• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2002

Cultivation of Pholiota adiposa on sawdust media and its mixed substrates with various agricultural by-products was attempted. The composition of each substrates were compared from the viewpoint of cultivation possibilities with the production of Pholiota adiposa. Populus deltoides showed the best production of the mushroom with 795 g, followed by Robinia pseudo-acacia and Quercus acutissima. The mixed sawdust media with 70% of Robinia pseudo-acacia and 30% of Populus deltoides showed the best production of the mushroom with 265 g followed by the mixture of Robinia pseudo-acacia and Populus deltoides with 50% each with 228 g, while the addition of Quercus acutissima showed the negative effect for the production of Pholiota adiposa. Thus, Robinia pseudo-acacia was considered to be an effective amendment for the production of the mushroom. In addition, various kinds of agricultural by-products showed additive effect for the production of the mushroom, too. Therefore, we could concluded that the sawdust of Robinia pseudo-acacia and agricultural by-products can be used to cultivate Pholiota adiposa.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1976

The studies were carried out to examine the effects of supplementation of nutritional substances and physical conditions in substrate on the mycelial growth and yield of fresh sporophores of winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes(Curt. ex Fr.) Sing. and to obtain further informations on the nutritional requirements of the fungus with reference to improvement of substrate through [analysis of chemical composition of the substrates during the cultivation period. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The best yield of fresh sporophores, 84.4 g per 280 g substrate in a bottle, was obtained from the mixture of poplar sawdust 10 and rice bran 3 by volume when Flammulina velutipes was cultivated on the poplar sawdust supplemented by rice bran, wheat bran, cattle manure and various combinations of these materials as nutrient sources. The substrates of poplar sawdust 10 plus rice bran 3 and 2 or wheat bran 3 with a higher yield of fresh sporophores showed a comparatively higher content of total nitrogen. total sugar, and potassium. 2. The mycelial growth of the fungus was compared on the substrates of poplar sawdust supplemented by the several nutrient sources and poplar sawdust alone. The fastest linear growth occurred on substrates of poplar sawdust alone and poplar sawdust plus cattle manure deficient in sugar and nitrogen sources, but mycelial density was more sparse on the substrates. Also, growth in a solution extracted from these substrates was very meager. 3. In the substrates which varied with bulk density and moisture content optimum bulk density and moisture content for mycelial growth was 0.2g/cc and 72% on a dry weight basis, respectively, but the highest yield of fresh sporophores was obtained at the bulk density of 0.3g/cc and moisture content of 67%. 4. By increasing the ratio of rice bran in poplar sawdust the loss of total weight and ash, content at each stage was increased, and during the cultivation period of 75 days, loss of total weight of the substrates at inoculation was 17.8 to 28.8% and ash content increased about 12%. 5. 11 to 14% of the cellulose and 3 to 4% of the lignin content per original substrate were decreased without a great difference depending of the mixing ratio of rice bran. The soluble glucose concentration in the substrates was increased during the same period. 6. In the process of vegetative and reproductive growth of the fungus upon the substrates, the total nitrogen was increased in quantity per dry weight of sample but was reduced in absolute quantity to a minute extent. There is no great changes in content of organic nitrogen including amino acid nitrogen, and hydrolysable ammonium nitrogen during the vegetative growth period, but occurrence of sporophores resulted in a decrease in the nitrogen content of these forms. On the one hand, by an increase of additive amounts of rice bran, nitrogen contents of these forms were higher and the reduction range during the reproductive growth period became wider. 7. Mycelial growth of the fungus was accelerated in various liquid media supplemented with organic nitrogen sources such as peptone and yeast extract in comparison with addition of inorganic nitrogen sources. Furthermore, mycelial growth was mere vigorous in the media with higher content of organic nitrogen sources.

• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2003

Cultural characteristics and phylogenic relationships were investigated and classified among collected strains in Pholiota spp. which contain P. adiposa, P. squarrosa, P. nameko etc. They were tested on the four different media(PDA, MCM, YM, MEA) and sawdust(Alder, Oak, Pine, Popular) substrates. There was a little variation according to the media and sawdust substrates, although PDA and popular sawdust substrate seemed to be better. Most strains showed white colonies, but some strains were brown. Mycelial growth length differed according to the strains. To classify species, the internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS) of the ribosomal DNA(rDNA) repeats from Pholiota spp. were amplified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and then sequenced. According to the analysis of ITS sequences, they were classified into five clusters. Their spacer regions were $644{\sim}700$ nucleotides in length. The reciprocal homologies of each ITS region among these strains were ranged from $49.6{\sim}99.9%$. The phylogenic analysis might give a criterion to classify species in the collected strains.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2014

In this study, we attempted to find substitute materials for bottle cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus such as poplar sawdust. The chemical characters of mixture substrates with albasia, poplar and douglas fir sawdust were not different significantly. Incubation period was shorter in the albasia sawdust 50% treatment than in the albasia sawdust 100% treatment. The yield and bio-efficiency of fruit-body albasia sawdust 50% treatment, were similar to the poplar 100% and douglas fir 100% treatment. Therefore, it was suggested that albasia sawdust 50% treatment could be substituted for poplar and douglas fir sawdust for bottle cultivation of P. ostreatus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2007

Comparison of fruit bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivar chunchu No .2 grown on the sawdust, rice straw and cotton waste substrates revealed differences in the pattern of differentiation of hyphal compartments. Required period for primordium induction of fruit bodies grown on sawdust substrate was 13 days. Physical structure shown as hardness of stipes grown on the sawdust substrate, fruit bodies were harden than control. Pileocystidia were well developed on the surface of pileus in the fruit body cultivated on rice straw. Microstructures of fruit body grown on the sawdust and cotton wastes substrates shown fast-discharge of basidiospore and sytoms ageing. Hyphae of fruit bodies formed on sawdust substrate had less stainable cytoplasmic material and many more vacuoles than hyphae of fruit bodies formed on synthetic substrate with 50% of pine sawdust, 30% of cotton seed hull and 20 of beet pulp(control).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

We investigated the effect of different media components on the characteristics and productivity of Lentinula edodes cultivated in sawdust. Ten substrates were used for this study. Soybean and cotton seed meal were unsuitable substrates as fungal mycelia did not grow to maturity during the incubation period. Lentinula edodes (NIFoS culture number 2462) was grown on the ten substrates, and soybean hull, mixed medium, cotton seed hull and corn grain showed greater effect on the productivity than wheat bran. However, wheat bran induced higher productivity in NIFoS 2778 than the other substrates. Sawdust medium with soybean meal produced smaller fruiting bodies than the other substrates. In contrast, corn meal media produced larger mushrooms than the other substrates. The external characteristics of the mushrooms varied based on the substrates upon which they were grown. This is not surprising given that the substrates differed with respect to carbohydrate and protein content, e.g., cotton seed and soybean meal contained a higher crude protein and crude ash than the other substrates tested.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2022

In this study, the physical properties of the medium and changes in the wood chemical composition of the sawdust were investigated during the cultivation of oak mushroom sawdust bags, and the following results were obtained. After inoculation, the weight of the medium decreased during the incubation period. It is determined that this is not due to evaporation of moisture containing the medium or decomposition of sawdust, but to decomposition of rice bran, a low molecular substance added to the medium. It was confirmed that the moisture content of the medium was steadily increased during incubation, and it was estimated that the organic substrates such as rice brane in the medium was decomposed by mycelium, and water, one of the decomposition products of organic substrates, caused an increase in the moisture content of the medium. Along with the increase in the harvest of oak mushrooms, the proportion of organic substances such as holocellulose and lignin, the main components of the wood cell wall of sawdust, steadily decreased. In particular, the degradation characteristics of the wood cell wall component of shiitake, which is a white rot fungi, were confirmed by higher lignin reduction rate than that of holocellulose. On the other hand, ash, which is an inorganic material, increased with an increase in the number of mushroom harvests. The increase in the amount of ash in the medium may have been due to the decrease in the organic matter content such as holocellulose and lignin.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2014

The experiments were conducted to provide information on the chemical concentrations and cultural characteristics in the periods of hyphal incubation, primordial formation, and fruiting bodies yield of winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes at the mixture ratio of the raw materials. Substrates were analyzed for pH, total carbon (T-C), total nitrogen (T-N), and C/N ratio. In case of Flammulina velutipes, yield of fruiting bodies were 190.5 g/850 ml in the substrates, [Corn-cob + Rice bran + Soybean curd residue (75:20:5)], which was increased 20.4% more than the control, [Douglas fir sawdust + Rice bran (75:25)]. But the periods of hyphal incubation took 28 days, which was 7 days longer than the control. Also, in the substrates [Douglas fir sawdust + Rice bran + Soybean curd residue (75:20:5)], the yields was 172.7 g/850 ml and the periods of hyphal incubation was 21 days.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop optimum sawdust medium for bottle cultivation of Pholiota adiposa. Five kinds of sawdust media were tested. Period of primordial formation was shorter 1-5 days in T3 and in T4 than in other treatments. Total cultivation period was 3-5 days longer in treatments including oak sawdust than in T5, treatment of poplar+rice bran(8:2). Stipe diameter, stipe length, and number of valid stipe were the biggest in T3. Yield of fruiting body was increased 33% in T3 and 12% in T4, respectively compared to T1 as control. Therefore, T3, treatment of oak sawdust+beet pulf+cottonseed meal(5:3:2), would be appropriate for the commercial production of Pholiota adiposa by bottle cultivation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 1981

Three edible species and one species utilized as drug were selected from wild mushrooms collected from mountains and fields throughout Korea during 1977 to 1979 for artificial cultivation. The media, MES for G. lucidum, MHS for P. rudis and MSES and MHS for P. adipose and Pluteus sp. were selected. The range of optimum pH was 4.0 to 5.0 in citric acid-sodium phosphate dibasic for the tested species. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum and P. adiposa was 25 to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$ for P. rudis and Pluteus sp. For the moisture content 75 to 80% (w/w) in the substrates, the mycelial growth of most tested species was rapid. As the spawning substrates, poplar sawdust for G. lucidum and Pluteus sp., oak sawdust for P. rudis and wheat for P. adipose were selected, respectively. In this experiment, the fruit bodies of all tested species were appeared. Among them, G. lucidum for medicinal purpose and P. adiposa and Pluteus sp. for sources of new edible mushrooms seems to be possible. However, the sporophores of P. rudis were not adequate as an edible mushroom for the commercial due to the leathery flesh.