• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2023

Sargassum horneri (SH), a brown macroalgae, has medicinal properties. The present study investigated the immune-enhancing effects of SH extract on peritoneal macrophages (PM). The SH significantly increased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) in PM. It was confirmed that SH significantly increased NO expression through the increase of iNOS protein expression, which is the up-regulation pathway. Additionally, it was determined if SH activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, an upper regulatory mechanism that influences TNF-α, IL-6, and NO expression. Consequently, SH significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), all of which are MAPK pathway proteins. Moreover, the immune-enhancing effects of SH on another macrophage cell line, bone marrow-derived macrophages were investigated. It was observed that SH significantly enhanced TNF-α, IL-6, and NO production. Overall, this study demonstrates the immune-enhancing effects of SH on macrophages via activated MAPK pathway. Therefore, it suggests that SH has the potential to improve immunological activity in various macrophage cell lines and can be useful as an immune-enhancing treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.324-331
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• 2024

This study examined the nutrient composition and taste properties of Sargassum fusiforme (SF) from two locations in the Wando region (Wando-eup: WD-A, Sinji-myeon: WD-B) and control region in Korea. The protein content of the SF in Wando regions was higher than that of the control, while the carbohydrate content was lower. The WD-A region had the lowest calorie content and the highest ash level when compared to the other regions. The potassium, iron, and zinc contents of the in WD-A were significantly higher than the other groups, but the sodium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents were lower. Free and constitutive amino acids, as well as the total and essential amino acid content, were higher in Wando regions than in the control. When analyzing using an electronic tongue, the SF from the WD-A region had the highest umami and sourness and the lowest bitterness and sweetness. Therefore, the results of this study can serve as fundamental data for seaweed research in the Wando region.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the Sargassum thunbergii, by measuring general composition, minerals, amino acid, free sugar, peroxide value(POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS). The contents of crude protein and crude lipid in Sargassum thunbergii were $15.7{\pm}0.8%\;and\;0.9{\pm}0.4%$, respectively. Total content of amino acids was 5,635.5 mg/100 g. The glutamic aid($1,071.3{\pm}1.8mg/100g$) content was the highest, followed by aspartic acid($645.9{\pm}1.4mg/100g$) and phenylalaine ($470.1{\pm}1.4mg/100g$). Galactose and mannose of all free sugar showed the highest values $40.2{\pm}0.5mg/100g\;and\;22.3{\pm}0.4mg/100g$. All solvent extracts of Sargassum thunbergii showed lower POV than ascorbic acid, and chloroform extracts showed the strongest antioxidant activity(4.0 meq/kg) at 12 hours storage. TBARS of chloroform extract were 2.8 mg MDA/L in $FeCl_2$ and 0.9 mg MDA/L in $CuSO_4$ oxygen species.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2011

Effect of Sargassum confusum extract on the reduction of body weight gain and lipid contents in obese rats were evaluated to find natural materials with anti-obesity benefits. After inducing obesity by feeding 42.5% high-fat diet for 5 weeks, each 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to high-fat diet control (HFD) group and high-fat diet group containing 3% Sargassum confusum extract (HFDSC). Weight gain of HFD group ($2.96{\pm}0.31g/day$) was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to that of normal diet (ND) group ($2.19{\pm}0.17g/day$). Weights of adipose tissues of HFD group were higher than those of ND group. Body weight gain of HFDSC group, however, was $2.36{\pm}0.24g/day$, which was significantly (p<0.05) lower by 21% than that of HFD group. In addition, weights of epididymal and perirenal adipose tissues were lower by 15% and 16%, respectively, as compared to those of HFD group. Biochemical analyses showed that concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) lower in HFDSC group. These results suggest that Sargassum confusum extract has a high potential as an anti-obesity material by reducing weight gain and obesity-related factors in serum.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.574-584
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• 1997

Benthic marine algae of Shinjido located on the southern coast of Korea have been investigated to know the floristic composition and community structure. The study was conducted from the intertidal to subtidal zones at two different locations (Kangdok and Donggori) using a line transect method from January to October, 1994. A total of 120 species of marine algae were identified, and they includes 15 green algae, 31 brown algae and 74 red algae. Of these, 87 and 104 species of marine algae occurred at Kangdok and Donggori, respectively. Algal vegetations were divided into three different zonations: the upper, the middle and the lower zones. The representative species are Enteromorpha compressa, Ulva pertusa, Porphyra suborbiculata, lshige okamurae in the upper zone; Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum thunbergii, Gigatina intermedia, Corallina pilulifera in the middle zone; Pachymeniopsis elliptica, Gelidium amansii, Sargassum horneri in the lower zone. In terms of biomass the dominant species were U. pertusa, I. okamurae, H. fusiformis, C. thunbergii, C. pilulifera, C. amansii, C. tenella. The flora could be classified into six functional form groups such as the coarsely branched form $(36.7\%)$ the filamentous form $(27.5\%)$, the sheet form $(15.8\%)$, the thick leathery form $(10.0\%)$, the jointed calcarious form $(5.0\%)$ and the crustose form $(5.0\%)$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2015

Benthic marine algal flora and community structure at Chuksan on the mid-east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from July 2007 to May 2009. Ninety-eight seaweed species were identified, including 13 green, 23 brown and 62 red algal species. The number of species found ranged between 33 and 63 among seasons. Two green (Ulva australis and Codium arabicum), three brown (Dictyota dichotoma, Sargassum fusiforme and Sargassum yezoense), and eleven red algae (Corallina pilulifera, Lithophyllum okamurae, Pachymeniopsis elliptica, Grateloupia filicina, G. cornea, Hildenbrandia rubra, Chondrus ocellatus, Acrosorium polyneurum, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii and Symphyocladia latiuscula) were observed throughout the survey period. Average marine algal biomass was $629.68g\;dry\;wt\;m^{-2}$ and it ranged seasonally from 119.30 to $1,660.96g\;dry\;wt\;m^{-2}$. The vertical distribution of marine algae was characterized by Corallina pilulifera and Sargassum spp. in the intertidal zone; Sargassum spp. at 1 m depth; Sargassum spp. and melobesioidean algae at 5 m depth; and melobesioidean algae at 10 m depth.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts of Sargassum hemiphyllum. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by assessing total phenolic contents, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, chelating effect, reducing power, and using the rancimat method. Total phenolic contents in the ethanol and water extracts were 17.91 and 13.44 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively. Ethanol extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than water extract and similar activity to that of BHT. The reducing power of ethanol and water extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, ethanol extract was more effective than water extract. Water extract showed a higher chelating effect compared to ethanol extract. The antioxidant index measured by rancimat was lower than those in BHT, but the ethanol extract showed a higher value than the water extract. The ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the water extract, except for the chelating effect. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Sargassum hemiphyllum has more potent antioxidant activity and may be used as a source of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 2010

In this study, Sargassum coreanum was enzymatically hydrolyzed to prepare water-soluble extracts by using five carbohydrates (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavozyme and Alcalase) and their potential antioxidant activity were evaluated. The Celluclast and Neutrase extracts of Sargassum coreanum exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging activities (92.42% and 92.78%, respectively) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) scavenging activities (58.28% and 57.97%, respectively) compared to those of other enzymatic extracts. These results suggest that Sargassum coreanum would be a good raw materials for antioxidant and enzymatic hydrolysis would be a good strategy to prepare antioxidant extracts from seaweeds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 2007

The solvent extracts of Sargassum muticum, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were prepared for use as natural preservatives. The S. muticum extract with 80% ethanol was sequentially fractionated with n.hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol. In order to effectively screen for natural preservatives agents, we first investigated the antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging capacity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the S. muticum extracts. Through the screening system, we found that dichloromethane and ethylacetate fraction had high antioxidant activity with increments of the extract concentration. The antimicrobial activities and cell growth inhibition were investigated for each strain with the different concentrations of S. muticum extracts. Antimicrobial activities were shown in ethanol, dichloromethane, and n.hexane fractions of S. muticum. However, butanol, ethylacetate and water fractions showed weak antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the five fractions, dichloromethane fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activities against microorganisms tested, such as Bacillus sublitis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The polyphenolic compounds from ethanol, n.hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fractions were 63.96 mg/g, 8.49 mg/g, 28.11 mg/g, 172.64 mg/g, 114.56 mg/g, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. The dichloromethane fraction could be suitable for development as a food preservative.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

We measured the anti-attachment activity of allelochemical and antifouling substances using monospores from Porphyra yezoensis Ueda as an assay. Methanol or aqueous extracts ($20/{\mu}g/mL$) from 32 seaweeds were added to monospore suspensions. Methanol extracts of Corallina pilulifera, Ishige sinicola, Sargassum horneri, and Sargassum sagamianum inhibited attachment $by\;>90\%$ compared to the reference. Phenolic compounds fractionated from S. sagamianum caused the most potent inhibition. P. yezoensis monospores also showed significant sensitivity to known allelochemical and algicidal compounds.