties, to determine whether there were statistically significant differences among the seven groups. Pairs of groups were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls Method and Dunn s Method. The results were as follows : 1. All groups showed some micoleakage in cervical portion. But there were no microleakage in interface between materials. 2. Closed sandwich restorations with Fuji-II LC and Filtek Flow had significantly lower leakage rating than total restorations with only P-60. However, open sandwich restorations with Dyract Flow showed significantly higher (P<0.05) 3. Closed sandwich restorations had significantly lower leakage rating than total restorations. However open sandwich restoration s showed significantly higher (P<0.05). 4. Sandwich restorations with Fuji-II LC were iou$.$or leakage than only P-60. Filtek Flow, Dyract Flow. But there were no statistically differences among the materials. From the results above, it could be concluded, closed sandwich restorations was effective in reducing microleakage of class II restorations. The best results showing the least microleakage were for the closed sandwich technique with Fuji-II LC and Filtek Flow.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the progress of treatment and improve clinical use after conducting Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, the main technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, for a patient with panic disorder. Methods: We conducted a Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind for 10 sessions on an age 23 female diagnosed with panic disorder based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. After receiving consent from the subject, through chart review, the progress of treatment was observed focusing on the MMPI-2 and CSEI-s (The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form) conducted pre- and post-treatment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital (WMCSB202007-55). Results: 1. The MMPI-2 clinical scales of an age 23 female with panic disorder showed a 7 (Pt)-1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile pre-treatment, but for post-treatment, the scale showed 1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile, and the 7 (Pt) scale showed significant decline. In the MMPI-2 reconstructed clinical scales, RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions) and RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) showed significant decline. 2. In the pre- and post-treatment MMPI-2 content scales, Anxiety, Fears, Obsessiveness, Social Discomfort, and Work Interference scores decreased, showing overall positive stability. On the MMPI-2 supplementary scales, the Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder scores decreased, and the Ego Strength increased, resulting in improved overall psychological adaptation. 3. Pre- and post-treatment of an age 23 female with panic disorder, CSEI-s showed significant decline of 恐, 驚, 悲, and 思. So it seems that the emotions caused by Chiljeongsang (七情傷) were more stable than before treatment. Conclusions: As shown above, the treatment of panic disorder through Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, a major technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, showed positive changes in MMPI-2 as well as improvement of the subjective symptoms. Thus, Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind has high clinical use, and it seems that it is necessary to create a manual for this in the future.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2013

This study estimates the economic impact of sea-level rise on Jeju island and suggests the optimal protection level based on the FUND model. There exist a number of studies that estimate the impacts of sea-level rise on global scale, but their results are of limited use for local scale such as Korea. Therefore, this study applies some specific indicators and data of Korea into to FUND model for deriving site specific estimates. The results show that 2.01%~2.25% of land could be inundated by sea-level rise until 2100. The value of affected land is about 6.4%~7.2% of total land value. The discrepancy between the figures indicates that the area affected by sea-level rise is much more valuable than the rest of Jeju island. The optimal protection level in Jeju city is higher than that in Seguipo city, even though the coastal length of Jeju city is longer than that of Seguipo. This is due to the fact that the economic value of Jeju city is much higher than that of Seoguipo city.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.884-890
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• 2010

To examine the effects of horticultural occupational therapy (HOT) on the physical and psychological rehabilitation of stroke patients with paralysis on one side of the body, a horticultural therapy (HT) program was implemented along with occupational therapy (OT) in 20 patients with hemiplegia after stroke (treatment group). In the control group, another 20 patients with hemiplegia after stroke received OT but no HT. The HOT program consisted of various indoor horticultural activities that proceeded stepwise on a weekly basis over the course of four weeks. The selected horticultural occupations were organized into four-phases: motivation, adaptation, sociality, and interpersonal relationships and communication. The grooved pegboard test (GPT), geriatric depression scale (GDS), and functional independent measure (FIM) were tested to the patients in this study. Unlike control group, the treatment group showed statistically significant differences in GPT, GDS, and FIM ($p$<0.001). In addition, communication, social cognition, and self-care scores as FIM subordinate factors were improved significantly by HOT program which motivated patients to engage in rehabilitation therapy. This finding suggests that HOT has the potential to be used as an OT program for stroke patients with hemiplegia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 2005

J sewage treatment plant (WWTP) in Busan has used methanol as an external carbon source for the biological denitrification process. Methanol is widely used. but rather expensive and very dangerous in handling. Therefore, it has been required that the economic alternative carbon source must be developed. By-product from a fine chemical industry can be Purified by removing high molecular weight substances using the ultrafilter membrane separation process and RBDCOD fraction becomes $98{\sim}99%$ of COD substances in the purified by-product. The purified by-product containing three types of alcohols, methanol, prophylenglycol and methoxypropanol; showed similar chemical characteristics to the methanol, a main external carbon source, in biodegradation pathway. Shown above, the compatibility between main and alternative carbon sources has been achieved. Also very short or no adaptation period is necessary in the case of exchanging these carbon sources. The compatibility between external carbon sources is an essential element for stabilizing WWTP operations. During the full-scale application test of the by-product, the alternative carbon source line got on par with the treatment efficiency of the methanol line. With the test result, J-WWTP changed methanol to a fine chemical by-product, in two out of three J-WWTP lines. Moreover, it is expected that 55.4% of the external carbon source cost reduction can be achieved in the alternative carbon source applied lines.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2001

The purpose of the descriptive correlation study was to examine relations among the hope, the burden and the family function in mothers caring for children with cancer. 145 mothers completed the three questionaires of the study divided into tree sections: a) The Hope Scale, b) The Burden Scale, c) FACES-Ⅲ. The collected data was analysed with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of mothers of children with cancer was 35.6 years old and the ages between 30 to 39 were the most abundant. 57.3％ of the mothers had an education level of below high school education and 66.0％ had religion. The average age of the children was 8.6 years old. Ages between 1 to 7 were the most and 60.8％ were diagnosed as leukemia. 2) Regarding the section of degree of burden, mothers of children with cancer marked 2.6 out of 5, and the degree of hope 3.2 out of 4. The result for family function came out to be 3.5 out of 5, an average of family cohesion of 3.9 and family adaptation of 3.1. 3) There were significantly less burden to the mothers who were living together with a spouse compared to the mothers who were not. Also mothers who replied that they preserved good health came out to be exposed to less burden compared to the mothers who did not. In analysing hope according to the general characteristics of mothers of children with cancer, mothers who were employed marked high in the degree of hope compared to unemployed mothers. Furthermore, the degree of family cohesion marked higher with mothers who had higher education of college graduate, mothers with religion and mothers with a monthly family income of over ￦3,000,000, compared to the group of mothers with lower education of high school graduate, non-religious or with a monthly family income of less than ￦1,000,000. 4) Excluding the fact that the group sorted with children diagnosed as leukemia marked a perceivably high score regarding family cohesion, compared to groups with other cancers, the degree of burden, hope and family cohesion did not show any noticeable difference according to characteristics of children with different cancers. 5) In the correlation of the hope, the burden and the family function regarding the mothers of children with cancer, the burden did not have any manifest relationship with hope or family function. However, the degree of hope and family function cohesion had a direct proportional relationship, as family cohesion marked higher when the degree of hope were high.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.985-1007
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• 2012

The achievement motivations of science gifted students are very important in becoming experts who achieve high level. In this study, 77 8th graders of Science Gifted Education Center were divided into highly motivated and low motivated groups. Multidimensional Perfectionism, Self-Concept, Parenting Behaviors Scale were compared between these 2 groups, and predicting variables were verified through regression analysis. As a result, highly motivated students received higher scores on Perfectionism, self-directed Perfectionism, and other-directed Perfectionism. Self-concept scores were higher on factors of body, moral, personalities, social, and abilities as well. In Parenting Behaviors Scale, only the father's affection factor was influenced. The result of regression analysis revealed that self-directed Perfectionism, social self-concept, and moral self-concept had meaningful predictions. In parameter verification, partially mediated effect of self-directed Perfectionism and social self-concept was verified in the relationship between father's affection factor and achievement motivation. This study confirmed that self-directed Perfectionism of science gifted students has positive effects on adaptation. The importance of social and moral education and the father's affection were found as well.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

In the process of adapting climate change, the government needs to provide policy and technical support necessary for growing promising crops imported from abroad. Therefore, this study was conducted to survey and analyze the conditions of growth of imported foreign crops and to derive response tasks. As a result, tropical and subtropical vegetables were cultivated 18 crops in 920 farms in 321 ha area (in 2015 year). The cultivation scale decreased in the order of Curcuma aromatica, Momordica charantia, Asparagus aethiopicus, Allium hookeri and Herbs. Tropical and subtropical fruits were cultivated 9 crops in 264 farms in 106.5 ha area (in 2015 year). Special and medicinal crops introduced abroad cultivated 10 crops in 753 farms in 276.3 ha area (in 2015 year). The cultivation scale decreased in the order of Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lepidium meyenii and Moringa oleifera. For the stable settlement of domestic growth of tropical and subtropical crops introduced abroad, there should be safety and economic feasibility in terms of the cultivation environment according to the domestic culture adaptation test. Consideration needs to be given to the use of locally grown products in Korea, the securing of distribution and sales markets, and the competitiveness of imported products.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.27-41
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• 2018

Objective : This study implemented occupation-based practice as a group program for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, and investigated the quality of occupational performance, performance and satisfaction, and efficacy levels of the program. Methods : ADOC-S(Aid for Decision making in Occupation Choice-School) and COPM(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) were used to establish common meaningful occupational goals for 10 children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. After occupational analysis of the 'subway use', the Performance Quality Rating Scale(PQRS) were used to evaluate the quality of occupational performance. Occupation-based interventions were implemented by participants individually performing meaningful occupations in the most natural and real-life environments as possible. The trial consisted of 1 session of pre-intervention assessments, 8 sessions of intervention, where a single session of 100 minutes is provided once a week. Post-intervention evaluation was conducted over one session. Results : The quality of occupational performance by PQRS was 38.10 higher than before intervention. The occupation-based intervention as a group program used the maintain and modify(compensation, adaptation) approaches and acquisition model. In the early stages of intervention (1 to 4 sessions), the occupational performance was greatly improved. The performance level of COPM increased by 5.80 and the satisfaction level was increased by 7.00. In addition, high scores were found in program satisfaction through parental interview. Conclusion : The results of implementing occupation-based interventions to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities showed increase in quality of occupational performance, performance, and satisfaction along with positive effects of satisfaction levels for the program.