• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.209-239
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of Korean port investment by using the newly developed slack-based multi-year panel congestion model of DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). Inputs[port investment amount, cargo handling capacity, and berthing capacity], and outputs[cargo handling amount, number of ship calls, revenue, and score of customer service satisfaction] are used during 1994-2004 for 20 Korean seaports. Empirical analysis identified congestion especially in port investment as input at the ports of Gunsan, and Busan in the all 3 models, and the ports of Pyungtag, Mogpo, Yeosu, and leju in over 2 models. Port investment induced the rapid increase of port efficiency from the ports of Masan, Incheon, Donghae, and Samcheok. Therefore other ports except these ports should examine the reason about the inefficiency of port investment by searching out the situation of each ports directly. The main policy implication based on the findings of this study is that The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in Korea should introduce the new measurement way after reviewing the multi-year slack-based congestion approach when the amount of port investment for each port is decided.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.921-932
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• 2006

Management to improve beef tenderness is always been a historical idea, but during the recent past it has become an issue of prime importance to the meat scientists and the industries as well. Variation in tenderness is the prime explanation for consumer’s dissatisfaction for the concern meat. It has been well documented that both postmortem proteolysis and sarcomere length have significant effect on meat tenderness and its consistency. Electrical stimulation and tenderstretch techniques have been used by a number of countries to underpin carcass quality assurance schemes focused on eating quality. The mechanism(s) by which the postmortem interventions improve tenderness (or prevent toughness) has not been fully elucidated. However, it is evident that electrical stimulation accelerates the development of rigor mortis so that prevention of cold shortening is possible and ageing commences at higher temperatures. On the other hand, tendersretch appears to prevent meat toughness via placing tension of the myofibrils and connective matrix during rigor development. Previous findings indicated that electrical stimulation and tenderstretch improved beef tenderness even for fattened cattle under moderate chilling conditions. Recent studies demonstrate beef tenderness to be one of the most important factors determining satisfaction levels of Korean beef consumers. There are number of studies which reported that electrical stimulation and tenderstretch techniques improved Hanwoo tenderness and color. It is believed that the techniques are mostly useful wherein controls of carcass size, fatness and/or chilling regimes are not easy such as Korean beef industry. However, Korean beef industry is one such area where postmortem intervention techniques have not been adopted so far. Taking into consideration of the Korean beef industry, wherein carcass size and fatness varies the post-slaughter intervention technique could be the most feasible measurement to ensure eating quality. The manuscript attempts to highlight the current knowledge aiming primarily towards the assurance of beef tenderness.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.373-382
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• 2006

In this study, emotional word logging software,'VideoTAME' was developed as an effective measurement tool for complementing the current psychological measuring methods. With the software, we measured the user's emotional changes while they interact with a product. The main goal of this study is to reveal the influence of usability on human emotions by analyzing the user's emotional changes while using a product. In this research, we asked 30 subjects to examine their emotional changes with watching the video clip recorded when they performed a series of tasks with a cellular phone in the experiment room. The results of this research indicated that negative emotion such as 'Uncomfortalbeness' was elicited mostly while they performed tasks which were difficult due to usability problems. On the other hand, positive emotion such as 'Satisfaction in Usability' was elicited for tasks which were easy to perform because of good usability. The reason for the user's emotional changes while they interact with a product can be assumed that the emotional changes were caused by specific situations they face when performing a task rather than the characteristics of task itself. We expect to clarify how usability of a product impact user's emotions in depth with more data collected and analyzed with the help of 'VideTAME'.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to achieve an acceptable piggyback fit utilizing each subject's own GP lenses, in subjects with regular low myopic astigmatism. Methods: A randomized, prospective study of 15 subjects with the diagnosis of low myopic astigmatism was conducted. Nine subjects were female and 6 were male, and mean age was: 23.73${\pm}$1.68 years. Subjects were evaluated before participate on this study and then also evaluated with period of at two hours and two weeks after obtaining their lenses. All subjects were submitted to the following tests: measurement of comfort level by means of the analogical visual scale, best corrected visual acuity and over-refraction at distance. contrast sensitivity and stereo acuity. After evaluating the fit of plano soft lens, we applied each subject's own GP lens on top. Results: Vision, visual performance and satisfaction of piggyback contact lens system were stable, if not improved, for the 15 subjects when the data was compared to the patients' wear of rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Fit with a piggyback system had the same or improved comfort, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity compared to previous GP lens wear alone. The visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereo acuity did not show differences in relation to the studied lens type. Conclusions: These results suggest that it is possible to achieve a successful piggyback lens fitting utilizing a patient's own GP lens. The piggyback lens system satisfied the visual performance and visual requirements of this subject with GP lens alone for the correction of low myopic astigmatism.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

Purpose - Recent rapid environmental changes in the hospital industry are accelerating the spread of customer satisfaction management. Customers' desires have become diversified and advanced; in the past, customers tended to preferred popularized and standardized care, whereas they now prefer individualized and differentiated care, based on an increase in income. Specifically, this study tries to analyze the mediating effects of factors that affect the configuration portion of customer value and relationship quality (customer trust and relationship commitment) by investigating the impacts and configuration factor of customer value on relationship quality and determining how these factors impact customer loyalty directly or indirectly. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to determine the customer value factors that impact the perceptions of dental hospital customers, how these factors impact relationship quality and customer loyalty, and the causal relationship of these factors, and to verify the research model based on previous research. To increase the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the authors of this study constructed basic questions using measurement tools already verified for reliability and validity in existing studies. In this study, customer value is defined as customers' recognizing value by exchanging goods or services and is measured using a five-point Likert scale using 19 questions about the 4-Ds, such as convenience value, quick service, response value, and trustworthiness. For each question, "very low" was set at 1 point and "very high" at 5 points. Customer trust, relationship commitment, and customer loyalty are also measured using a five-point Likert 5-point scale (1 = very low, 5 = very high) based on previous studies. Results - For customer value, trustworthiness and quick service are shown to have direct significant positive impacts on customer loyalty. For customer value and quality of the relationship (customer confidence and commitment), trustworthiness, response value, confidence value, and quick service are shown to have a significant positive impact on customer truth, in order of impact. For the relationship between customer value and commitment, quick service and response value are shown to have significant positive impact. Customer confidence has a very high positive influence on commitment. For the relationship between the quality of the relationship (customer confidence and commitment) and customer loyalty, customer confidence is shown to have more of an impact than commitment, in terms of a direct influence of customer loyalty. Commitment showed a positive impact on customer loyalty. For the relationship between customer confidence and customer loyalty, commitment showed a mediating effect. Conclusions - Many additional variables could apply; this study focused on customer value, quality of the relationship, and customer loyalty. In particular, there will be significant value in identifying the relationships among customer value, relationship quality, and customer loyalty by using impact factors for customer value; ensuring external validity by expanding denotation and applying the findings to other service industries; and undertaking continuous research. This study has limited generalization potential because the target for this survey was located only in the Seoul area.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.18-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical measurement way for predicting the seaport efficiency by using Super SBM(Slack-based Measure) with Wilcoxson signed-rank test under CRS(constant returns to scale) condition for 20 Korean ports during 11 years(1997-2007) for 3 inputs(port investment amount, birthing capacity, and cargo handling capacity) and 5 outputs(Export and Import Quantity, Number of Ship Calls, Port Revenue, Customer Satisfaction Point for Port Service and Container Cargo Throughput). The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, Super SBM model has well reflected the real data according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test, because p values have exceeded the significance level. Second,Super-SBM has shown about 87% of predicting ratio for the ports efficiency and the optimal size of investment in domestic seaport. The policy implication to the Korean seaports and planner is that Korean seaports should introduce the new methods like Super-SBM method with Wilcoxon signed rank test for predicting the efficiency of port performance and the optimal size of investment as indicated by Panayides et al.(2009, pp.203-204).

• Trans-
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• v.7
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• pp.49-80
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• 2019

As ageing society rapidly unfolds, it is becoming an even more important issue to secure wellbeing and happiness of senior citizens and the society as a whole. Growing talks on how culture and art positively affect the elderly led to more demands from the public on culture and art institutions to increase their social participations. Art museums too, as an art and cultural institution and a social education entity, are requested to play a bigger role in the effort to tackle the concerns derived from the ageing society. Korean art museums came up with senior programs since 2000, which makes it a relatively recent phenomenon. The consensus on the importance and needs of such programs has been around for a while in our society. However, effect measurement of these programs needs further research and discussion. This thesis examined the effect of senior programs using the Museum Wellbeing Measures Toolkit published in 2013. With the service quality research model, correlations were analyzed among program components, wellbeing effect, participant satisfaction and their willingness to re-enroll in order to produce a practical guidance on how to plan and operate the programs. To measure effect of senior programs and to analyze influencing factors would provide us with important data to prove the social responsibility and benefit art museums offer in our society. At the same time, such researches would contribute to enhancing the quality of current programs run by museums and give methodological suggestions on how to assess and improve senior programs.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.247-284
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• 2017

Purpose The first purpose of this study is to investigate factors that are likely to influence user's intention to adopt third-party mobile payment platform. A comprehensive study about mobile payment services have used various variables to explain user's use intention based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) or the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Variables such as simplicity, security, costs, relative advantage, individual mobility, subjective norm, trust, satisfaction, attitude towards use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and so on. Among these factors, we expect to find out the most influential factors effecting user's use intention of the third-party mobile payment services. Second, we also examine whether the most influential factors have the same influence to different third-party mobile payment services by conducting comparative study of Alipay and WeChat Pay. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data for this study were collected from Chinese who has the experience using or have used Alipay or WeChat Pay. Participants needed to be familiar with Alipay or WeChat Pay because such users may be more aware of both the advantages and disadvantages of Alipay and WeChat Pay. We conduct a pilot test using Smart PLS 2.0, which includes 50 Alipay users and 82 WeChat Pay users. The result indicates that all the measurement fit for the context. And then 980 questionnaires were mainly sent out to the college students and the e-mails users randomly. To encourage participation, we give the participants a small gift as a present. Finally, we received a total of 683 replied. Data from respondents who gave incomplete or invalid answers were excluded to assure the validity of the constructs. 79 questionnaires were rejected, finally the valid data are 604 (with 372 Alipay users and 232 WeChat Pay users). Findings The results suggest that users' intention is determined by their trust on third-party mobile payment service and perceived usefulness of use. Comparative study results also indicated that the factors have different influence on Alipay group and WeChat Pay group, which offers a new aspect for academic field, and provides useful information to mobile payment service providers in China.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study is to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing menopausal symptoms of married women and nuns in order to improve health and the quality of life for women. In this study a questionnaires were distributed to 116 nuns and 121 married women, from forty to fifty nine years old in Daegu metropolitan city. This study used the measurement of menopausal symptoms (Cronbach's Alpha=0.96) corrected and complemented by this student with consideration of various literature centered around menopausal symptoms, suggested by Janette M. Perz as 51 questions including 4 realms; [mental psychological factors], [physical physiological factors], [eyesight factors], and [urinary generative factors] in order to measure the degree of menopausal symptoms. The results are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference between educational background, religion, occupation, leisure time, satisfaction of marriage or ascetic life, existence of hormonal treatment, name of medical operation, and existence of counselling about menstruation as general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group. 2. The menopausal symptoms of the nuns' group and the married women's group according to order in which they were presented were; 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.71 points)' 'vision not clear or clouded(1.69 points)', and 'be forgetful (1.57 points)' in nuns' group. 'be forgetful (1.87 points)', 'vision not clear or clouded(1.83 points)' and 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.76 points)' in the married women's group. The symptoms which showed the highest rank of menopausal symptoms had a maximum score of 4 points. 3. There was a statistical a significance (t=-3.9807, p<.0001) between the two groups which showed, on an average, 57.92 points in the married women's group and 43.03 points in the nuns' group from 0 to 196 of the possible points of menopausal symptoms. In difference of menopausal symptoms by menstrual aspect of the nuns' group and the married women's group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing 44.81±26.07 score in the nuns' group and 72.33±35.29 score in the married women's group as the mean score of the groups with no menstruation(t=-4.1132, p=0.0001). 4. The differences in menopausal symptoms with respect to the general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group were that the nuns' group showed less menopausal symptoms on all the items than that of the married women's group. Finally, in these results, the married women's group showed higher menopausal symptoms than that of the nuns' group. Especially as the score of menopausal symptoms since the climacteric was very high it is confirmed to be a new phenomenon. Accordingly, it is considered to be necessary to carry out an indepth study of the factors related to establishing a strategy for nursing service.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.11
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• pp.990-999
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• 2013

Previous studies based on the theoretical evidence and based on the empirical data have been constantly revealing related factors affecting visual fatigue in viewing 3D images. however, the measurement data coupled with the factors that affect the viewers to feel fatigue is insufficient. this study research that the viewers feel the visual functional data is based on subjective fatigue such as IPD, AC/A ratio, and the degree of phoria and the effects on variance in these data, is to examine the correlation between these data. based on the average score of subjective fatigue which is $6.00{\pm}3.88$, total fatigue points from 0 up to 6 is classified as a group not appealing for the fatigue and from 7 up to 16, they were classified as the fatigue appealing group. the results showed no difference in satisfaction of the images by each subjective fatigue, IPD and far phoria. AC/A ratio was higher from the fatigue not appealing group, near phoria was higher from the fatigue appealing group. after watching 3D images, the fatigue not appealing group showed a tendency of higher increase of exophoria. correlations appeared in this experiment showed that AC/A ratio and near phoria are closely related to level of subjective fatigue which feel when watching 3D images. when watching 3D images based on two data appear to be able to predict the fatigue, even during content production fatigue reduce the data dimensions to be used as the main basis is expected.