• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1998.06a
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 1998

The first original inducer of interferon had been synthesized in Russia in 1965-1967. It was 2-car-boxiethyl-germanysesquioxan (Lx-13) and other-1 hydroxigermanytrans-monohydral (Lx-5), These compounds have very high induct$\circledcirc$on of interferon. The strain of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer was recultivated on medium with different concentiation of (Lx-13) and (Lx-5) many times. The strain was stabilized when biomass of cells contain of the Ge form 10${\times}$10-3mg% to 2.3x10-3mg% to ashes, Biomass are hard physical work (swimming test) and also had stress-protective, immunomodulating action and anticarcinogenic effect hampered the sarcoma-180 by 33-80% and suppressed quantity of metanes on 43-46%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.469-474
• /
• 2004

The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of arabinoxylane and polysaccharide peptide (PSP) on the immune cell functions. Both arabinoxylane and PSP increased plaque forming cell (10-15%) and rosette forming cell (10-30%) formation. Stimulation of macrophage with PSP (18%) and arabinoxylane (22%) resulted in increased phagocytic effects. Both arabinoxylane and PSP induced the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected sarcoma-180 cell intracutaneously. When the mice injected intraperitoneal cavity with sarcoma 180 cells, survival ratio was increased in the mice fed on arabinoxylane and PSP. The ratio of PCA was slightly decreased in the mice fed on PSP, especially fed on arabinoxylane than in the control mice. The concentrations of blood histamine were slightly decreased in the mice fed on arabinoxylane and PSP. These results suggest that the capacity of arabinoxylane and PSP seems to act as a potent immunomodulator causing augmentation of immune cell activity, and with the absence of notable side-effects, arabinoxylane and PSP could be used as a biological response modifier having possible therapeutic effects against immunological disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.68-77
• /
• 2011

80% methanol and 0.9% neutral saline soluble and hot water substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180 and RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 10~2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, but crude polysaccharides from Fr. NaCl was slightly toxic to HT-29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of 25.0~52.9% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. HW increased the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ compared with control. Fr. NaCl improved the immuno-stimulating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.5 fold compared with control at the concentration of 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. 10~14 ${\mu}M$ of nitric acid were generated when Fr. NaCl was added to RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 50~500 ${\mu}g/ml$, while the control group produced 4.3 ${\mu}M$ of nitric oxide. The Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH increased the production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, Il-2 and IL-6 by more than 1.4 times compared with the control group. The Fr. of MeOH increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by 3.0 and 2.0 folds compared with the control at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Therefore, the crude polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa could improve antitumor activity of mice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1992

Increasing frequency of skin cancer, mycosis fungoides, Kaposi's sarcoma etc, it need to treatment dose planning for total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy. Appropriate treatment planning for TSEB therapy is needed to give homogeneous dose distribution throughout the entire skin surface. The energy of 6 MeV electron from the 18 MeV medical linear accelerator was adapted for superficial total skin electron beam therapy. The energy of the electron beam was reduced to 4.2 MeV by a $0.5\;cm\times90\;cm{\times}180\;cm$ acryl screen placed in a feet front of the patient. Six dual field beam was adapted for total skin irradiation to encompass the entire body surface from head to toe simultaneously. The patients were treated behind the acryl screen plate acted as a beam scatterer and contained a parallel-plate shallow ion chamber for dosimetry and beam monitoring. During treatment, the patient was placed in six different positions due to be homogeneous dose distribution for whole skin around the body. One treatment session delivered 400 cGy to the entire skin surface and patients were treated twice a week for eight consecutive weeks, which is equivalent to TDF value 57. instrumentation and techniques developed in determining the depth dose, dose distribution and bremsstrahlung dose are discussed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 1998

During the screening for anti-complementary activity from 10 kinds of edible mushrooms, an alkali extract of Agaricus bisporus showed the highest activity through the complement fixation test. The crude anti-complementary material(AB-0) from Agaricus bisporus was obtained by the alkali extraction using 1 N NaOH containing 5% urea$(65^{\circ}C)$, followed by methanol reflux, dialysis and lyophilization. The fraction AB-O showed potent anit-complementary and anti-tumor activity against sarcoma-180 injected mice. The fraction AB-0 was divided into 5 fractions(AB-20, AB-40, AB-60, AB-80, AB-A) by gradual acetone precipitation. Among them fraction AB-20 having the highest activity and yield was found to contain 39% carbohydrate and 46% protein. The anti-complementary protein-bound polysaccharide AB-20 consisted of glucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose and mannose in a molar ratio of 6.49 : 1.98 : 1.24 : 1.00 : 0.71, respectively and its main component amino acids were alanine(20.59%), isoleucine(16.85%), glutamine+glutamic acid(14.12%) and leucine (13.83%). The anti-complementary activity of AB-20 was decreased greatly by periodate oxidation, but decreased slightly by pronase digestion. This indicates that polysaccharide moiety is corelated with the anti-complementary activity and that protein is also involved in the activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.424-430
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycelia of Lentinus edoes mushroom-cultured Lonicera japonica Thunberg (LLJ) on proliferation of the cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa), sarcoma 180 (S-180) and antiallergy. In an anti-cancer test using Hep3B (hepatic cancer cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) and HeLa (uterine cancer cell), LLJ extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than that of LJ (Lonicera japonica Thunberg) extract. In an anti-cancer testing using Hep3B cells, LLJ extract showed growth-inhibitory effect of $85.60{\pm}4.66%$ at 3mg/rnL. In an anti-cancer testing using MCF-7 cells, LLJ and LJ extracts showed high antiproliferating effect. LLJ showed the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth-inhibitory rates against tumor cells were 61% for LLJ, 37% for LJ. LLJ inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes mushroom-cultured herb has an antiproliferating effect against cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa) and S-180 tumor, and will be beneficial in the treatment of allergic reaction.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.253-261
• /
• 2007

In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-obesity, anti-cancer activity and single oral dose toxicity of Inonotus xeranticus extracted by methanol (INXM) or ethyl acetate (INXE). In order to investigate anti-obestity effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts, the 3T3-L1 cells were treated with these extracts at various concentrations(1, 10, 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$). It was observed that 3T3-L1 cells treated with $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Inonotus obliquus ethyl acetate extract (INOE), INXM and INXE, in the absence of differentiation cocktail (0.5mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) $1{\mu}M$ dexamethasone, $1{\mu}M$ insulin), differentiated at a rate of 78.5, 80.9, and 76.4% respectively. Differentiation rates of 86.6% and 83.4% were observed in 3T3-L1 cells which were treated with differentiation cocktail at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of INXM and INXE, respectively. The anti-cancer effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts was investigated using a method of sulforhodamine B in sarcoma 180 cell line. The cells were treated with these extracts (1, 10, 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$) for 48 hours. The growth of cells which were treated with $300{\mu}g/ml$ of INXM was inhibited by 80.1%. The growth of sarcoma 180 cells which were treated with 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$ of INXE was inhibited by 74.7% and 64.5%, respectively. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, and feed and water consumptions. The results indicated that Inonotus xeranticus extracts did not show any toxic effects at 2,000mg/kg in mice, and the $LD_{50}$ of these extracts was found to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in this experiment. From the above results, Inonotus xeranticus methanol and ethyl acetate extracts might have useful clinical applications in the management of cancer and obesity and may also be useful as a medicinal food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycelia of Lentinus edoes mushroom-cultured Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (LAM) on proliferation of cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa), sarcoma 180 (S-180), and anti-allergy. In an anti-cancer test using Hep3B (hepatic cancer cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) and HeLa (uterine cancer cell), LAM extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than that of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (AM) extract. In an anti-cancer testing using Hep3B cells and MCF-7 cells, LAM extract showed growth-inhibitory effect of 65.23% at 3 mg/mL and 69.23% at 5 mg/mL, respectively. In an anti-cancer testing using HeLa cells, LAM extract showed growth-inhibitory effect of 42.01% at 5 mg/mL. In addition, LAM showed the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth-inhibitory rates against tumor cells were 47% for LAM and 37% for AM. LAM inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes mushroom-cultured herb has an antiproliferating effect against cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa), S-180 tumor and will be beneficial in the treatment of allergic reaction.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.86
• /
• pp.791-797
• /
• 2007

We studied the inhibitory effect of solvent fractions from doenjang on mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in Ames test. We also investigated the effect of solvent fractions from doenjang on the growth of tumor cells and the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). The treatment of dichlorormethane and ethylacetate fractions (2.5 mg/assay) from doenjang to Ames test system inhibited aflatoxin B$_1$ (AFB$_1$) induced mutagenicity by 96% and 97%, respectively, and showed a higher antimutagenic effect than other solvent fractions. In case of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguamidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity, the ethylacetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (by 75%) among the other sol-vent fractions, although the inhibitory effect was not stronger compared to AFB$_1$ induced mutagenicity. The treatment of dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions markedly inhibited the growth of Yac-1 (by 80% and 94%, respectively) and sacroma-180 cancer cells (by 60% and 96%, respectively) after 4 days of incubation at 37${\circ}$C. To elucidate the immunological mechanism of antitumor activity of doenjang, spleen cells of Balb/c mouse were exposed to the dichloromethane and ethyl-acetate fractions for 24 hours at 37${\circ}$C . The culture supernatants following the treatment of djchloromethane and ethylacetate factions to spleen cells increased the production of IL-2. These results indicated that the anticarcinogenic effect of doenjang was mediated by the production of IL-2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.10
• /
• pp.1295-1301
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL). CL was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of CL extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. CL extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of CL (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 72.1% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 69.6% and 67.0% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of CL extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL CL ethyl acetate fraction had the highest cytotoxicity of 74.5%, 70.7% and 80.3% against HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only 2$\sim$31% cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anticancer effect of CL extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. CL ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 56.4% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.