• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

The lime-soil mixture on tomb barrier (LSMB) is a type of tomb in Joseon Dynasty, which made with so-called 'Sammul' (three material compound) that mixture of lime, fine sand and yellow ocher. This study divided the tombs of the Gungri Site from Joseon Dynasty with layered wall and integrated wall according to the manufacturing types, and investigated on the basis of analysis to material characteristics and making techniques. Analytical samples were classified with lime-soil mixtures and soils, and interpreted the mixing characteristics of Sammul based on types of tomb barrier. The tomb barrier which is directly effect to control the inner environment was made with high content of lime. But the finishing or bottom layer were made with low content of lime. Overall the LSMB with integrated wall has higher content of lime and physical property than the LSMB with layered wall. The soil which was compounded as a Sammul and collected near the Gungri Site had similar with mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is presumed that the fine sand and yellow ocher that made as a Sammul, were used with soil that was distributed around the site. Meanwhile, large scale limestone quarry is distributed near the site. Especially, Gungri Site has a possibility of material supply through water transport, due to the sea route from Asan bay is connected near the site. Thus, there is the possibility of transportation of lime materials from nearby quarry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-106
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• 1989

Two numerical models of the shoreline change and sediment transport rates, explicit and implicit, are simulated with shore structures such as breakwaters, a jetty, groins and a seawall. The applied study area is songdo Beach, Youngil bay, Korea since it has all the shore structures mentinoed above. The two models investigate the beach line changes and sedimen transport rates for the beach before design of three groins with and without an offshore breakwater. In order to estimate the shoreline changes after three groins were built, the beach response inside the three groin compartiments and the offshore barrier are also investigated. The simulation based on the initial shoreline conditions surveyed by the Hydrographic office, Koreai 1979 and 1984. The breaking wave characteristics are introduced into the models by calculation from the empirical equations and modification from the numerical and hydraulic model test results developed for waves behind an offshore breakwater. The numerical simulation describes well the tendencies of the sand transport and shoreline changes affected by wave diffraction behind a detached breakwater and by interruption of sand transport at three groins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1378-1382
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• 2009

This study is conducted to investigate the possibility of the utilization of the mixed soil formed by mixing stone sludge, bentonite, and residual soil as a soil sealant sustaining both stability and capacity in the barrier system. And the mixed soil formed by mixing stone sludge, river sand is conducted to investigate the possibility of recycle. A series of tests were performed on the mixed soil(stone sludge, bentonite, Cement and residual soil) to evaluate basic properties such as compaction, compressive strength, permeability of these materials. and the stone sludge-river sand mixed soil were performed the discharge capacity tests.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.1191-1198
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• 2023

Bentonite buffer material is a critical component in an engineered barrier system (EBS) for disposing high-level radioactive waste (HLW). The bentonite buffer material protects the disposal canister from groundwater penetration and releases decay heat to the surrounding rock mass; thus, it should possess high thermal conductivity, low hydraulic conductivity, and moderate swelling pressure to safely dispose the HLWs. Bentonite clay is a suitable buffer material because it satisfies the safety criteria. Several additives have been suggested as mixtures with bentonite to increase the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) properties of bentonite buffer materials. Therefore, this study investigated the geotechnical, mineralogical, and THMC properties of several candidate additives such as sand, graphite, granite, and SiC powders. Datasets obtained in this study can be used to select adequate additives to improve the THMC properties of the buffer material.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.447-464
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• 2015

Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in Turkey. The bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. These tires consume valuable landfill space or if improperly disposed, create a fire hazard and provide a prolific breeding ground for rats and mosquitoes. Used tires pose both a serious public and environmental health problem which means that economically feasible alternatives for scrap tire disposal must be found. Some of the current uses of scrap tires are tire-derived fuel, creating barrier reefs and as an asphalt additive in the form of crumb rubber. However, there is a much need for the development of additional uses for scrap tires. One development the creation of shreds from scrap tires that are coarse grained, free draining and have a low compacted density thus offering significant advantages for use as lightweight subgrade fill and backfill material. This paper reports a comprehensive laboratory study that was performed to evaluate the use of a shredded tire-sand mixture as a backfill material in trench conditions. A steel frame test tank with glass walls was created to replicate a classical trench section in field conditions. The results of the test demonstrated that shredded tires mixed with sand have a definite potential to be effectively used as backfill material for buried pipe installations.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1165-1173
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• 2014

For the field application of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor in nutrient solution culture, a filtration-DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) plasma reactor was investigated for the Ralstonia solanacearum which causes bacterial wilt in aquiculture. The filtration-DBD plasma reactor system of this study was consisted of filter, plasma reactor, reservoir. The DBD plasma reactor consisted of a quartz dielectric tube, discharge electrode (inner) and ground electrode (outer). The experimental results showed that the inactivation of R. solanacearum with filter media type in filter reactor ranked in the following order: anthracite > fiber ball > sand > ceramic ball > quartz ceramic. In filtration + plasma process, disinfection effect with the voltage was found to small. In disinfection time of 120 minutes, residual R. solanacearum concentration was 1.17 log (15 CFU/mL). When the continuous disinfection time was 120 minute, disinfection effect was thought to keep the four days. In sporadic operation mode of 30 minutes disinfection - 24 hours break, residual R. solanacearum concentration after five days was 0.3 log (2 CFU/mL). It is considered that most of R. solanacearum has been inactivated substantially.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

To validate the previous conceptual design of cover system, construction of the engineered barrier test facility is completed and the performance tests of the disposal cover system are conducted. The disposal test facility is composed of the multi-purpose working space, the six test cells and the disposal information space for the PR center. The dedicated detection system measures the water content, the temperature, the matric potential of each cover layer and the accumulated water volume of lateral drainage. Short-term experiments on the disposal cover layer using the artificial rainfall system are implemented. The sand drainage layer shows the satisfactory performance as intended in the design stage. The artificial rainfall does not affect the temperature of cover layers. It is investigated that high water infiltration of the artificial rainfall changes the matric potential in each cover layer. This facility is expected to increase the public information about the national radioactive waste disposal program and the effort for the safety of the planned disposal facility.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

In this study, a selecvively block barrier was developed to prevent the spread of contaminants (TPH, Phenol) in the ground only when contamination occurs. The materials were used Jumunjin sand, bentonite, polyolefin elastomer and spill hound marine. First, the properties and environmental hazards characteristics of materials were analyzed for evaluated their usability. Then, the possibility of use as a barrier material was confirmed by analyzing the water permeability characteristics that change after 24 hours of contact with contaminants. As a result of the analysis, the pH of each component was similar to the general groundwater pH range. In addition, the toxicity characteristics and the possibility of dissolution of hazardous substances, it was determined that there was no environmental hazard as the content was below the regulation value. Lastly, when comparing the permeability coefficient before and after contact with the contaminant, the permeability coefficient of approximately α × 10^-3cm/sec before contact was reduced to α × 10^-6cm/sec after contact with the contaminant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.911-922
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• 2012

This study aim that definite the relationship between coastal environment and different sand bar communities, as well as to analyze their spatial distribution of barrier island in the Nakdong river estuary. Survey method follow by Braun-Blanquet(1965) and there a total of 118 relev$\acute{e}$'s were undertaken. Definition of the relationships between species and environmental variables with Canonical Correlation Analysis(CCoA) and that to applied these relev$\acute{e}$'s with the RIM(Kim and Kim, 2006) program and that to classification used the SYN-TAX 2000 program(Podani 1979). On the basis of about 118 phytosociological releve's, the vegetation of xeric and hydric type was arranged in twelve plant communities: Xeric type-Pinus thunbergii community,Vitex rotundifolia community, Carex pumila community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community and Calystegia soldanella community, Hydric type-Salix dependens-Calamagrostis epigeios community, Calamagrostis epigeios-Phragmites communis community, Phragmites communis-Ischaemum aristatum community, Phragmites communis community, Scirpus planiculmis community and Suaeda glauca-S. japonica community.These plant communities represents sand dune vegetation and salt marsh vegetation. Widely distributing types in the actual vegetation map were sea club-rush community, reed community in salt marsh, and dry grassland. The edge in the coastal sand bars has zonation that almost distribution by the reed community in salt marsh. But outside of it were distributed sea club-rush community. Dry grassland type distributes higher zone of the center in coastal sand bars. Respectively, the coastal sand dune and salt marsh vegetation types were distributed ocean and inland on the frontier of it.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.185-195
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• 2012

Due to the high reduction and sorption capacity as well as the large specific surface area, nanosized mackinawite (FeS) is useful in reductively transforming chlorinated organic pollutants and sequestering toxic metals and metalloids. Due to the dynamic nature in its colloid stability, however, nanosized FeS may be washed out with the groundwater flow or result in aquifer clogging via particle aggregation. Thus, these nanoparticles should be modified such as to be built into permeable reactive barriers. This study employed coating methods in efforts to facilitate the installation of permeable reactive barriers of nanosized mackinawite. In applying the methods, nanosized mackinawite was coated on non-treated silica sand (NTS) and chemically treated silica sand (CTS). For both silica sands, the maximum coating of mackinawite occurred around pH 5.4, the condition of which was governed by (1) the solubility of mackinawite and (2) the surface charge of both silica and mackinawite. Under this pH condition, the maximum coating by NTS and CTS were found to be 0.101 mmol FeS/g and 0.043 mmol FeS/g respectively, with such elevated coatings by NTS likely linked with impurities (e.g., iron oxides) on its surface. Arsenite sorption experiments were performed under anoxic conditions using uncoated silica sands and those coated with mackinawite at the optimal pH to compare their reactivity. At pH 7, the relative sorption efficiency between uncoated NTS and coated NTS changed with the initial concentration of arsenite. At the lower initial concentration, uncoated NTS showed the higher sorption efficiency, whereas at the higher concentration, coated NTS exhibited the higher sorption efficiency. This could be attributed to different sorption mechanisms as a function of arsenite concentration: the surface complexation of arsenite with the iron oxide impurity on silica sand at the low concentration and the precipitation as arsenic sulfides by reaction with mackinawite coating at the high concentration. Compared to coated NTS, coated CTS showed the lower arsenite removal at pH 7 due to its relatively lower mackinawite coating. Taken together, our results indicate that NTS is a more effective material than CTS for the coating of nanosized mackinawite.